Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati

Aktivitas Antimikrob Minyak Atsiri dan Potensinya sebagai Antiseptik

Ira Meylan Nafarah Rakhman — 2024-05-21

Pathogenic bacterial infection is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Essential oil-based antiseptic is needed to prevent pathogenic infection. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their antiseptic potential. The essential oils used were clove oil, patchouli oil, citronella oil, ginger oil, and nutmeg oil. These oils had various antibacterial activities with inhibition zones ranging from 0.3-1.2 cm against Escherichia coli [ATCC 8739], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 15442], and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538], as tested by agar diffusion method. Nutmeg oil had the largest inhibition zone against of three targeted bacteria. Supporting this result, cell viability test showed nutmeg oil in concentration of 500 ppm and 1,000 ppm could inhibit the growth S. aureus up to 62% and 100%, respectively. Analysis of standardized antiseptic based on SNI: EN 1040:2005 proved that nutmeg oil can be used as antiseptic candidate because it was able to reduce the S. aureus more than 5log₁₀ after contact for 1 minute. Our data indicate nutmeg oil can potentially to be applied as an antimicrobial agent and an ingredient of antiseptic products.

Analisis In Vitro Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Aseton dari Ranting Horsfieldia macrothyrsa Menggunakan Beragam Metode

Nur Asnah — 2024-06-22

Horsfieldia macrothyrsa (Miq) Warb. is a plant that contains secondary metabolite compounds that can act as antioxidants. This research aims to determine the antioxidant potential of the acetone extract of the H. macrothyrsa plant by looking at the IC₅₀ value. Twigs of the H. macrothrysa plant were extracted using the maceration method using acetone solvent. The results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method showed very strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 6.348 µg/ml whereas the IC₅₀ value of the standard antioxidant quercetin is and quercetin 1.261 µg/ml. In antioxidant testing using the ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) method, an IC₅₀ value of 12,772 µg/ml was obtained and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) obtained an IC₅₀ value of 7,511 µg/ml. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the acetone extract of H. macrothrysa plant twigs has very strong antioxidant activity towards reducing DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) compared to using the ABTS and FRAP methods.

Karakterisasi Bakteri Tanah Penghasil Enzim Hidrolitik yang Diisolasi dari Pulau Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia

Muhammad Arya Wibowo — 2024-06-22

Soil bacteria are considered a promising source of extracellular enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase, and protease. In this study, 15 bacterial strains isolated from the soil of Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, were preliminary screened for amylolytic, cellulolytic, and proteolytic activities. The present study aimed to characterize cellular morphology, determine hemolytic characteristics, and to screen amylolytic, proteolytic, and cellulolytic activities of bacterial strains isolated from the soil of Muna Island. Based on the Gram staining procedure, 15 bacterial strains exhibited diverse cellular morphologies. Ten out of 15 strains belonged to Gram-positive bacilli, while the others belonged to Gram-negative bacteria (bacilli or cocci). Four strains, encoded as M7, P4, P5, and P7, were hemolytic negative. These potential strains exhibited different capabilities in producing extracellular enzymes. The four strains were capable of producing protease, while amylase and cellulase were only produced by two strains (M7 and P7). These strains have good prospects for further study and development for industrial and biotechnological applications.

Pemanfaatan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) Amilolitik untuk Fermentasi Tepung Terigu dan Gandum

Meisy Nawang Suyono — 2024-06-24

The national demand for carbohydrates in flour continues to increase significantly due to the emergence of contemporary food products that use flour as the primary ingredient. One of the products used in producing food is sourdough, which is fermented flour. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a role in food fermentation by producing lactic acid. Amylolytic LAB can produce amylase enzyme, a biocatalyst in the starch hydrolysis process. One of the products made from the fermentation of wheat flour is sourdough. This study aims to determine the character of amylolytic LAB in wheat and wheat flour fermentation. The research methods include rejuvenation of LAB, selection of isolates, fermentation of starchy materials, and characterization of fermented liquid. The selection of bacteria was based on cell viability and pH, which showed that isolated Pediococcus pentasaceus E1222 could be used as a starter for starchy fermentation. The highest total acid and cell viability were produced in 24-hour wheat and wheat flour fermentation. Fermented wheat flour and flour had the most favorable aroma and texture, and fermented flour had the most favorable taste. Isolate Pediococcus pentasaceus E1222 is an isolate that can be used in making sourdough.

Suhu dan Masa Simpan Benih Memengaruhi Viabilitas Benih Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King.)

