Kajian Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa untuk Mengendalikan Bean commonmosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea (BCMV-BlC) pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis Verdc)
Study of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke to Control Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea (BCMV-BlC) on Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp.sesquipedalis Verdc)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.22.1.48-60Keywords:
BCMV-BlC, CSLS, fabaceae, phytotoxicity, induce plant’s defenseAbstract
Study of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke to Control Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea (BCMV-BlC) on Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis Verdc)
Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye cowpea (BCMV-BlC) is an important pathogen of Fabaceae crops that causes significant yield losses. The virus is transmitted by aphids and through seeds, making it challenging to control. The limited availability of resistant varieties necessitates the development of alternative, safe, and sustainable virus management. Liquid smoke is a condensed product of biomass pyrolysis, exhibits antimicrobial activity, and has potential as a plant resistance inducer. The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) in inhibiting BCMV-BlC infection. The research phases comprised: phytotoxicity testing of liquid smoke on seeds, determination of optimal concentration and application timing to reduce necrotic local lesion (NLL) numbers caused by BCMV-BlC infection on indicator plant Chenopodium amaranticolor, and efficacy testing of CSLS to inhibit BCMV-BlC infection on yardlong bean under greenhouse conditions. CSLS at concentrations 3.0% exhibited phytotoxicity, while concentrations below this level did not. Foliar application of CSLS post-virus inoculation significantly prolonged the incubation period and effectively suppressed NLL numbers, with higher efficacy compared to pre-inoculation application. CSLS treatment on yardlong bean plants showed that it could extend the incubation period, but did not significantly reduce the severity of the disease, except for CSLS 0.7ST and 1.0ST treatments, which were able to reduce the severity of the disease and virus titer compared to the control. CSLS at concentration 1.0ST treatments increased antioxidant enzyme activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and PR3 gene expression higher than other treatments, which contributed to mild symptoms and the lowest virus titer significantly compared to control and other treatments. CSLS at a concentration 1.0% is the most effective treatment in suppressing BCMV-BlC infection by inducing the plant’s innate defense.
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