Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan

Pemberian Tepung Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) dalam Pakan terhadap Profil Hematologi Darah Puyuh

Muhammad Haerul — 2024-08-31

The study evaluated the effects of feeding Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) meal in the diet on the hematology profile in quails. A total of 160-layer quails (Coturnix-coturnix japonica strain) aged 8 weeks to 14 weeks were assigned on a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, 4 replications with 10 quails per replication. The treatments consisted of R1 = diet control, R2 = diet contained 0.1% Bawang Dayak meal, R3 = diet contained 0.2% Bawang Dayak meal, and R4 = diet contained 0.3% Bawang Dayak meal. The variables observed were the hematology profile quail, including erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, hematocrit, lymphocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, and the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and any significant differences were tested using a post hoc Tukey test. The results showed that the usage of Bawang Dayak meal as a phytobiotic in the diet up to 0.3% did not affect quail blood hematology such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, hematocrit, leukocyte differentiation and the ratio of H/L. The inclusion of 0.2% Bawang Dayak meal resulted in the H/L ratio being within normal conditions, reflecting its function to maintain stress levels of layer quails. In conclusion, utilization of Bawang Dayak meal in a diet of up to 0.3% does not affect the hematological profile of quail.

Key words: bawang dayak, Eleutherine palmifolia, hematology, quail

Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Meal Inclusion and Lactic Acid Bacteria Supplementation on the Performance of IPB D1 Chickens

Raudoh Gholia Sakinah — 2024-08-31

This study investigates the effects of including jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) meal in the ration and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) supplementation on the performance and carcass yield of IPB D1 chickens. Jack bean meal (JBM) contains a high-energy, protein-rich feed ingredient that can substitute soybean meal, though it contains antinutrients such as hydrocyanic acid. Pre-treating jack beans through soaking and peeling reduces these antinutrients, allowing JBM to replace up to 20% of the diet. The inclusion of exogenous enzymes like protease can further enhance nutrient absorption and broiler health. The study involved 240 IPB D1 chickens, divided into four groups: control feed without LAB (J0L0), control feed with LAB (J0L1), treatment feed without LAB (J1L0), and treatment feed with LAB (J1L1). Feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly from weeks 3 to 9, and carcass yields were evaluated at the end of the study. Results showed significant variations (p<0.05) in weekly feed intake, BWG, and FCR across the treatments. Chickens fed JBM had lower (p<0.05) feed intake and BWG but these improved with LAB supplementation. FCR values improved significantly (p<0.05) with LAB supplementation in both control and treatment feeds. Carcass yield analysis indicated that LAB supplementation led to higher (p<0.05) final body weight and carcass yield, while JBM inclusion resulted in lower values (p<0.05). The study concludes that while JBM can negatively affect chicken performance due to antinutrients, LAB supplementation can mitigate these effects, enhancing both performance and carcass yield. In addition, probiotics are beneficial in poultry diets, counteracting antinutritional factors in feed ingredients like Jack bean meal.

Key words: antinutrient, chicken health, probiotic, soybean meal

Daya Cerna dan Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen dengan Penambahan Asam Amino Terenkapsulasi secara In Vitro

Cornelia Talapessy — 2024-08-31

Amino acid protection is one of the efforts to improve livestock feed quality. Lysine is one of the limiting amino acids, which is easily degraded in the rumen, and thus requires a protection. This study aimed to determine the effect of protected lysine on cattle's digestive system and ruminal ecology in vitro. This study used encapsulation using xanthan gum and tannin (2% w/v) to protect lysine. The treatments consisted of P0 = unprotected amino acids; P1 = amino acids + 2 g xanthan gum; P2 = amino acids + 2 g tannin; P3 = amino acids + 2 g xanthan gum + 2 g tannin. Parameters observed included nutrient content, chemical activity, degradability of organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), and rumen fermentability (pH, N-NH₃, VFA, gas kinetics, and CH₄). A combination of xanthan gum and tannin coatings (P3) resulted in a higher effect (p<0.05) on rumen fermentation compared to others. The Undegraded DM and CP values in the rumen were 48% and 32%, respectively, and in the pepsin-HCl were 15% and 89%. All treatments did not change the rumen fermentability. In conclusion, protected amino acids has a effect on the cattle digestion system without disturbing the rumen ecology. Combining xanthan gum and tannin coatings provides the best results than using a single type of coating.

