Journal of Vocational in Aquaculture (JAVA)
The Journal of Vocational in Aquaculture (JAVA) (E-ISSN 3109-7731) is a biannual journal (May & November) that is published by Study Program Technology and Management of Applied Aquaculture, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University in collaboration with Akademisi Profesi Dosen Vokasi Indonesia (APDOVI). JAVA is platform for sharing practical information that is essential for researchers to meet the needs of stakeholders e.g. industry, farm managers, governments to adapt aquaculture theory to achieve sustainable production and economic objectives throughout the world. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
College of Vocational Studies, Bogor Agricultural University
Application of Feed Supplements to Improve the Growth Performance of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with Clinical Symptoms of AHPND Disease
White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is a type of shrimp that has high economic value and is included in indonesias fisheries export commodities. The high market demand makes farmers continue to strive to increase production, however, efforts to increase its production are often faced with various problems, such as attacks by Acute Hepatopancreatic Disease (AHPND). Clinical symptoms resulting from the disease are damage to digestive organs, stunted shrimp growth, and mass death. Efforts that can be made to increase the appetit and growth of vaname shrimp can be done by applying feed supplement, combination of Boster Amino Liquid, Premix Aquavita, and Grotop with oral method by mixing them with feed. This activity aims to determine to evaluate feed supplement application on the growth and survival rate of white shrimp and compare the result of two different growing media (soil pond and HDPE plastic pond). The result obtained showed an increase in shrimp growth and survival rate (SR), with the value of SR in soil pond is 26,9% which lower compared to HDPE plastic pond (70,6%). Changes in weather and water quality in cultivation ponds are the crucial factor affecting the result.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanggit Damarjati Albar, Ima Kusumanti, Luqman Hakim, Wiyoto Wiyoto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE VARIATION ON THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF Corydoras julii
Corydoras julii is a freshwater ornamental fish species highly favored by both local and international markets. However, breeders often face challenges in achieving optimal egg production, which is suspected to be influenced by the type of spawning substrate used. This study aimed to determine the most effective substrate for improving the spawning performance of C. julii. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications, consisting of no substrate (control, K), raffia string (T), PVC pipe (P), and Hydrilla verticillata (H). Parameters observed included egg productivity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval survival rate. The results showed that the highest egg productivity was obtained in the PVC pipe treatment, with an average of 2081 ± 125.83 eggs. However, differences in substrate type did not significantly affect the fertilization rate, hatching rate, or survival rate. Water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, remained within the optimal range for spawning throughout the study. In conclusion, the PVC pipe was identified as the most effective substrate for enhancing egg productivity in Corydoras julii breeding without negatively affecting other reproductive parameters.
corydoras julii, egg productivity, PVC pipe, raffia string, Hydrilla verticillata, substrate
Copyright (c) 2025 Habiibii Tarish Zufar, Cecilia Eny Indriastuti, Andri Iskandar, Riva Hafidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Different Live Feeds on the Reproductive Performance of Tricolor Angelfish Pterophyllum scalare
Ikan manfish merupakan ikan hias popular karena bentuk tubuh dan warna menarik, serta kemudahan dalam pemeliharaan. Salah satu kendala budidaya yaitu produksi jumlah telur dan kualitas larva belum optimal. Upaya yang dilakukan dengan pemberian pakan alami yang bergizi tinggi untuk mempercepat kematangan gonad guna proses pemijahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pakan alami terhadap keberhasilan pemijahan. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu cacing sutra (CS), jentik nyamuk (JN), kutu air (KA), dan cacing darah (CD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan (JN) menghasilkan jumlah telur tertinggi sebesar 573±5,03 butir, Fertilization Rate (FR) sebesar 95,29±1,12%, Survival Rate (SR) sebesar 86,84±0,65%, dan keuntungan ekonomi tertinggi sebesar Rp79.332. Pemberian pakan jentik nyamuk direkomendasikan sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan produksi larva ikan manfish secara efektif dan ekonomis
Copyright (c) 2025 Andri hendriana, Tazkia Putri Khairunisa, Andri Iskandar, Imam Tri Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Overlapping Feeding on the Growth and Survival of Nilem (Osteochilus vittatus) Larvae