Wilda Ulinnuha Kartiko — 2024-06-24

Swietenia macrophylla or big-leaf mahogany is an exotic species from Central and South America. This tree has various benefits, so it’s used as an industrial plantation forest and afforestation in Indonesia. However, seed storage of mahogany is a major problem in cultivation, because it can reduce seed viability. The storability of seeds is influenced by seed and environmental conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of temperature and storage time on the viability of S. macrophylla seeds and to calculate the Seedling Quality Index (SQI). The experiment was carried out using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was consisted of four levels of temperature treatment, namely room temperature (24), 4, 0, and -20°C. The second factor was the storage period treatment which consisted of 4 levels, namely 1 up to 4 weeks, with 1-week intervals. The results showed that the interaction between temperature and storage time affected mahogany leaves, primary and secondary roots, root/shoot ratio, and total wet weight of S. macrophylla seedlings. Mahogany seeds that were stored at room temperature for 1 week resulted in the highest seed viability, with SQI of 0.03-0.04.

Stek Pucuk Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Kultivar IPB CP1 Dapat Menghasilkan Umbi G0 di Dalam Rumah Kaca dan Rumah Kasa di Dataran Menengah

Aris Tjahjoleksono — 2024-06-26

IPB CP1 potato is a raw material for potato chips. The advantage of IPB CP1 potatoes is their high yield. Challenges in potato production are limited areas with optimal altitude and condition as well as low quality and quantity of seeds. Utilizing a mid-altitude area for potato cultivation is one of the solutions to increase potato seed production. This study aimed to compare the growth and production of IPB CP1 G0 seed tuber in a greenhouse and screenhouse in mid-altitude with different numbers of shoot cuttings per polybag. This research was conducted with two factors. The first factor is the use of growth plant houses, i.e. greenhouse and screenhouse. The second factor is the number of shoot cuttings per polybag, i.e. 2 and 3 shoot cuttings per polybag. Growth parameters observed included plant height, number of nodes and leaves, and fresh and dry weight of shoots. The production parameters observed included the number as well as fresh and dry weight of tubers. The growth and production of IPB CP1 potatoes grown in the greenhouse were better than those grown in the screenhouse. The number of cuttings per polybag did not affect the growth and production of IPB CP1 potato.

A Longitudinal Study: Correlation Between Physical Activity and Stress Level Among Undergraduate Students in IPB University

Alfina Zalfa Suryono — 2024-06-28

The COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions on physical activity outside can cause changes in physical activity in humans compared to before the pandemic. Differences in levels of physical activity are frequently associated with changes in stress levels, including in students. However, no longitudinal research has been conducted on the relationship between physical activity and stress levels in undergraduate students using the same respondents in different settings. This study aimed to assess the relationship between physical activity and stress levels in Indonesian students and to assess its consistency under different conditions. The data was collected from 81 undergraduate students in IPB University in two sampling phases: 2021 (during the Covid-19 pandemic) and 2023 (after the pandemic). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the prevalence of physical activity, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PPS) was used to assess students’ perceived stress. The findings revealed that there were no differences in physical activity and stress levels between the two sampling phases. There was no significant relationship between physical activity and stress levels at either sampling time. These findings suggest that stress level at a certain level does not show any link to physical activity of the students.

Eco-Friendly Antifungal from Seven Botanical Extracts and Its Effect To Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Juniarto Gautama Simanjuntak — 2024-06-28

Fusarium oxysporum has been the enemy in agriculture due to the wide range of infections in the whole crop and postharvest. Botanical extracts in traditional medicine systems were considered valuable sources for discovering new antifungals. Thus, exploration to get antifungals from eco-friendly botanical extracts as an alternative to synthetic fungicides needs to be expanded. Therefore, this study aims to test the antifungal potential of seven eco-friendly botanical aquadest extracts against F. oxysporum in vitro. The antifungal potential test was done on PDA media and the mycelial growth data was collected every two days for seven days. There were three antifungal phenomena were observed. The pandan leaf extract had a 4% fungal inhibition zone (phenomenon I). The extract of banana leaf, Hibiscus flower, papaya leaf, guava twig (phenomenon II), orange peels, and betel leaf (phenomenon III) had no values of fungal inhibition zone. Thus, pandan leaves extract revealed a fungal inhibition while other six botanical extracts had not enough antifungal potential in vitro.