Key words: amino acids, encapsulation, rumen fermentation, tannin, xanthan gum

Pemberian Creep Feed dengan Sumber Protein Berbeda terhadap Performa, Karkas, dan Kualitas Daging Domba Dorper

Farhan Ananda Rangkuti Rangkuti — 2024-09-01

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of creep feed containing Indigofera and Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot meal and Indigofera on the performance and meat quality of Dorper lambs. The study involved 21 male lambs aged 3 months with an average weight of 20.03 ± 1.71 kg. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 7 replications was used, namely PM = Martabe feed, P1 = Indigofera creep feed, and P2 = BSF maggot creep feed. Parameters observed included performance, carcass characteristics, physical meat quality, nutrient composition, and fatty acid profile of Dorper lamb meat. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further analyzed using Duncan's test. The results showed that P2 significantly increased (p<0.05) consumption, daily weight gain, and carcass percentage compared to the other treatments. Although P1 did not show a significant difference in performance compared to the other treatments, it significantly affected (p<0.05) the protein content and improved the fatty acid profile of the meat. In conclusion, PM showed lower FCR and higher carcass percentage. P1 increased crude protein content of the meat, although it did not significantly affect physical meat quality. P2 improved ADG and carcass percentage of Dorper lambs compared to P1.

Key words: creep feed, dorper sheep, quality meat, protein source

Kualitas Fisik Wafer Pakan Berbahan Dasar Rumput Gajah Mini dan Legum Indigofera dengan Komposisi yang Berbeda

Yang Halimah Nur Azizah — 2024-08-31

Wafer merupakan salah satu teknologi pakan yang dibuat secara ringkas dan sederhana dengan mempertahankan komposisi nutrisi yang dibutuhkan, sehingga dapat menjadi pakan alternatif pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik wafer dengan campuran antara rumput gajah mini dengan legum indigofera. Bahan wafer pakan yang digunakan adalah rumput gajah mini dan legum indigofera dengan campuran bahan tambahan yang dicetak menggunakan mesin kempa bertekanan 200 kg cm-3. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat macam perlakuan (P1: 40% rumput gajah mini dan 60% indigofera; P2: 50% rumput gajah mini dan 50% indigofera; P3: 60% rumput gajah mini dan 40% indigofera; P4: 70% rumput gajah mini dan 30% indigofera) dan masing-masing lima kali ulangan. Data hasil diuji analisis varian (ANOVA) dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi bahan dasar wafer dengan campuran rumput gajah mini dan legum indigofera memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kerapatan, berat jenis, daya serap air, dan ketahan benturan. Namun perlakuan ini tidak mempengaruhi kadar air. Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan komposisi 60% legum indigofera dan 40% rumput gajah mini menunjukkan kerapatan (0,51 ± 0,01 g cm^-3), berat jenis (0,91 ± 0,01 g ml^-1), daya serap air (96,31 ± 0,81%), dan ketahanan benturan (97,89 ± 0,50%) yang terbaik dibandingkan dengan yang lain

Kata kunci: kualitas fisik, legum, rumput gajah mini, wafer pakan

Evaluasi Efektivitas Pemberian Kalsium dengan Metode Split-Feeding terhadap Produtivitas Puyuh Petelur

Seruni Binowo — 2024-08-31

High-productivity laying poultry during the production period may experience bone problems, as structural medullary bone is progressively absorbed to supply calcium for eggshell formation. This study aims to evaluate the usage of different particle sizes of limestone (fine (0,025mm), and coarse (1mm)), and split feeding system (morning (8 am) and afternoon (15 pm)) on laying quail productivity. This research used 160 quail aged 18 weeks, which is reared up to 23 weeks. A complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replicates was used in this study. Each replicate consisted of 10 quails. The cages used were multilevel colonies equipped with feed and drink containers. The diet treatments were: P0= diet contained fine (FL) and coarse (CL) limestone at a (25:25): (25:25) ratio fed in the morning and afternoon, P1= diet contained 75FL-(Morning): 25CL-(Afternoon), P2= diet contained 50FL-(Morning):50CL-(Afternoon) and P3= diet contained 25FL-(Morning):75CL-(Afternoon). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further analyzed using the Duncan test. The results showed that the ration treatment with limestone divided into fine and coarse forms with split feeding in the morning and evening significantly increased (p<0.05) tibia bone Ca and P content but decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion. However, it increased (p<0.05) quail egg index value. Feeding calcium at a ratio of 25% (morning) and 75% (afternoon) resulted in the highest ration utilization efficiency, Ca and P deposits in the tibia bone, and increased egg index values.