The nilem (Osteochilus vittatus) is an endemic freshwater species native to Indonesia and is valued both for its therapeutic properties and its potential for processing into value-added products such as baby fish chips. However, its relatively low growth rate remains a major constraint in aquaculture development. The effect of overlapping feeding on the growth performance and survival of nilem larvae was evaluated. Spawning was conducted over three periods using hormone-induced broodstock prior to larval rearing, and fertilized eggs were incubated under controlled conditions. Larval rearing was carried out at the Freshwater Fish Germplasm Research Installation using two feeding treatments with two replicates: a non-overlapping feeding regime, in which Infusoria was administered from day 4 to 7 followed by artificial feed, and an overlapping regime, in which Infusoria was provided from day 3 to 10 alongside artificial feed from day 8 to 10 before transfer to outdoor concrete tanks. Higher absolute weight gain (0.022 ± 0.001 g), absolute length gain (0.78 ± 0.03 cm), specific growth rate (3.30 ± 0.135%), and survival rate (90.0 ± 0.89%) were recorded under overlapping feeding compared to the non-overlapping treatment (0.018 ± 0.001 g; 0.67 ± 0.01 cm; 2.76 ± 0.111%; and 86.1 ± 0.62%, respectively). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in absolute length gain and survival, while absolute weight gain and specific growth rate were not significantly affected. Overlapping feeding was demonstrated to improve larval performance and can be recommended as a feeding strategy to enhance hatchery productivity in nilem aquaculture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Risma Arafah Tunisa, Wiyoto Wiyoto, Cecilia Eny Indriastuti, Dian Eka Ramadhani, Riva Hafidah, Andri Iskandar, Robin Robin, Ikhsan Khasani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advanced Culture Techniques of Thalassiosira sp. as Natural Feed for Vannamei Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Larvae (Litopenaeus Vannamei): A Case Study at Center For Superior Shrimp and Shellfish Broodstock Production (BPIU2K)
The stepwise culture technique of Thalassiosira sp., is a method used to produce natural feed for Pacific whiteleg shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) at BPIU2K Karangasem, Bali. Thalassiosira sp., a microalgae species is known for its high nutritional content, making it an ideal natural feed for aquaculture. The objectives are to analyze the influence of various culture conditions on the growth and nutritional quality of Thalassiosira sp., assess its impact on the growth performance and survival rates of shrimp larvae, and identify potential challenges and solutions in the culture process. The research also identifies challenges in culturing processes, such as maintaining optimal environmental conditions and ensuring consistent nutrient levels. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the stepwise culture technique in achieving high-density growth of Thalassiosira sp., which positively impacts the growth and survival rate of vannamei shrimp larvae. The culture method involves a stepwise process conducted at the BPIU2K Karangasem, progressing from laboratory scale to intermediate (semi-mass) and mass culture. Results show that plankton growth in Erlenmeyer flasks reached a peak density of 12.3 million cells/ml on the fourth day. Observations during the fieldwork indicated that the highest peak of plankton growth occurred on the fourth day, reaching a density of 13 million cells/ml. Between the second and sixth days, there was a continuous increase in growth, peaking at 1.8 million cells/ml on the sixth day. The advanced culture techniques for Thalassiosira sp. as natural feed for vannamei shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) at BPIU2K, Karangasem, Bali, has demonstrated effective methods for optimizing plankton growth and quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Vocational in Aquaculture (JAVA) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Combination of Moringa Leaf Meal (Moringa oleifera) and Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) in Feed to Support Growth Performance in Stiped catfish (Pangasius sp.) Aquaculture
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating Moringa leaf flour and maggot flour into feed on the growth performance of stiped catfish (Pangasius sp.). The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications: A (control), B (25% Moringa leaf flour + 5% maggot flour), C (20% Moringa leaf flour + 10% maggot flour), D (15% Moringa leaf flour + 15% maggot flour), E (10% Moringa leaf flour + 20% maggot flour), and F (5% Moringa leaf flour + 25% maggot flour). ANOVA results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on absolute length and weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), and specific growth rate (SGR), but no significant effect on survival rate (SR) (P>0.05). Treatment D produced the best growth performance, with an absolute length of 2.06±0.34 cm, absolute weight of 3.91±0.50 g, survival rate of 100.0±0.00%, feed efficiency of 62.34±7.65%, feed conversion ratio of 1.62±0.19, and specific growth rate of 1.69±0.22% per day. Based on the 45-day study, combining 15% Moringa leaf flour and 15% maggot flour in treatment D yielded the best results for stiped catfish growth parameters.
