Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian

Editorial Team — 2024-12-13

Table of Contents

Preface

Editorial Team — 2024-12-13

Preface

UTILIZATION OF NIPAH FRUIT WASTE ACTIVATED CARBON AS ADSORBENT IN THE PURIFICATION PROCESS OF GLYCEROL BY-PRODUCTS OF PALM OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Widhistya Kartikaningrum — 2024-12-13

The glycerol residue from biodiesel production contains a lot of residue that makes it a low commercial value product with limited applications, so the glycerol residue is usually disposed of as waste in landfills. Therefore, this study aims to purify glycerol from palm biodiesel production by-products using an extraction-adsorption method. The first stage of the research was purification using petroleum ether and toluene extraction methods, followed by the adsorption stage using adsorbent in the form of activated carbon from nipah fruit waste which has an iodine adsorbing capacity of 966.978 ± 31.9433 mg/g and carbon surface area of 1066.3853 ± 35.2271 m²/g. Based on the results of FTIR testing, glycerol with adsorbent in the form of nipah fruit waste activated carbon characteristics are in accordance with commercial glycerol and the results of previous research, where the peak of O-H group is clearly formed at 3433.271 cm^-1 and the peak of C-H group at 2934.672 cm^-1. Based on the test results, the density value of the glycerol sample with nipah fruit waste activated carbon adsorbent was obtained with an average value of 1.255 ± 0.007 g/cm³ which was in accordance with British Standard (BS) 2621: 1979 of 1.2671 g/cm³. The test results obtained the value of the water content of the glycerol sample with nipah fruit waste activated carbon adsorbent with an average value of 8.563 ± 0.768% which is in accordance with British Standard (BS) 2621: 1979 of < 10%. The test results obtained the value of glycerol content of glycerol samples with activated carbon adsorbent of nipah fruit waste with an average value of 93.922 ± 2.523E0%.

Keywords: adsorption, extraction, glycerol, activated carbon, nipah waste

OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE AND HEATING TIME IN THE PRODUCTION OF FEED WAFER CONTAINING PRILL FAT

Qorry Nurul Hasanah — 2024-12-13

Prill fat is a by-product of cooking oil production that can be utilized as a fat source in animal feed. The prill fat’s fine granular form and difficulty in achieving homogeneity with other materials pose challenges in its utilization. Processing prill fat into supplement wafers can be an alternative for its use, with careful consideration of its melting point. This study aims to optimize the production process of supplement wafers containing prill fat using response surface methodology (RSM) and to evaluate the changes in quality during storage. The research stages include optimizing the production process with temperature and heating time as factors, and the responses tested are production efficiency, moisture content (MC), and wafer durability index (WDI). The optimal temperature and heating time identified were 50°C for 1 minute, yielding a production efficiency of 95.2%, a moisture content of 5.6%, and a WDI of 95%, with the validation results showing a confidence level of 95%. It can be concluded that a temperature of 50°C with a heating time of 1 minute can be applied to produce supplement wafers containing prill fat.

Keywords: production optimizing, prill fat, response surface methodology, wafer supplements

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (NCC) PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (OPEFB) FIBER USING BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Maryam — 2024-12-13

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is biomass by-products from palm oil processing mills. The cellulose content in OPEFB, which reaches 38.70%, presents a potential raw material for various cellulose-based products, such as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). NCC can be used as a raw material in various industrial sectors, including paper, packaging, food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics industries. The bioprocess technology for producing nanocrystalline cellulose from OPEFB has been successfully developed and is expected to be applied on an industrial scale. Therefore, an economic feasibility analysis is required to evaluate investment viability and the impact of parameter changes on investment using sensitivity analysis for the production of nanocrystalline cellulose from OPEFB with bioprocess technology. Based on the data processing of investment feasibility analysis with assumptions of cost data and other parameters using Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Payback Period (PP), it was found that the industry is feasible and profitable with an IRR of 113.99%, NPV of $763,804,208.84, and a Payback Period of 1 year. Additionally, using sensitivity analysis, it was determined that to maintain investment viability, the raw material price can only increase by a maximum of 35%, the product selling price can only decrease by a maximum of 15%, and production costs can only increase by a maximum of 20%. This research is expected to provide information to stakeholders such as investors, government, and industry regarding the opportunities for developing nanocrystalline cellulose production from OPEFB in Indonesia.

