Pengaruh Bahan Organik Nabati dan Hewani terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Bodies Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Phalaenopsis orchid is among the popular ornamental plants in Orchidaceae family. Clonal propagation of this orchid is usually performed through protocorm like bodies (plbs) multiplication in tissue culture medium. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of the combination of phyto-organic substances (bananas, potatoes, sweet potatoes extract) and fish emulsion on in vitro growth, multiplication of plbs and plantlet regeneration of Phalaenopsis amabilis. This experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was phyto-organic substances which consisted of bananas, potatoes, and sweet potatoes extract (50 g L-1) and the second one was fish emulsion with four concentration levels (0 ml L-1, 2 ml L-1, 4 ml L-1, and 6 ml L-1). Basic (control) medium used NPK fertilizer (2 g L-1) with addition of MS vitamins, myo-inositol, 1.5% of coconut water, and 2 g L-1 of active charcoal. The results showed that the highest survival rate (>90%) and multiplication (>70%) of plbs was found on control medium with addition of 2 ml L-1 of fish emulsion or banana or potato extract without fish emulsion. The best plantlet morphogenesis as indicated by leaf and root number, was resulted on medium with addition of potato extract without fish emulsion which produced 3.2 leaves and 2.2 roots per plantlets. The best plantlet morphogenesis as indicated by leaf and root number, was resulted on medium with addition of potato extract without fish emulsion which produced 3.2 leaves and 2.2 roots per plantlets. The result of this experiment suggested that basic medium with addition of 2 ml L-1 of fish emulsion, banana or potato extract was appropriate for plbs growth and multiplication while basic medium with addition of potato extract without fish emulsion for plantlet regeneration.
Keywords: bananas, fish emulsion, potatos, protocorm like bodies (plbs), sweet potatoes

ABSTRAK
Anggrek Phalaenopsis merupakan salah satu tanaman hias paling populer dalam famili Orchidaceae. Perbanyak klonal anggrek ini biasanya dilakukan melalui multiplikasi protocorm like bodies (plbs) dalam kultur in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bahan organik nabati (ekstrak pisang, kentang, ubi jalar) dan emulsi ikan terhadap pertumbuhan, multiplikasi plbs dan regenerasi planlet Phalaenopsis amabilis. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah bahan organik nabati terdiri atas ekstrak pisang, kentang, dan ubi jalar sebanyak 50 g L-1 dan faktor kedua adalah emulsi ikan dengan empat konsentrasi yaitu 0, 2, 4 atau 6 ml L-1. Media dasar (kontrol) menggunakan pupuk NPK (2 g L-1) ditambah dengan vitamin dan myoinositol dari media Murashige dan Skoog (MS), 15% air kelapa dan 2 g L-1 arang aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan hidup tertinggi (>90%) dan multiplikasi plbs tertinggi (sekitar 70%) ditemukan pada media kontrol yang ditambahkan emulsi ikan 2 ml L-1 atau ditambahkan ekstrak pisang atau kentang tanpa penambahan emulsi ikan. Morfogenesis plbs menjadi planlet yang terbaik sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh jumlah daun dan akar terbanyak dihasilkan pada perlakuan ekstrak kentang tanpa emulsi ikan dengan jumlah daun dan akar yang dihasilkan adalah sebanyak 3.2 helai daun dan 2.2 akar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media dasar yang ditambah dengan 2 ml L-1 emulsi ikan, ekstrak pisang atau kentang adalah sangat sesuai untuk pertumbuhan dan multiplikasi plbs sementara media dasar yang ditambah ekstrak kentang tanpa emulsi ikan terbaik untuk regenerasi planlet.
Kata kunci: emulsi ikan, kentang, pisang, protocorm like bodies (plbs), ubi jalar