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KAJIAN EKOLOGI POPULASI RUSA SAMBAR (Cervus unicolor) DALAM PENGUSAHAAN TAMAN BURU GUNUNG MASIGIT KAREUMBI (Study on Ecology of Cervus unicolor Population in the Development of Gunung Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park)

Elano Ratag

Theresult of Citra Landsat TM in June 2001 showed that the coverage of land in Gunung Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park area was changed. The area of protected are production forest have respectively decreased by 29.85% and 5.51%. Meanwhile, the result of vegetation analysis showed that there has been found 87 kinds of vegetation, consisting of 44 kinds of plantation and 43 kinds of the forage. Most (63,64%) of the forage which is food resource of rusa sambar is categorized as Poacea family. Notably, the total biomass productivity of forage is 20.790.6 kg/ha/year.
The effective width of area is 6.900.1 ha, while the total of potential grassing of all sp-ecies of forage in Gunung Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park is 47.394.028.5 kg/year. Carrying capacity of this area is 22.780 individuals. Hunting season is after 4 years of population introduced. The number of individuals introduced to fulfil hunting target is 4.280 of adult, consis of 713 males and 3.567 females.

Key words : cervus unicolor, vegetation, carying capacity, hunting target, population

Insecticides Pollution on the Three Water Birds Species (Little Black Cormorant, Little Egret and Javan Pond Heron) in Rice-Field at Sukamandi, Subang, West Java

Lin Nuriah Ginoga

Significant use of insecticide in rice-field by intensification program can directly endanger the environment and sustainability of birds living in the habitat. The objective of the investigation is to study negative impact of insecticide pollution on rice-field environment and on water birds. The research has been conducted on : (1) the diversity of vegetation and macrozoobenthos; (2) insecticide content in water, soil, food, eggs, and tissues of the three water birds species namely little black cormorant, little egret and javan pond heron; and (3) community utilization of insecticide. The research was carried out in Sukamandijaya Village, Ciasem district, under Subang Regency. Samples of eggs and birds were taken from the Sukamandi Rice Research Institute. Purposive sampling application was used in the survey method. The vegetation characteristics in research site include 5 species of weeds in the rice-field and 15 species of weeds in the rice-field dike are also studied. Macrozoobenthos was taken in 20 sampling location consisted of 17 types. Diversity index ranged from 0.469 to 2.689, and water quality of irrigation range from light to high levels pollution. Laboratory analysis were able to detect the presence of 9 types of insecticides consisted of 3 groups, namely : (1) organochlorine (BHC, Aldrin, Endosulfan, Dieldrin, DDT, and Endrin); (2) organophosphat (Chlorpirifos and Diazinon); and (3) Carbamat (Carbofuran). The lowest concentration of insecticide was found in the water, while highest was in the fat tissues of birds. Although the local community recently used only organochlorine (Endosulfan) and other 5 insecticide belonging to this group were detected in the samples. Another group of insecticide used by the community, pirethroid, was not detected in the samples. Results of research further indicated the occurrence of biomagnification starting from the water , soil, food, eggs, and tissues.

Lead Content in Leaves of Wayside Trees on Jalan Sudirman, Bogor

Endes N. Dahlan

Because automobiles emitted lead particles, plants grown at various distances from the road can be contaminated by air-borne lead particles. The deposition of lead particles on the leaf surfaces is defined as lead-adsorption and the entrance of lead particles into laaf tissues through stomata is defined as lead-absorption. The amount of Iead-adsorptLon is mearwed in washed-out water, whiie the amount of lead-absorption is measured in washed leaves.The amount of lead-adsorption is less than leadabmrption. Lead-absorption m old leaves is
commonly higher than in young leaves. The plants which belong to the highest class in lead adsopttioa and absorption are : Aidium gua/avc, Tennidia q p r r and Lugerstroemio specha; belonging to the high class is : Swktenia ntacrophylk to the medium class are : Mangifera indica and Pterocerpus
M a s ; to the low class are : Buuhinia pwpwea and Cmuagium odoratum, and belonging to the lowest class are : Rlicium decipiens, Olnariurn commune, Rcus hirta, Erythrina vanegata and ACP cia mrriculifomis.