Keywords: nanocrystalline cellulose, techno-economic study, oil palm empty fruit bunch, bioprocess technology

APPLICATION OF THE GREEN LEAN SIX SIGMA AND FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE BOTTLED DRINKING WATER PROCESS

Maria Ulfah — 2024-12-13

Based on the data, the highest percentage of PT.X 220 ml cup AMDK products in 2022 will reach 7200 products with a defect percentage of 0.5% of the production amount where the production amount exceeds the set limit of 0.5%.The objectives of this research are to determine waste, dominant waste and green waste, determine CTQ, determine the DPMO value and sigma value, determine the factors causing product defects, determine the waste produced, and provide suggestions for improvements to the production process and suggestions for improvements for reduce waste.Problem solving in this research uses the green lean six sigma method and factorial experiments. Based on the results of the seven waste questionnaire, it was found that the dominant waste was defect waste, while the green waste that occurred was water, material and garbage. There are 4 CTQs focusing on the type of leaking defect. The DPMO value is 1139.6 with a sigma value of 4.551. Factors that cause defective products are man, machine, method and material factors. The waste produced is water, cups and cardboard waste. Improvement proposals are prioritized on optimal machine settings using factorial experiments. The optimal machine settings are temperature 200℃ and speed 11,520 pcs/hour. Improvements are to overcome waste include collecting waste in a warehouse and selling it regularly.

Keywords: factorial experiment, green, lean, six sigma, waste

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FERMENTATION DRINK FROM JACKFRUIT SEED JUICE (Artocarpus heterophyllus) IN VARIATION THE GIVING OF SUCROSE AND SKIM MILK WITH THE BACTERIA Lactobacillus casei

Rina Ekawati — 2024-12-13

This study aims to determine the giving’s effect of sucrose and skim milk concentrations on the features of jackfruit seed juice probiotic drinks. This research implemented a completely randomized design with two factors. The first and second factor is sucrose and skim milk given, with five treatment levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%, respectively. There were 25 treatment combinations and they were repeated two times. Sucrose and skim milk in different variations resulted in considerably varied interactions with total lactic acid bacteria, total lactic acid, pH, and stability tests. Giving 0% sucrose with 15% skim milk resulted in the highest overall lactic acid bacteria (LAB) concentration compared to other treatments (9.2 × 10⁷ CFU/ml). The total LAB is calculated using SNI 01-2981-2009 at 107 CFU/mL. Giving 0% sucrose with 20% skim milk elevated total lactic acid the most compared to other treatments (2.46%). After 48 hours of fermentation, the pH ranged between 3.1 and 5.2. The probiotic drink's stability test follows the SNI 7552:2009 standard for yogurt stability, indicating a high stability rating (> 85%).

Keywords: functional foods, jackfruit seed, milk, probiotic, sucrose

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF CANNED CRAB PRODUCTS INDUSTRY IN PT. X MAKASSAR, SOUTH SULAWESI

Alif Rizki Ulil Albab — 2024-12-13

Canning crab is one of Indonesia's marine products that has high economic value. Canning crab has an impact on the environment that needs to be studied. This research aims to identify the life cycle of the crab canning production process and examine the environmental impacts caused throughout the product life cycle. Canning crabs start with steaming, processing, and transporting (exporting) the crabs and pushing the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with the CML-IA baseline approach, which focuses on the impact of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification (AP), and Eutrophication (EP) with a functional unit of 0.454 kg per packaging. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) uses the CML-IA baseline method to calculate the global impact of the crab canning industry in Makassar with a GWP impact of 13.04317 kg CO₂ eq, an EP impact of 3.02x10^-2 kg PO₄ eq, and an AP impact of 6.78x10^-2 kg SO₂ eq. The most significant impact or hotspot is the impact of GWP, which has the most significant production process contribution from using crab can packaging. Improvement scenarios to reduce this impact are replacing can packaging with plastic, replacing LPG with natural gas, efficient water use, and efficient use of diesel. Simulation results show that this scenario significantly reduces environmental impacts, especially GWP impacts, with a reduction of 86%, followed by EP impacts of 88% and AP of 75%. Future research needs to review improvement scenarios related to economic calculations as well as testing the quality and durability of crab in plastic cup packaging.

Keywords: CML-IA baseline, Canning crab, LCA, Simapro

SERVICE QUALITY, BUSINESS ETHICS, AND GOVERNANCE OF BUYER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS: CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

