Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan (Journal of Animal Production and Processing Technology) p-ISSN : 2303-2227 e-ISSN : 2615-594X Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan is published three times a year in January, June, and October by Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI). Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan as the open access journal has been indexed by Science and Technology Index (SINTA), Garuda, Dimensions, Google Scholar, EuroPub, SciSpace, WorldCat, EBSCO, Discovery, AGRIS FAO, and BASE. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan is currently an accredited journal under SINTA 3 category by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) under Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic Indonesia as stipulated in the Decree No. 30/E/KPT/2019. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan focuses on original research and reviews related to tropical and domesticated animals, including endemic Indonesian species. It emphasizes animal production, reproduction, genetics, welfare, product technology, and livestock socio-economics. Starting from Volume 11, Issue number 1 (January 2023), all papers are published in English. Authors are required to submit their papers in English.
Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)
Improvement of The Physical Quality of Local Beef with Different Wet Aging Period
Local cattle in Indonesia generally have lower productivity and meat quality, so fulfilling high-quality meat needs still relies on imported supplies. The study aims to explore the potential of lower-quality local beef to be aged so that the quality of local meat can be improved with parameter observed WBSF value, pH value, water binding capacity and percentage of cooking loss. This study used the wet aging method and the chosen samples of Bali cattle, Ongole crossbred cattle and Simmental crossbred cattle with aging periods of 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. Data were analyzed using a split plot split in time design. The results showed that aging improves the physical qualities of the beef, namely a significant decrease in WBSF value, while pH value, water binding capacity and percentage of cooking shrinkage were still within the standard value range despite changes observed within the aging period. Bali cattle achieved tender category (3.9-4.4 kg cm-2) at 14 days aging period (4.08 kg cm-2), while Ongole and Simmental crossbreds achieved tender category at 21 days aging period (4.27 and 3.76 kg cm-2, respectively)
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Phytochemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of Pineapple-Fermented TrigonaHoney from Indonesian Tropical Nectar Sources
Trigona honey is a stingless bee product rich in secondary metabolites and recognized for its antioxidant properties. Pineapple also contains bioactive phytochemicals. Therefore, their combination through fermentation has the potential to produce a functional product. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Trigona honey fermented with pineapple for seven days. The honey originated from nectar nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), and durian (Durio zibethinus). Analyses included pH, moisture, alcohol content, sugar profile, total phenolics, saponins, and antioxidant activity. Fermentation decreased pH due to microbial acid production and increased moisture. Glucose and sucrose declined from 6.13% and 4.83% on day 4 to 3.99% and 1.47% on day 7, respectively. Alcohol content rose to 6.21% w/w, indicating active Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism. Total phenolic content decreased from 1.508 to 0.541 mg TAE/g on day 4 and rose slightly to 0.707 mg TAE/g on day 7. Saponin content dropped from 573.16 to 147.66 mg KOH/g on day 4, increasing to 429.84 mg KOH/g on day 7. Antioxidant activity rose significantly from 3.17% to 24.36%. These results show that seven day fermentation enhances antioxidant activity while modifying honey’s phytochemical properties, making it a potential functional product from tropical Indonesia.
Physical Characteristics and Sensory Properties of Tofu Nuggets with The Addition of Cheddar Cheese and Eri Pupae Cheese
The increasing demand for nutritious food has driven innovations such as tofu nuggets, yet their bland taste and limited sensory appeal remain a challenge. The addition of cheddar cheese can enhance flavor, while eri pupae provide high protein and sustainability benefit, making eri pupae cheese a promising ingredients to improve both sensory quality and nutritional value. This study evaluate the physical and sensory characteristics of tofu nuggets with the addition of cheddar and eri pupae cheese. Five formulations were tested, including control and combinations with 5% and 10% cheddar or eri pupae cheese. Physical parameters such as pH and water activity (aw), and sensory attributes, including color, odor, taste, texture, and overall preference, were assessed using hedonic and hedonic quality tests with 35 semi-trained panelists. Results showed that adding cheddar and eri pupae cheese significantly increased pH (P<0.05), while aw remained unchanged. Nuggets with 10% eri pupae cheese (P5) obtained the highest scores for color, texture, and overall liking, due to natural pigments and emulsifying properties, while taste remain unchanged. These findings suggest that combining cheddar and eri pupae cheese can enhance the sensory quality of tofu nuggets, supporting the use of alternative proteins in sustainable food innovation.