Key words: Ca and P medullary bone, calcium effectivity, eggs quality, performance, quail laying

Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Numbu, BMR Galur G5 dan G8 pada Dosis Pupuk Kandang yang Berbeda di Tanah Podsolik Kalimantan Timur

Apdila Safitri — 2024-08-31

This study aims to determine the growth of several sorghum varieties at different doses of manure in podzolic soil of East Kalimantan. This study used a two-factor experimental design made in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 3 x 3 factorial pattern using three sorghum varieties (G1: Numbu, G2: BMR G5 line and G3: BMR G8 line), three treatments of manure doses (P0: without manure, P1: 10 tons ha^-1, and P2: 20 tons ha^-1) with three replications. The variable tested included plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaves. There was an interaction between the use of 10 tons ha^-1 manure on the Numbu sorghum variety which had a better effect on sorghum growth including plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and width (p<0.05). There were different results in the number of leaves, the BMR G5 variety without manure was higher than other combinations (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study indicates that fertilizer with a dose of 10 tons ha^-1 on sorghum variety Numbu has better growth properties.

Key words: fertilization, growth, manure, sorghum varieties

Karakteristik Pertumbuhan Kandidat Mutan Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. tarramba) Generasi M1 Toleran Cekaman Masam pada Skala Lapang

fadhilatul azwa lubis — 2024-08-31

The selected of lamtoro var. tarramba mutant candidates tolerant to pH 3.8 are expected to grow well in a normal field-scale environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth characteristics of mutant candidates of lamtoro var. tarramba M1 generation tolerant to acid on field. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) of 11 mutant candidates of lamtoro var. tarramba (T1-T11) consisting of five replications. The variables measured included plant morphology (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, and number of stalks) rhizosphere pH, and rhizosphere color. The results showed that the growth characteristics of mutant candidates of lamtoro var. tarramba M1 generation tolerant to acid pH 3.8 on field scale were equally good for parameters of plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, and number of stalks. The conclusion of the study was that the total of 11 acid-tolerant lamtoro var. tarramba mutant candidates of M1 generation were able to grow well on a field scale. All M1 generation mutant candidates produced the same good growth characteristics of plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, and number of stalks at the end of the study (8 WAP).

Key words: acid tolerant, growth characteristics, lamtoro var. tarramba mutant, M1 generation

Evaluasi Mutu dan Keamanan Pakan Ayam Petelur Masa Produksi di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya

Lukmanul Hakim — 2024-08-31

This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the quality and safety of feed for layer with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) as an effort to maintain the quality of feed circulating in Tasikmalaya Regency. This study focuses on the SNI criteria for feed for leyer SNI 8290.5:2016. Sampling of layer was carried out at the center of layer farms in Tasikmalaya Regency, namely Padakembang District, Sukaratu District, Cibalong District, Karangnunggal District, Pagerageung District, Rajapolah District and Kadipaten District. The parameters tested were water, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus and aflatoxin. The average analysis results for these parameters are still in accordance with SNI based on the test uncertainty figures, the results of the ash analysis were 14.17% with a test uncertainty figure for ash of ±0.23% and aflatoxin 51.32 µg kg-1 with a test uncertainty figure for aflatoxin of ±3.07µg kg-1. The overall test results in Tasikmalaya Regency, for the test parameters of ash, crude protein, crude fat, calcium and aflatoxin were equally high for non compliance with the applicable SNI with the highest proportion above 25% of the total samples. The test parameters of factory feed that did not comply with SNI were ash, calcium and aflatoxin, for Poultry Shop (PS) test parameters that did not comply with SNI were ash, protein, calcium and aflatoxin while for farmer test parameters that did not comply with SNI were ash, protein, crude fat, calcium and aflatoxin. The high non-compliance of SNI in these test parameters shows how important it is to monitor and control the quality and safety of feed strictly to ensure that the feed given to livestock meets the established nutritional standards.
Key words: feed, laboratory, layer, quality, standard