Administration of a Combined Probiotic Feed Containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Bacillus coagulans on Growth Performance and Molting Frequency in Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.)
The black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) is one of Indonesia’s leading aquaculture commodities; however, its production has declined due to various factors affecting growth, such as feed quality and environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating the probiotics Streptococcus thermophilus and Bacillus coagulans to shrimp feed on growth performance, feed efficiency, and molting frequency of black tiger shrimp. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments: one control (no probiotic addition) and five probiotic treatments at a dose of 15 mL/kg of feed, these treatments were as follows: A (control), B (100% S. thermophilus), C (100% B. coagulans), D (50% S. thermophilus and 50% B. coagulans), E (75% S. thermophilus and 25% B. coagulans), and F (25% S. thermophilus and 75% B. coagulans). Measured parameters included absolute body length, absolute body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed efficiency (FE), and molting frequency. The results indicated that treatment with B. coagulans (Treatment C) had a significant effect on absolute weight, specific growth rate, and survival rate, but no significant effect on FCR, FE, and molting frequency. In conclusion, the addition of B. coagulans to shrimp feed shows potential in enhancing growth performance in Penaeus monodon.
Production Management of White Snapper Lates calcarifer Reared in Floating Net Cage
The cultivation of white snapper Lates calcarifer, also known as sea bass or barramundi, is gaining popularity in commercial aquaculture because of its fast growth and ease of maintenance. This study explores various aspects of white snapper farming in floating net cages (KJA) in Indonesia, a region where the species thrives in coastal waters and estuaries. Government support for marine aquaculture, particularly for white snapper, has contributed to increased production to meet the rising domestic and international demand. This research focuses on site preparation, seed stocking, feeding, water quality management, and disease prevention. The results indicated that maintaining optimal water conditions, careful feeding strategies with a mix of pellet and trash fish, and regular health monitoring are essential for successful cultivation. A key challenge is the prevention of benedeniasis, a parasitic infection managed through hydrogen peroxide treatments. The findings emphasize the importance of efficient farming practices to enhance productivity and profitability while ensuring environmental sustainability. The information provided serves as a reference for aquaculture business operators and contributes to the advancement of white snapper farming in Indonesia.
Application of Cat’s Whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus ) Leaf Extract in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Treatment using environmentally friendly natural materials, such as Orthosiphon aristatus (cat’s whiskers) leaf extract, can inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila in Tambaqui juvenile (Colossoma macropomum). This study aimed to determine the effect of Orthosiphon aristatus leaf extract on Tambaqui juvenile infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and to identify the optimal concentration based on blood profile responses during treatment. The research was conducted from April to May 2024 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of five treatments and four replications. The extract concentrations were as follows: Treatment A (control), B (2 ppt), C (3 ppt), D (4 ppt), and E (5 ppt), administered via immersion. The clinical symptoms observed after treatment indicated that the extract had a positive effect on the fish: they regained active swimming behavior, feeding response improved, red patches faded, mucus secretion decreased, and scales returned to normal. Abdominal swelling subsided, and eye conditions normalized. ANOVA results showed a significant difference in survival rate (P<0.05), with the highest survival observed in Treatment D (4 ppt), at 86.75 ± 5.31%. In conclusion, Orthosiphon aristatus leaf extract at a concentration of 4 ppt provided the best outcomes in terms of clinical symptoms, survival rate, leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, and hemoglobin levels, indicating its potential as an antibacterial agent for Tambaqui juvenile.