Effects of Chromium, Zinc, and Lemuru Oil Supplementation on the DigestiveSystem and Internal Organs of IPB D1 Chicken
The increasing demand for chicken meat in Indonesia has encouraged the development of superior local chickens such as IPB D1, which have the ability to utilize local feed and exhibit rapid growth. This study aimed to determine the role of zinc, chromium, and lemuru oil supplementation on the digestive system development and internal organs functionality of IPB D1 chickens. A total of 100 twelve-weekold IPB D1 chickens were assigned to four treatment groups: control (P0), feed supplemented with zinc and chromium (P1), feed supplemented with lemuru oil (P2), and feed supplemented with zinc, chromium, and lemuru oil (P3). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, and significant differences were analyzed using Tukey’s post hoc test. The findings revealed no significant impact of supplementation on the relative length of the digestive tract. Nonetheless, a significant increase in the percentage of gallbladder weight was observed in the P3 group (0.09%–0.13%). In contrast, the heart weight percentage was significantly reduced compared to the control group (0.48%–0.58%). These results indicate that combined supplementation of zinc, chromium, and lemuru oil may modulate lipid metabolism and cardiovascular function in IPB D1 chickens. Further investigations are required to establish optimal dosages and assess the long-term implications on the performance of IPB D1 chickens.
Sustainability Assessment and Strategies Development for Individual LivestockRearing in Cikedung District, Indramayu Regency, West Java
Individual livestock farmers in Cikedung Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, play a crucial role in supporting national beef production. However, they encounter significant challenges, including limited technological access, weak management efficiency, restricted market access, and minimal institutional support. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of individual rearing systems using the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis method through the Rap-UPTS model, covering five dimensions: economic, socio-cultural, ecological, legal-institutional, and technological-infrastructure. A total of 15 respondents were involved, and the analysis employed leverage and Monte Carlo techniques. Findings revealed a “less sustainable” status, with the highest score in the ecological dimension (49.80) and the lowest in the legal-institutional dimension (37.61). The model was deemed valid, with a stress value of 0.133 and an R² of 0.95. Strengthening institutional support and enhancing human resource capacity are key strategies for improving sustainability in smallholder livestock systems.
Marketing Research for Market Share Development of Retail Feed Products in The Jabodetabek Area
Market research has the main function of understanding products, evaluating, predicting, knowing consumer needs and wants, so that companies can find product gaps that can be developed in the long term. This study aims to evaluate marketing strategies by understanding consumer behavior, evaluating consumer behavior and preferences (Understanding), and evaluating consumer needs and wants (Predicting). evaluating the current position of retail feed products (Controlling) and market share progress. The method used is primary data collection through surveys, interviews and direct observations conducted at Shops or Poultry Shops in the Jabodetabek area, while secondary data is taken from the sales report sources at PT New Hope Indonesia (NHI). Based on information from the results of market research, it can be a basis for determining what retail feed products need to be marketed, namely retail feed for native broiler chickens, roosters, hybrid meat ducks and quail, this is proven by the sales volume of retail feed products, namely native chickens, increased by 8-10%, roosters 107%, meat ducks 20%, and quail 20% compared to 2021 when market research was conducted. The conclusion of the market research conducted indicates that a research-based approach can help feed companies to be more adaptive to market dynamics and consumer needs, thereby supporting market share growth in the Jabodetabek area.
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Strategy for Fulfill Beef Demand in Samarinda Through Development of Livestock Stakeholder Potential
The demand for beef as a source of animal protein in Samarinda City continues to increase in line with population growth and changes in consumption patterns. However, local production has not been able to meet the demand, leading to a heavy reliance on external supplies, which poses a major challenge. This study aims to analyze the potential development of livestock stakeholders to achieve self-sufficiency in meeting beef demand. Using a survey method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires involving forty nine respondents, including farmers, slaughterhouses, government representatives, traders, and consumers. The analysis, using the Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results (SOAR) approach, reveals that optimizing stakeholder potential such as enhancing farmer capacity, modernizing production facilities, and fostering synergy between the government and the private sector can improve the independence and sustainability of the livestock sector. The formulated strategies include restricting livestock traffic from outside the region, strengthening farmer capacity, and enhancing facilities and stakeholder collaboration. The implementation of these strategies expected to support food security, stabilize prices, and reduce dependence on external supplies.
