Isolation of Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Phylloplane Bacteria and in Vitro Detection of Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum
Isolation of Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Phylloplane Bacteria and in Vitro Detection of Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.32-44Kata Kunci:
antraknosa, biokontrol, cabai, senyawa volatilAbstrak
Antraknosa merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum spp. dengan tingkat kehilangan hasil yang dapat mencapai 100%. Dampak negatif penggunaan fungisida menyebabkan diperlukannya pencarian agens biokontrol sebagai bagian dari pengendalian penyakit yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satu sumber ialah agens biokontrol dari bagian filosfer. Percobaan ini bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri antagonis asal filosfer daun tanaman cabai sehat yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens biokontrol sekaligus berpotensi meningkatkan perolehan nutrisi bagi tanaman melalui fiksasi nitrogen. Tanaman cabai sehat diperoleh dari pertanaman cabai merah di Desa Cijambu dan Desa Nanggerang, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Hasil isolasi menggunakan medium bebas nitrogen dan hasil skrining aktivitas antagonisme diperoleh delapan galur bakteri, yaitu CJB1, CJB2, CJB3, CJB4, CJB5, NGR1, NGR2, dan NGR3. Delapan galur bakteri tersebut diuji dengan beberapa galur Colletotrichum spp. asal beberapa sentra pertanaman cabai di Garut, Lembang, Sumedang dan Jatinangor. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan metode biakan ganda yang dilanjutkan dengan pengujian aktivitas senyawa volatil dengan metode double compartment. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan diperolehnya bakteri filosfer NGR1, CJB1, dan CJB5 yang secara konsisten menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan empat galur Colletotrichum spp., baik secara langsung melalui uji antagonis maupun berdasarkan uji aktivitas anticendawan senyawa volatil yang dihasilkan galurnya. Malformasi pada miselium Colletotrichum spp. juga terdeteksi ketika patogen dihadapkan secara langsung dengan bakteri filosfer maupun oleh senyawa volatil yang dihasilkannya. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri filosfer yang berpotensi dapat memfiksasi N ini juga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens biokontrol Colletotrichum spp.
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