Indonesian Journal of Primatology

Isolation and Biochemical Characterisation of Long-Tailed Macaque Aerobic Gut Bacteria from Tinjil Island, Indonesia

2024-10-01T10:02:18+07:00

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis; LTM) is a common non-human primate used as an animal model in the medical field for its genetic similarity with humans. Maintaining the gut microbiota balance of LTM is crucial to avoid the possibility of disease in LTM caused by dysbiosis. Therefore, this study aims to isolate bacteria from the semi-wild LTM from Tinjil Island to know the diversity of their gut microbiota. We serially diluted four semi-wild LTM fecal samples and spread them onto the nutrient agar medium for bacteria enumeration through Total Plate Count (TPC). Then, we follow Bergey's Manual Determinative of Bacteriology. The bacteria isolates would be identified morphologically and biochemically. The average of total viable bacteria obtained was 1.86 x 10⁹ CFU/g. Aerobic isolation of bacteria from all the samples resulted in 19 isolates of gram-positive bacteria, of which six putative species of Staphylococcus sp., three Bacillus sp., four Micrococcus sp., and four Corynebacterium sp. In general, isolating cultivable fecal microbiota from fecal samples of semi-wild LTM from Tinjil Island has provided an overview of its gut microbiota composition based on limited analytical methods using cultured-dependent methods.

Observation of Leukocyte Differential in Macaca fascicularis

2024-10-01T11:33:54+07:00

Leukocytes play a crucial role in immune defense mechanisms. The differential leukocyte count and morphological examination are commonly used in laboratory test to identify anomalies in leukocytes distribution and detect morphological irregularities. This study aimed to performed a differential leukocyte count using peripheral blood smear samples obtained from 5 Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) bloods. Staining of peripheral blood smears was followed by observation under a light microscope to perform differential leukocyte counts and morphological examination. The differential leukocyte count results showed signs of lymphocytosis and neutropenia in samples AJ400, AB924, and AJ150, which may suggest infections, such as viral or bacterial infections. Additionally, signs of monocytosis showed in samples AB924 and AJ150, possibly attributed to bacteremia or endocarditis. However, the morphological examination showed no abnormalities or immature cells.

Effect of Chlordiazepoxide or Haloperidol Oral Premedication during Midazolam-Ketamine Anaesthesia on Physiological and Blood Gas Parameters in Adult Male Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)

2024-10-01T21:54:13+07:00

Capturing wild animals with minimal stress is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Oral premedicants can ease handling and subsequent anaesthetic administration. This study evaluated anaesthetic protocols and physiological changes during vasectomy in 12 adult male Bonnet Macaques. Group I received 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide, and Group II received 1 mg/kg haloperidol orally four hours before midazolam-ketamine anaesthesia. Sedation quality, induction, maintenance, and recovery were assessed. Physiological and blood gas changes were monitored at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes. Both groups exhibited sedation post-premedication. Induction, maintenance, and anaesthesia depth were similar. Group I had better analgesia, while Group II had superior muscle relaxation. Blood gas analysis indicated mild stress and respiratory acidosis in both groups, with Group II showing more significant hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. Haloperidol-premedicated animals were easier to handle but exhibited increased stress parameters compared to chlordiazepoxide-premedicated animals. Recovery was better in Group I. Both protocols effectively induced sedation and anaesthesia in Bonnet Macaques.