Performance of Kalung Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) Fed with a Combination of Concentrate and Cassava Leaves
Crickets are a promising alternative source of animal protein due to their high levels of amino acids, fatty acids, and protein (61.58%). These nutrients have applications in the pharmaceutical industry, human food, bird feed, and as a substitute for livestock feed, particularly in the form of cricket flour. The Kalung cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) is notable for its rapid growth rate and efficient feed conversion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets combining concentrate with cassava leaves of different maturities on the performance of Kalung crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, consisting of three treatments with five replications each. The treatments were R1= concentrate+young cassava leaves, R2= concentrate+mature cassava leaves, R3= concentrate+cassava leaf stems, with a combination ratio of 1:1.5. The parameters observed include feed consumption, body weight gain, egg production, feed conversion, mortality, and income over feed cost (IOFC). The results showed that no significant differences among treatments in feed intake, weight gain, and mortality. However, significant differences were observed in egg production (0.022±0.011 g/individu/day) and feed conversion (1,88±0.95) with the R1 treatment showing the most favorable results. A diet combining concentrate with young cassava leaves significantly improves the reproductive performance and feed efficiency of Kalung crickets. This combination is recommended for enhancing productivity in Gryllus bimaculatus farming systems.
Evaluation of Sales Patterns of Poultry Antibiotics and Vitamins in The Veterinary Drug Industry: Implications for Farm Health and Sustainability
The growing chicken population in Indonesia reflects the expanding poultry farming industry. To maintain chicken health and treat diseases, vitamins and antibiotics are commonly used, with guidelines for their use changing over time. To understand usage trends, data from PT Tekad Mandiri Citra (TMC) in Bandung is needed. This study evaluates the sales patterns of poultry antibiotics and vitamins in the veterinary drug industry between 2020 and 2022, with a focus on farm health and sustainability. Additionally, a SWOT analysis will be used to replace colistin antibiotics, based on changes to the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 14 of 2017. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2019 for descriptive analysis. The results show that 79% of broiler farms use antibiotics, and 81% use vitamins. In 2022, the most common antibiotics were from the fluoroquinolone group (34%), and the most used vitamins were from the miscellaneous group (35%). The SWOT analysis for 2021-2022 indicates that replacing colistin products has been successful.
Effect of Component and Total Mixed Ration Feeding Systems on In Situ, In Vitro Degradability of Ground Filter Paper, and Ruminal pH in Dairy Bulls
The study was to evaluate the effect of feeding systems on the in situ and in vitro degradability of ground filter paper substrate and ruminal pH level. The experiment used three cannulated dairy bulls. In a 2×2 crossover design, three replications were carried out for every incubated sample. Cattle were fed COMP and TMR feeds twice a day in 2 different treatment groups. The substrate cellulose of Whatman No.1 filter paper was incubated in the rumen fistulated dairy bulls. Rumen fluid samples were collected after 3 hours of morning feeding with a total of 100 mL sampled every 1 h for 24 h. The pH of the rumen fluid was determined using a calibrated pH meter at each sampling interval. The result of the in situ ruminal degradation of the DM, NDF, and ADF at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h was not significantly different. The in vitro gas production volume and fermentation kinetics at each time set were not significantly different. Rumen fluid pH values were not significantly different. However, the TMR group had a higher determination coefficient of 90% than the COMP group, which had 70%. Overall, COMP and TMR feeding did not affect the ruminal degradability capacity of DM, NDF, and ADF in situ techniques. Neither COMP nor TMR feeding affected in vitro gas production. However, those feeding systems can influence microbial activity in the rumen, where TMR has an advantage in maintaining and stabilizing pH levels in the fermentation and digestion of feeds in the rumen.
Effect of Coconut Water on Weight Loss and Physiological Responses of Sheep after Short-Distance Transportation
Transportation can cause stress, which leads to changes in body weight and physiological responses. Coconut water can reduce oxidative stress and improve the physiological response of sheep, as well as maintain hydration and metabolism to prevent weight loss. This study aims to analyze changes in body weight and physiological responses in thin-tailed Sheep given coconut water-based electrolyte solution. A total of 20 male thin-tailed Sheep with an average weight of 21.47 ± 1.47 kg were used in this study. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications: P0 = control (400 ml of water), P1 = 100 ml of coconut water + 300 ml of water, P2 = 200 ml of coconut water + 200 ml of water, and P3 = 300 ml of coconut water + 100 ml of water. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s test. The results showed that the administration of coconut water to thin-tailed Sheep had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on rectal temperature, but had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on body weight loss, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The administration of coconut water to thin-tailed Sheep before transportation can reduce stress and body weight loss after transportation.