POLA DISTRIBUSI, POPULASI DAN AKTIVITAS HARIAN RUSA TIMOR (Cervus timorensis, de Blainville 1822) DI TAMAN NASIONAL BALI BARAT (Distribution, Population and Daily Activities of Timor Deer - Cervus timorensis,de Blainville 1822 in Bali Barat National Park)

Burhanuddin Masyud

Study was carried out to know pattern of population distribution, population size and dailly activities of timor deer (Cervus timorensis, de Blainville 1822) in Bali Barat National Park. The result showed that pattern of population distribution of timor deer were not similar and tend to group based on food and water distribution. There were 23 population groups of timor deer i.e 12 groups at season forest and 11 groups at savanna forest. Total population numbere were 713-1320 heads i.e. fawns are 28 % and adult are 72 %, and sex ratio are 9:4. Time allocation for dailly activities of timor deer in Tanjung Sari grazing area were used for ingesti (52,05 %), resting (30,61 %), moving (6,21 %), investigating (6,12 %) and grroming (5.10 %). Relatively, the study also found different of time allocation for each dailly activities between male and female of timor deer.

Key Words: Timor deer, distribution pattern, population size, daily behavior, national park.

POPULATION AND HABITAT OF JAVAN GREEN PEAFOWL (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) AT ALAS PURWO NATIONAL PARK, EAST JAVA (Populasi dan Habitat Merak Hijau Jawa (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus, 1758) Di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, Jawa Timur)

Jarwadi Budi Hernowo

Kajian terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus, 1758) telah dilakukan selama 3 bulan, Agustus-Oktober 2004 di taman nasional Alas Purwo, Banyuwangi. Pengamatan terhadap populasi dilakukan dengan metoda langsung dengan menggunakan transek (fix width transect) di areal hutan tanaman jati, dan hutan alam masing-masing 2 jalur lebar 30 m dan panjang 1- 5 km di Pancur dan Rowobendo, sedangkan di padang penggembalaan Sadengan dengan metoda terkonsentrasi (counsentration count). Habitat merak hijau dikaji dengan pendekatan analisis vegetasi dengan metoda garis berpetak 1 jalur di hutan alam dan 2 jalur di hutan tanaman. Sedangkan di padang penggembalaan Sadengan dengan plot tunggal sebanyak 10 buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa. total populasi merak hijau jawa di TN Alas Purwo 46 – 50 ekor. Struktur umur rata-rata 80 % kelompok merak hijau dewasa, sedangakan yang muda hanya sekitar 20 %, seolah populasi kemunduran (regressive population), dan nisbah kelamin rata-ratanya 1 : 3, pola hidup polygami. Pola sebarannya di seluruh areal pengamatan adalah berkelompok. Kelimpahan populasi merak hijau jawa berbeda pada berbagai tipe habitat. Kelimpahan populasi yang paling tinggi pada habitat padang rumput sadengan Habitat yang disukai merak hijau di alam yang berbatasan dengan tempat terbuka (rerumputan dan sesemakan. Tempat untuk mencari pakan, merak hijau menyukai tempat terbuka daerah rerumputan dan sesemakan ataupun di areal tumpang sari. Merak hijau memilih tempat tidur pada pohon yang tinggi, percabangan mendatar, dekat pohon untuk tidur terdapat tempat terbuka diantaranya pohon Apak, Bendo, Munung, dan Randu Alas. Sedangkan tempat untuk berteduh dipilih pohon yang rindang seperti pohon kesambi dan bungur. Untuk berlindung memilih vegetasi yang rapat.

Kata kunci : Populasi, habitat, Alas Purwo, merak hijau