Incidence of Virus Infection and Weather Conditions in Shallot Center Production in Brebes, Central Java after Outbreak of Sudden Death Disease
Insidensi Infeksi Virus dan Kondisi Cuaca di Sentra Produksi Bawang Merah di Brebes Jawa Tengah setelah Ledakan Penyakit Mati Mendadak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.22.2.71-79Keywords:
Iris yellow spot virus, janda pirang, molecular detection, rainfall, thripsAbstract
Pests and diseases are significant constraints to shallot cultivation in Indonesia. In 2023, sudden death disease, a new disease of shallots locally called “janda pirang” by farmers, was reported. This disease spreads rapidly and widely, especially in shallot production centers in Java Island. This study aimed to analyze the role of viral infection and weather factors in the incidence of sudden death disease through field observations in different seasons following the report of this disease. Field observations were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons in 2025 in Brebes Regency. Molecular virus detection was performed using one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers for the main shallot viruses. Two viruses were detected, i.e. Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV); while the other viruses, i.e. Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) were not detected. Similarly, no population of the thrips vector (Thrips tabaci) was found. The incidence of OYDV in the rainy season ranged from 75% to 100% and in the dry season 50% to 100%, while SLV was detected 100% in both seasons, indicating that seasonal differences do not significantly influence its presence due to its bulb-borne nature. Evaluation of weather conditions, in particular temperature and rainfall, indicate that high temperatures and low rainfall may affect the incidence of sudden death disease.
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