Herbal Multivitamins and Probiotic Synergy as a Sustainable Alternative to Antibiotics: Enhancing KUB Chicken Performance During the Grower Period
Antibiotics continue to pose a significant challenge within animal husbandry, as they can lead to residual antibiotics in poultry. Meanwhile, probiotics and herbs have been explored as potential alternative antibiotics to replace their role and promote more sustainable chicken production. The study aims to substitute antibiotics in poultry farming to produce high-performance KUB chickens during the grower period. The research design employed a complete randomized design to assess the variation in production performance of 2,196 KUB chickens (male and female, aged between six to ten weeks), with the treatment groups receiving herbal multivitamins (multivitamins, curcuma extract, amino acids, and electrolytes) and probiotics (containing Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris). The treatments in this study incorporated herbal multivitamins and probiotics, specifically: P0, control (antibiotics); P1, herbal multivitamins; and P2, herbal multivitamins and probiotics. The study was conducted over five weeks, during which the observed variables included feed consumption, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and depletion rate. The findings revealed that the provision of herbal multivitamins and probiotics substantially influenced the performance of KUB chickens during the grower period. The findings indicated that combining herbal multivitamins and probiotics yielded superior performance outcomes (body weight = 805,65 ± 0,92a; FCR = 3,46 ± 0,00 B) compared to other treatments, which could be a substitute for antibiotics in raising KUB chickens.
Integration of Tourism Village to Support the Development of Dairy Cattle Farming in Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency, West Java
Tajurhalang Village has the potential to be developed into a tourism village through the integration of the agricultural sector, dairy cattle farming as the main commodity, and natural attractions. Therefore, an analysis was conducted to assess the potential for developing a tourism village based on the support of several stakeholders, namely farmers, village government, related agencies, and visitors to realize tourism village in Tajurhalang, Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency. The parameters assessed include political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Data collection was carried out using the initial survey method and questionnaire preparation as well as interviews and observations. The prepared questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability prior to data collection. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using PESTLE and descriptive analysis. The research result show that all stakeholders strongly agree based on the perception category. The PESTLE analysis indicates that the collaboration of policy, community participation, technological utilization, and effective management significantly supports the development of rural tourism and supported by the strategic roles of stakeholders. This presents a substantial opportunity for the livestock and rural tourism sectors to be developed in the future.
Physical Properties and Sensory Quality of Roasted Meltique Beef Injected with PalmOil
Meltique beef was created by injecting vegetable oil emulsions into regular beef, but the high cost and oxidation susceptibility of canola oil limit its practicality. Palm oil, characterized by higher stability and local availability, was explored to improve physical properties and sensory qualities. The aim of this reserach was to analyze physical properties and sensory quality of roasted meltique beef injected with palm oil emulsion. Brahman cross sirloin cuts were injected with emulsions comprising oil, water, and soy protein isolate, prepared with different concentrations. The injected meats were grilled for 10 minutes and assessed for pH, texture, cooking loss, and sensory attributes. Results showed that palm oil significantly enhanced texture and sensory properties, with palm oil at higher concentration being the most similar to Wagyu beef in marbling, tenderness, and flavor. The findings indicate that palm oil was a cost-effective and stable alternative to canola oil for producing high-quality meltique beef, offering a viable solution for enhancing local beef products.
Analysis of Transformation the Institutional Economy of Goat Farming as a FarmerOwned Business Entity (BUMP) (Case Study of Farmer Groups in Borobudur District - Magelang Regency)
The capacity of farmer group institutions in Indonesia is expected to be increased to become FarmerOwned Business Entity (BUMP) in order to further empower the farmer group members. This study aimed to analyze the institutional level of goat farmer groups in Borobudur District, Magelang Regency, and the relationship between group business entity indicators and the preparation for BUMP Establishment. The data were enumerated with the Likert scale, with three levels of scoring, using a questionnaire, and the accumulation of the total score was classified into low (120 to 200), moderate (200 to 280), and high (280 to 360). Subsequently, the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis and path analysis were performed. The results of the study indicated that the institutional level of goat farmer groups in Borobudur District, Magelang Regency, was at a moderate level, and there were 2 (two) variables that influence the establishment of BUMP at a 95% confidence level (P<0.05), namely the farmer group’s institutional performance and the farmer group’s institutional organizational management variable. Corrective programs to elevate the farmer business institutional levels in Magelang should emphasize the institutional performance and organizational management aspects as final counsel.