Daisy Ade Riany Diem — 2024-12-13

The aim of this study is to provide an objective overview in buyer-supplier relationship in manufacturing industries to enhance competitiveness in the context of service quality, business ethics, and relational governance. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA model and 53 papers were selected after had been screened. The results showed that: 1) research’s objects encompass various types of manufacturing industries, such as pulp & paper, chemical, mining, automotive, SMEs, and diverse organizations which came from 22 countries, whereas China, European countries, and African countries are likely paid intensive intension regarding the three dimensions of research’s objects. The methods used in existing studies mostly focused on factor analysis, qualitative/descriptive, and system dynamic. However, soft system was the least commonly utilized in buyer-supplier relationship in context of industries’ competitiveness, 2) Service quality positively affects customers’ satisfaction, trust, customer and brand loyalty, and it is also a strong mediator to green logistics performance. Customers’ perceptions on service quality and brand can take precedence over traditional competitive advantages due to increased level of competition and customers’ changing expectations. Adopting ethics as a policy could be an advantage for business to stay competitive. Furthermore, relational governance requires trust and information sharing so that building a trustworthy buyer-supplier relationship is critical for successful supply chain management, 3) Paper industry is still considered a research trend, therefore focusing in integrating both soft and hard systems approach for strategy development is the most appropriate in order to improve its’ competitiveness as the basis for upcoming research.

Keywords: business ethics, competitiveness, relational governance, service quality, buyer-supplier relationship

BRAND POSITIONING STRATEGY THROUGH DIGITAL MARKETING OF COMMERCIAL RICE PRODUCTS AT PERUM BULOG JEMBER BRANCH

Yuli Wibowo — 2024-12-13

The development of information technology, especially in digital marketing, has brought significant changes in how companies interact with consumers and build company brand images, including Perum BULOG Jember Branch. This research aims to increase awareness of the "Beras Kita" brand as BULOG's premium rice product and strengthen the brand's position in the minds of consumers with a brand positioning strategy that includes designing a visual identity, namely designing a new logo and tagline, as well as through a digital marketing strategy for premium rice products. premium at Perum BULOG Jember Branch. This research uses the ME-MCDM (Multi-Expert Multi-Criteria Decision Making) method for selecting logos and taglines and the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method to determine digital marketing strategy priorities. The recommended digital marketing strategy, which has the highest priority, is using local influencers. Implementing this strategy is expected to improve the unfavorable brand image and strengthen the position of the "Beras Kita" brand in the market.

Keywords: AHP, beras kita, brand positioning, digital marketing, MEMCDM, Perum BULOG

EFFECT OF GINGER OLEORESIN CONCENTRATION ON THE ENCAPSULATION PROCESS USING IONIC GELATION

Asep Wawan Permana — 2024-12-13

The primary active components in ginger oleoresin are gingerol and shogaol, with gingerol exhibiting significant pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. However, gingerol is heat-sensitive and degrades at elevated temperatures, limiting its functional efficacy when consumed. To overcome this limitation, encapsulation of ginger oleoresin was performed to enhance its physical and functional properties and improve its bioavailability. This study utilized the ionotropic gelation method to encapsulate ginger oleoresin, resulting in the formation of beads. Alginate was employed as the encapsulation matrix. The dried beads were characterized using FTIR, SEM, disintegration tests, and encapsulation efficiency was assessed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Results demonstrated that alginate beads containing ginger oleoresin could be successfully synthesized using the ionotropic gelation technique, with alginate as the polymer and CaCl₂ as the cross-linking agent. Ginger oleoresin concentrations of 0.9%, 0.7%, 0.5%, and 0.3% were tested. The highest encapsulation efficiency, 72.48%, was obtained with a ginger oleoresin concentration of 0.7%. Surface morphology analysis revealed that the alginate beads exhibited a rough, porous texture with visible folds. Furthermore, the dry beads disintegrated within 30 minutes.

Keywords: alginate, beads, encapsulation, ginger oleoresin, ionic gelation method

A TERTIARY PERSPECTIVE OF THE SUGARCANE-BASED AGRO-INDUSTRY SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS

Rohayati — 2024-12-13

Sustainability has given significant consideration to the development of the agricultural sector, particularly the sugarcane-based agro-industry. Extensive research on sustainability analysis has been explored across different fields, including the sugarcane-based agro-industry. A wide range of primary studies has focused on diverse aspects of sustainability. Various secondary studies, such as systematic reviews and mapping studies, have also been documented. Nonetheless, performing tertiary research in this critical domain remains essential to systematically identify, evaluate, and categorize these secondary studies. This tertiary study utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework for a systematic literature review, focusing on sustainability analysis within the agricultural sector, particularly the sugarcane-based agro-industry. A search protocol was applied for article identification, followed by articles’ screening and selection. Content analysis was conducted using Biblioshiny in RStudio, followed by a descriptive analysis. A total of 27 secondary studies were reviewed to gain deeper insights into the evolution of the research topic productions, as well as key trends. This study also acknowledges its limitations and provides key recommendations for future research in the field, which were considered in the results.

Keywords: Biblioshiny, sugarcane-based agro-industry, sustainability analysis, systematic review, tertiary study