Survival and Growth of Sumatran Featherback (Chitala hypselonotus, Bleeker 1852) Reared on Net Cages
The Sumatran featherback (Chitala hypselonotus, Bleeker 1852) is a high-value freshwater fish species in South Sumatra. The local name for this species is belida or belido. In its natural habitat, the population of this species has declined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival, growth, and feed efficiency of C. hypselonotus reared in net cages. This study was conducted from June to August of 2024 in Putak River, Putak Village, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency. C. hypselonotus was reared in net cages (1x1x1 m) for 30 days and fed with live shrimp (Caridina sp.). The experimental method utilizes a comparative study approach. The present study compared two distinct treatments, each with a feeding rate of 3% and 5%, respectively. Each treatment was repeated three times. The data were tabulated with the assistance of the Microsoft Excel 2020 program and subsequently analyzed using the t-test. The results demonstrated that the survival rate of C. hypselonotus was 100% for both treatments. Growth in body weight and total length in the 5% treatment was superior to that of the 3% treatment; however, the t-test results were not significant (P < 0.05). The results of this study provide a starting point for future investigations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muslim Muslim, Alharis Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Ectoparasites on Hatchery Business of Red Tilapia Oreochromis sp. in Klaten, Central Java
Tilapia fish hatchery in Klaten uses the Dengkeng River as a water source for fish hatchery. The polluted water quality of the Dengklek River has an effect on the increasing number of ectoparasites that can infest tilapia seeds. The purpose of this study to evaluate the effect of ectoparasites on red tilapia in Klaten area, Central Java. This research was conducted at the Freshwater Fish Seed Work Unit, Loka Janti, Klaten. The research sample used red tilapia seeds Oreochromis niloticus measuring ±4-6 cm. Fish sampling was carried out randomly at the Freshwater Fish Seeding Work Unit Loka Janti, Klaten. Sampling was taken as many as 5 samples from 28 semi-permanent ponds. Physical and ectoparasite examinations were carried out on tilapia seeds. The data analyzed included water quality, epidemiology, parasite count measurements, specific growth rates, financial values, and Sensitivity Analysis. Ectoparasites can affect tilapia cultivation activities and cause losses. Fortunately, the ectoparasites in Loka Janti did not cause harm. Tilapia hatchery harvest size 2–3 cm with a selling price of Rp75.00 fish-1 resulted in an income of Rp426.062.70,00 and a profit of Rp71.814.554,00. The R/C ratio obtained is 1,20, and the payback period is 4,4 years.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Vocational in Aquaculture (JAVA)
The Effect of Different Live Feeds on the Growth Performance of Wild Betta Betta channoides Fry
Wild betta fish Betta channoides is an endemic species from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Currently, wild betta Betta channoides is classified as a species threatened with extinction due to a declining population, caused by environmental damage to its natural habitat. This damage is driven by the construction of the new capital city in East Kalimantan, deforestation for oil palm plantations, and overfishing to meet trade demands. To preserve the existence of Betta channoides, domestication efforts are necessary. Depok Ornamental Fish Cultivation Research Institute has been working on cultivating this species since 2019. However, one of the current challenges is the suboptimal growth of larvae due to the lack of knowledge of suitable life feeds for accelerating fish growth. The aim of this study is to enhance the growth of wild betta fish Betta channoides larvae by providing different types of life feeds. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates: Artemia sp. (K), bloodworms (CD), silk worms (CS), and water fleas (KA). Data were analyzed using SPSS with Duncan's test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that feeding with silk worms yielded the optimum outcomes for absolute length growth 0.780 ± 0.020 cm, absolute weight growth 0.272 ± 0.005 g, and survival rate 93.33 ± 5.773%. The data indicated that silk worm treatment had a significant effect compared to the control, bloodworms, and water fleas. The study concluded that different feeds significantly affect growth performance and survival rates, with silk worms producing the highest results.
Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Feed Cost per Gain of Juvenile Redclaw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Fed Different Commercial Diets
Aquaculture production is greatly influenced by species growth, feed efficiency, and feed costs. This study aims to evaluate different commercial diets on growth performance, feed efficiency, and feed cost per gain of juveniles redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. The study used three treatments triplicate, consisting of Diet A (commercial diet with crude protein 40%), Diet B (commercial diet with crude protein 41%), and Diet C (commercial diet with crude protein 41%). The initial crayfish, with sizes of 0,24 ± 0,03 g and 2,1 ± 0,1 cm, were stocked in nine glass tanks (100 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm) with a stocking density of 50 crayfish m-2 for 60 days. The crayfish were fed twice daily at 07.00 and 17.00 WIB under a restricted feeding rate of 3% of biomass. The result shows that the final weight, average daily growth, specific growth rate feed conversion ratio, protein retention, and protein efficiency ratio did not differ in each treatment (P>0,05). Besides, the feed cost per gain (FCG) showed that diet B and diet C were better than diet A (P<0,05), with values ​​of IDR 27,679±2,378 kg-1 and IDR 26,579±2,624 kg-1, respectively, which means those treatments having better economic value. So, This study concluded that commercial diet C is recommended as feed for redclaw crayfish because it is more economical.
Dynamics of Phytoplankton Abundance on the Growth of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Fluctuations in various pond water quality parameters can lead to low survival rates and suboptimal shrimp growth, ultimately affecting production targets. One of the factors influencing the water quality is the presence of phytoplankton. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of phytoplankton abundance and composition, as well as their impact on the specific growth rate of Pacific whiteleg shrimp. The method consisted of water sampling, identification and calculation of phytoplankton abundance, water quality measurement, and shrimp growth sampling. The abundance of phytoplankton in the B5 pond ranged from 4.78±4.35 × 105 mL-1 cells. The abundance of phytoplankton in the B6 pond was approximately 4.14±2.14 × 105 mL-1 cells. Phytoplankton abundance in the B7 pond ranged from 5.05±3.57 × 105 mL-1 cells. The abundance of phytoplankton in all ponds fluctuated, and the composition of phytoplankton was in accordance with the standards for all three ponds. Based on the results of the Pearson correlation test, there was no direct relationship between phytoplankton abundance and the specific growth rate.
Pathogenicity test of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei
One of the common diseases affecting the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture is vibriosis, caused by infection with Vibrio species, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Certain strains of V. parahaemolyticus that carry the PirA and PirB toxins are responsible for causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). This study aimed to assess the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus in P. vannamei using bacterial isolates from different sources. A challenge test was conducted using P. vannamei with an average weight of 0.9±0.1 g, exposed to bacterial concentrations of 104 CFU/mL, as determined by lethal concentration 50% (LC50). The experiment followed a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates: a control group (K) of uninfected shrimp, shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus from Tasikmalaya, West Java (Vp-1), and shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus from Situbondo, East Java (Vp-2). Parameters observed included the confirmation of V. parahaemolyticus and AHPND via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mortality rate, clinical symptoms, bacterial load, and immune response indicators, including total haemocyte count, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, phenoloxidase activity, and histopathological examination of the hepatopancreas and intestines. Both Vp-1 and Vp-2 isolates were identified as V. parahaemolyticus AHPND strains, infecting shrimp with clinical signs such as pale hepatopancreas, empty intestines, and lethargic movement. Tissue damage, including extensive necrosis in the hepatopancreas and intestines, was observed, leading to mortality rates of 73.33-81.67% with an average time to death ranging from 24.28 to 65.44 hours postinfection.