The Development Potential of Bali Cattle Breedling Areas in Smallholder Farms inTinanggea Sub-District, South Konawe Regency
The development of Bali cattle faces challenges, including increasingly limited land for both livestock farming and forage crops. This research aims to assess the potential of Tinanggea District, South Konawe Regency, as a development area for Bali cattle breeding. The field study was conducted from February to March 2023. The research location was selected through purposive sampling, specifically in Tinanggea District, which serves as one of the central regions for Bali cattle seed sources. Respondents were determined using a census method, involving a total of 716 livestock farmers. To analyze the collected data, several analytical approaches were employed, including economic density, farm density, area density, and the Capacity for Increasing Bali Cattle Population (CIBCP). The analysis results revealed that economic density falls into the moderate category with a value of 86.09 Livestock Units (LU) per 1.000 people. Farm density is also categorized as moderate, with a value of 0.27 LU per hectare, while area density is considered low, with a value of 6.27 LU per square kilometer. The combination of livestock density identified as a Development Area (DA) was found in the economic–farm density combination, while the Distribution and Development Area (DDA) was identified in both the economic– area and farm–area combinations. The effective CIBCP value in Tinanggea District still shows potential for an increase of up to 293 LU. At the village level, the effective CIBCP values in Tinanggea District can be grouped into three development categories: high (4 villages), moderate (3 villages), and low (17 villages). Roraya Village has the highest effective CIBCP value, amounting to 116 LU, whereas the village with the lowest value is Telutu Jaya, which has an effective CIBCP of -193 LU
Water Management as A Key Nutrient for Broiler Chickens Performance at CV. Berkah Putra Chicken
Water is one of the essential nutritional components that is very important in broiler chicken maintenance. Chicken drinking water consumption can indicate health or good/bad maintenance management practices. Causes of decreased water consumption include chickens being infected with a disease, environmental conditions that are too cold, uneven number and distribution of drinking places, dirty chicken drinking places, and poor water quality, especially seen from the physical water (clarity and color of the water). Observations were made by collecting data through direct observation in the field with data collection instruments in the form of observation and interviews. Observations were carried out by collecting data through direct observation in the field with data collection instruments in the form of observation, interviews and variables measured, namely testing drinking water for chickens, body weight (g/head), feed consumption (g/head), depletion (%) feed conversion, performance index and profit. Observation results showed that water quality and quantity were proven to have a significant impact on chicken productivity according to the age and body weight of the chicken. The results obtained after water treatment were that the E.coli and salmonella levels in nipple water were below the E.coli standard <50/ml Salmonella <0/ml and the performance index obtained at the Mansur farm was 501, the Khomer farm was 413 and the palm oil farm was 471 as well as profits produced with good water quality is greater IDR. 8,623 per head, while water quality that is not good gets a smaller profit of IDR 1,973/chicken.
Performa Produksi dan Reproduksi Ayam Sentul dengan Konsentrasi IgY Berbeda dalam Serum Darah
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different IgY concentrations on the production performance and quality of semen sentul cocks with different total IgY in serum. This research used 20 sentul cocks with 4 month age consisted of 10 cocks with high IgY concentration and 10 cocks with low IgY concentration. Variabels observed included production performance (feed consumption, weight gain of feed conversion, final body weight, mortality) and quality semen (macroscopic and microscopic). Study was designed using completely randomized design (RAL) with 2 treatments. All treatments were repeated 10 times. The results started that IgY concentrations treatment did not affect DMA production performance and quality of semen, but signicantly affecting (p<0.05) mass movement of spermatozoa.
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Kajian Kualitas Produk Susu Pasteurisasi Hasil Penerapan Rantai Pendingin
The production chain of fresh milk pasteurized milk with different quality of cold chain has an influence on physicochemical and microbiological quality. The objective of this study is to assessment the quality of pasteurized milk products as results of applying the cold chain. The research was conducted on pasteurized milk production chain from farm to consumer consisting of dairy farms of Cibungbulang Livestock Business Area (KUNAK), milk processing unit of SUA Fapet, and street food outlet. Analysis of the quality of fresh milk and pasteurized milk include physicochemical analyzes such as pH, density, fat, protein, dry matter, and nonfat dry matter as well as microbiological quality analyzes such as Total Plate Count, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. It can be concluded that physicochemical qualities include pH, specific gravity, fat, protein, dry matter, and nonfat dry matter and microbiological quality including Total Plate Count, Escheriachia coli and Staphylococcus aureus influenced by production chains with different cold chain quality (P <0.05) .