Deteksi Konsentrasi Fe, Cu, Zn dan Pb Air Sungai dan Ikan yang Tercemar Air Lindi di Bandar Lampung Dengan Menggunakan SSA

Elisa Nurma Riana — 2024-06-28

Leachate is a pollutant produced by landfills which can pollute the aquatic environment. This will have an impact on fish that live in waters contaminated with leachate and if consumed by the public it will harm health. The toxic effects of leachate are caused by the content of toxic chemicals, one of which is heavy metals. The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in Bakung landfill leachate, Sukamaju river water and fish meat. Bakung landfill leachate samples were taken from two outlet points. The fish sampling location was carried out in the Sukamaju River. The physical factors of water measured are temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, DO, COD and BOD. Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations were measured using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The results show that the physicochemical parameters in leachate and river water exceed the threshold. The contents of Zn, Cu, Fe and Pb in the leachate at both outlet points exceeded the threshold value with values of 2.48 mg/L and 2.80 mg/L; 16.55 mg/L and 17 mg/L; 0.078 mg/L and 0.113 mg/L; 3.26 mg/L and 3.01 mg/L. The concentration of heavy metals Pb and Fe in river water is 0.083-0.162 mg/L and 2.68-2.97 mg/L which are above the quality standard value, while the heavy metal Fe content in fish meat exceeds the specified threshold value, namely 0.557 mg/100 g and 0.564 mg/100 g.

Inventarisasi Awal Liken Langka, Sensitif dan Toleran sebagai Bioindikator Polutan di Kabupaten Belitung Barat

Lisdar I Sudirman — 2024-06-28

The existence and population conditions of the rare, sensitive or tolerant lichens of Lobaria, Coccocarpia, Coenogonium, Dictyonema, Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta, Usnea, Leptogium, and Parmotrema tinctorum are not yet known in West Belitung Regency, so this research needs to be carried out. The method used in this research was exploratory descriptive with survey techniques and purposive sampling. The number of target lichen thallus was calculated from the entire area of the tree trunk with a height of 0-1.5 m. The lichens found in the Gunung Tajam area were Coccocarpia sp. with the highest number of thallus and the highest frequency of thallus (0.8%), followed by Coenogonium sp., Leptogium sp., and Usnea sp. with the same frequency of thallus (0.4%) while in the Batu Mentas area lichens were not found as the research target, but was dominated by fruticose lichen. Parmotrema tinctorum, the tolerant lichen, was not found at either location. The presence of sensitive lichens and the absence of tolerant lichens does not indicate that the locations have good air quality. It is recommended that the lichen population, especially P. tinctorum, be studied further so that air quality can be easily confirmed through the diversity and population of the lichens.

Karakterisasi dan Potensi Acremonium sp. Secara In Vitro Terhadap Cendawan Patogen Fusarium oxysporum

David Irvanto — 2024-06-28

Various natural interactions exist between fungi and plants, including mutualism and pathogenesis. This study evaluated the interaction of fungi Acremonium sp. to plants and pathogenic fungi. Acremonium sp. was isolated from the root tissue of an oil palm plant using surface sterilization methods before isolation. The potential pathogenicity interaction of Acremonium sp. was assayed towards Chinese white cabbage (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis) in vitro. Based on the PDA medium assay, isolated Acremonium sp. exhibited pathogenic traits against Chinese white cabbage within 14 days post-inoculation. Interestingly, Acremonium sp. showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum IPBCC.19.1468, with an average inhibition rate of 69.11%. Our data suggest the pathogenicity interaction of Acremonium sp. toward cabbage plant and fungi F. oxysporum IPBCC.19.1468.

Perilaku Harian Keong Mas Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae)

Aulia Savira — 2024-06-28

P. canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) is a water snail that can be found in Indonesia. P. canaliculata is of concern to the community since it can become a pest in the agricultural sector and harm the community. This study aimed to determine the daily behaviour of P. canaliculata, which is located in Lake SDGs IPB University. The observations used the scan sampling method on 10 adult snails for 24 hours with three times repetitions. The results of this study indicate that P. canaliculata has four dominant behaviours: exploration, social interaction, immobile (fixed), and immobile (loose). In addition, P. canaliculata exhibits other behaviours such as siphoning out, feeding, mating, spawning, burying, exploration, and floating. Water temperature changes also influenced active and inactive behaviours. The observed activity of P. canaliculata snails was mostly carried out in water. P. canaliculata was more active in the dark phase (18.00-06.00) with water temperatures ranging from 29 to 32°C and more inactive in the light phase with water temperatures ranging from 28 to 29°C.