Eksplorasi dan Penentuan Ras Penyebab Penyakit Blas Padi di Kabupaten Maros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.17.2.41-48Kata Kunci:
identifikasi, Magnaporthe oryzae, ras dominan, varietas diferensialAbstrak
Penyakit blas yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Pyricularia oryzae (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar pada tanaman padi di seluruh dunia. Penyakit ini memiliki tingkat virulensi dan adaptasi tinggi yang dibuktikan dengan jumlah ras yang banyak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi ras cendawan P. oryzae dan sebarannya pada delapan kecamatan di Kabupaten Maros. Identifikasi ras ditentukan berdasarkan pengujian menggunakan tujuh varietas padi diferensial, yaitu varietas Asahan, Cisokan, IR 64, Krueng Aceh, Cisadane, Cisanggarung dan Kencana Bali. Pengamatan keparahan penyakit blas menggunakan Standard Evaluation System for Rice IRRI. Tipe bercak skor 5–9 digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kerentanan inang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 30 isolat P. oryzae, yaitu 4 isolat dari Bantimurung, 8 isolat dari Simbang, 4 isolat dari Maros Baru, masing-masing 3 isolat dari Moncongloe, Tanralili, Tompobulu, Mandai, dan 2 isolat dari Lau. Sebanyak 17 ras P. oryzae berhasil diidentifikasi, yaitu ras 000, 001, 011, 020, 023, 031, 033, 041, 061, 101, 103, 111, 141, 173, 221, 301 dan 373. Ras 001 merupakan ras dominan yang ditemukan di lima lokasi pengambilan isolat P. oryzae.
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