Gambaran Eritrosit Ayam Broiler Dengan Waktu Tempuh Transportasi dan Level Pemberian ZnSO4 Berbeda
Transportation of broiler chickens in Indonesia from cage to traditional slaughterhouse has the potential to cause stress because it does not heed the elements of animal welfare. Thus, this study aims to examine the impact of transport time to hematological value with ZnSO4 given in broiler chickens. The research design used was Randomized Block Design (RAK) of factorial with two treatment factors. Treatment factors are transport time (1, 2, and 3 hours) and supplementation of ZnSO4 (0, 80, and 160 ppm). Total of 144 male broiler chickens aged 4 weeks were the object of observation. Transportation performed in the early morning. Parameters studied were hematology value which are consists of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, and erythrocyte index. The data analysis was done statistically using IBM SPSS version 20. Transport time proved to affect hematological value of birds seen from the changes, which are decrease of erythrocyte count and hematocrit values. Birds were indicated microcytic anemia based on low MCV value. Supplementation of ZnSO4through drinking water at 80 and 160 ppm for 7 days prior to slaughter was able to maintain hemoglobin and MCH as well as MCHC of birds up to 2 hours of transport time.
Improving Broiler Chicken Farming Management in Closed Houses
Genetic improvements in broiler chickens represent a major advancement in the poultry industry. Through selective breeding techniques, broiler chickens now exhibit remarkably fast growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. Observations were conducted by comparing data from the previous period with suboptimal management and the new period with optimal management. The Coops with good management were observed over one period (approximately 6 weeks). The result were made by comparing the data between the suboptimal management with the improved management, and both sets of data were compared with the international Cobb 2021 standards. The measured variables included: depletion (%), feed consumption (g/bird), body weight (g/bird), feed conversion, performance index, and profit. Improvements in environmental conditions or milieu (temperature, humidity, feed management, water, ventilation, and litter) resulted to more optimal production performance. Depletion, feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion met the company’s standards (body weight 2.5 kg, feed conversion 1.45, and performance index 450). The final performance was categorized as excellent, with a performance index of 512. Additionally, the profit from the new management was higher at Rp. 9,772 per bird than the old management Rp. 2,570 per bird.
Sustainability Analysis of Bali Cattle Farming (Bos Javanicus) in Tebo District
Tebo Regency is known as one of the centers for beef cattle farming in Jambi Province. Raising Balinese cattle on people’s farms is dominated by local cattle, especially Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). The study aims to stop the business index for Bali cattle farming integrated with oil palm plantations in Tebo Regency on intensive and extensive rearing patterns. This research uses a survey method, a longing index using a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach called Rap-CP (Cattle Palm), a modified approach from the rapfish program. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) RAP-CP method (palm cattle). The results of the analysis of the inventory index values for the economic, legal-institutional, technological-infrastructural, socio-cultural and ecological dimensions of intensive and widespread maintenance patterns, respectively in the categories entirely sustainable (68.72) and very sustainable (88.44), entirely sustainable (67.05) and less sustainable (40.67), entirely sustainable (55.34) and less sustainable (32.87), less sustainable (39.94) and less sustainable (37.04), quite sustainable (52.46) and entirely (74.41). The results of sustainability index analysis indicate that Tebo Regency has sustainable potential for establishing a Bali cattle farming enterprise using an extensive rearing system.
Characteristics of Quail Carcass and Non Carcass Fed A Diet with Black Soldier Fly Maggot Flour
Feed is a crucial factor in enhancing quail (Coturnix-coturnix Japonica) productivity. A Frequently used protein source in quail feed is Meat Bone Meal (MBM). However, MBM is an imported product, making it relatively expensive. An alternative to MBM is utilizing locally sourced feed ingredients, such as black soldier fly maggot. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of quail carcasses and non-carcass components from quails fed a diet containing black soldier fly maggot meal. The observed variables include slaughter weight, carcass weight, and its percentage, non-carcass weight and its percentage, commercial cut weight, and carcass percentage, as well as the weight and proportion of both edible and non-edible carcass components. The quail hens used in this study were aged 44-50 weeks and in their laying period. The research process included producing and managing black soldier fly maggot meal, preparing feed, setting up and maintaining cages, slaughtering, as well as cutting and deboning the carcasses. The treatment applied was R0 (feed with the primary protein source being MBM) and R1 (feed with the primary protein source of black soldier fly maggot). The collected data were analyzed using a two-sample t-test. The result showed that quail fed with black soldier fly meal as the primary protein source had no significant impact on slaughter weight, carcass and non-carcass percentage, commercial cut percentage, or the proportion of edible and non-edible parts. The conclusion of this study is that maggot can be used as an alternative protein source in feed as a substitute for MBM because quails fed with black soldier fly maggot flour as th eprimary protein source produced carcass and non carcass characteristics similar to those of quails fed with MBM as the main protein source.
Maintenance Model and Bali Cattle Density in the Development Center of South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
The maintenance model and cattle density of Bali cattle in a central development region can influence the region’s capacity to accommodate the developed Bali cattle. Therefore, regions capable of managing good maintenance models and cattle density management are crucial to enhancing the competitiveness of Bali cattle. The purpose of this research is to analyze the cattle-raising model and the density of Bali cattle in the development center of South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The research was conducted from June to August 2024. The research location was determined using purposive sampling in South Konawe Regency, focusing on four priority districts for Bali cattle development: Baito, Palangga, Buke, and Tinanggea, with 240 respondents being Bali cattle farmers. The research results indicate that based on the economic density parameter, the value is 107.60 ST (high), farming density is 0.19 ST (moderate), and regional density is 8.19 ST (low). According to the combinations of livestock density, the farming-region combination has a value of 4, while the economy-farming combination and economyregion combination both have a value of 3. In terms of the rearing model, 71% of Bali cattle are raised using a semi-intensive system, while 29% are raised intensively. Additionally, the combined rearing pattern of breeding and fattening accounts for 64%, with fattening alone at 36%. Thus, the livestock density in South Konawe Regency indicates that the economic density still has potential for developing Bali cattle. The farming density is still very capable of accommodating more Bali cattle than currently present, and the regional density offers significant opportunities for Bali cattle development. The areas of distribution and development exist within the farming-region combination, while development areas are found within the economy-farming and economy-region combinations. The predominant rearing model is semi-intensive, while the breeding model is combined with fattening.
Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Organoleptic Characteristics of Cookies During Storage with Egg Yolk Powder Formulation
Drying technology is one method of preserving eggs by converting them into egg yolk powder. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical, microbiological and organoleptic characteristics of cookies made with egg yolk powder formulation over storage periods of 0, 15, and 30 days. The experimental design used a single factor of storage duration (0, 15, and 30 days) with analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the effect of storage time with a 95% confidence interval. Cookies with egg yolk powder formulation showed changes in both physicochemical (pH, Aw, water content and texture) and microbiological values during the storage period. There was an increase in water activity and water content of the cookies, while a decrease was observed in pH and breaking strength. The microbiological changes in the cookies still met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for cookies up to day 30 of storage. The organoleptic test results indicated that cookies with egg yolk powder formulation were generally well-received, with characteristics of color, aroma, texture, and taste falling within the range of like to favorably liked.
Strategy for Development of Cattle Breeding and Reproductive Businesses in the Cikedung People’s Livestock Area
Cikedung District, a region with significant livestock potential, has yet to be comprehensively evaluated regarding cattle production and reproductive performance, agricultural waste utilization, cattle population, and rearing pattern diversity (intensive and semi-intensive). This study aims to formulate development strategies for local cattle breeding enterprises in the Cikedung area. Data were collected through observations and analyzed using the SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) framework and the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The findings indicate that the development of cattle breeding businesses in Cikedung is influenced by internal factors, including production performance, calf births, and increased availability of green fodder, as well as external factors, such as marketing technology and expanded market access. The priority strategies identified are (1) enhancing sales and marketing, (2) standardizing livestock quality, and (3) strengthening the capacity of livestock farmers to produce higherquality cattle at competitive prices, thereby increasing farmers income. Key recommendations include adopting group-based livestock management approaches, expanding market access, optimizing the use of livestock resources, and fostering collaborations with government entities and stakeholders to advance cattle breeding initiatives in Cikedung.
Supplementation of Brotowali Stem Meal (Tinospora Crispa L) in the Diet on Performance, and Organ Immunity of Hybrid Ducks Gunsi 888
The management of microbial infections in poultry farming continues to be largely antibiotic-dependent. Despite this, the application of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) in poultry feed has been banned, necessitating the use of herbal feed additives such as Brotowali (Tinospora crispa). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Brotowali stem meal on the performance and immune organs of hybrid ducks. A total of 200 hybrid ducks Gunsi 888 were used in this study, reared from 11 to 46 days of age. The ducks were fed either a basal diet as a control (P1) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Brotowali stem meal (P2), 1% (P3), and 1.5% (P4). The observed immune organs included the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen. The study was conducted in Bogor, West Java, while the an analysis of Brotowali’s phytochemical properties was conducted at the Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center of IPB University. All collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with SPSS version 25. The results showed that Brotowali stem meal had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the immunity of hybrid ducks. However, Brotowali stem meal significantly (P<0.05) improved the performance of hybrid ducks, as evidenced by increased body weight and decreased feed conversion ratios. In conclusion, Brotowali can enhance the performance of hybrid ducks, and it does not affect the stress levels of the livestock.
Contamination of Salmonella spp. on Chicken Carcasses and their Risk Contributing Factors during Supply Chain in Jakarta
The consumption of chicken meat by consumers in Jakarta is very high, which is in line with the high supply of it. Salmonella spp. is pathogenic bacteria which is frequently found in chicken carcasses and can cause food borne disease. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp contamination on chicken carcasses and critical factors during distribution chain in Jakarta. The study was conducted based on the risk based approach compiled surveillance data, quantitative analysis of Salmonella spp., survey of good handling, constructed risk ranking and analysis sensitivity. Quantitative analysis determined by plate count method with using selective media XLT4 agar as Salmonella presumptive. Risk profile was involved risk-ranking and sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation of 100,000 iterations from Oracle Crystal Ball®. The highest prevalence of Salmonella in chicken carcasses is showed from traditional markets (41.86%) with amount was 1.09 ± 0.12 log CFU/g; then is followed from TPHU distribution (17.65%) with amount was 1.92± 1.11 log CFU/g. The risk contributing factors were the non-fulfillment of temperature of transportation from TPHU (12.3% contribution) and the unproper equipment’s cleaning method in traditional market (33.2% contribution). These were the most important aspects to be controlled.
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Measurement and Improvement of Fresh Milk Supply Chain Performance (Case Study of XYZ Farmers Group, Bogor Regency)
The challenges in the small-scale dairy industry often stem from outdated business management practices and a lack of comprehensive performance evaluation. This study adopts a structural approach by analyzing the performance of the fresh milk supply chain within Farmers Group XYZ, located in Bogor Regency. We employed the SCOR and AHP methods for our performance analysis. Data were garnered through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The findings reveal that the overall performance of the fresh milk supply chain was moderate, with performance scores of 84.25% for feed suppliers, 77.47% for Farmers Group XYZ, and 82.05% for consumers. Notably, areas requiring enhancement include reliability, responsiveness, and cost-efficiency. Consequently, we have developed strategic recommendations aimed at augmenting supply chain effectiveness. These include enhancing the transportation system to ensure timely deliveries (Reliability), shortening order fulfillment times and improving the flexibility to adapt to demand fluctuations (Responsiveness), and optimizing logistics and storage to reduce costs (Cost). Implementing these strategies will bolster collaboration and fortify relationships among suppliers, producers, and consumers, contributing to a more robust dairy industry.
Knowledge, Perception, and Behavior of Business Consumers towards Meltique Meat in the City and District of Bogor
Meltique meat is a type of meat that undergoes a special process that involves injecting fat into the muscle fibers of the meat. Business consumers use Meltique meat as an alternative to Wagyu meat because it is affordable but has similar characteristics to Wagyu meat. This study aims to analyze the relationship of meat knowledge and perception to business consumer behavior in the Bogor area. This study used 60 samples of food business consumers hotels, restaurants, catering, supermarkets, traditional markets, and meat suppliers in the Bogor area. The questionnaire results were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test to determine the relationship between knowledge and perceptions of business consumer behavior. The results showed that there was a strong unidirectional relationship between knowledge and perception of meltique meat on business consumer behavior in the Bogor area with rs=0.509 and rs=0.531. The significance value of P <0.05 indicates that consumer knowledge and perceptions have a real influence on business consumer purchasing behavior of meltique meat.