Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)

Agronomic and metabolite profile of Cymbopogon citratus utilizing the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) bioconverted compost

Wed, 18 Dec 2024 14:24:39 +0700

The black soldier fly (BSF) maggot, a bioconversion agent for organic waste, can generate stable materials like compost. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), recognized for its numerous health benefits, is the subject of this research. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of applying BSF maggot bioconversion compost on the bioactive compound profile in the ethanol extract of lemongrass plants. Lemongrass cultivation was conducted in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas, West Java, Indonesia, employing a randomized complete block design with a single factor. The single factor was the type of fertilizer, namely: control (P1), organic manure fertilizer (P2), and maggot fertilizer (P3). The introduction of BSF maggot bioconversion compost to the growth medium significantly affected the plant height (at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after planting) and wet weight (including stems, leaves, roots, and shoots). Ethanol extraction and identification with LCMS/MS (Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry) instruments revealed 48 compounds. Each treatment group (P1, P2, and P3) contained 37, 30, and 35 compounds, respectively. These compounds consisted of various groups, including amino acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, quinolines, carbohydrates, methoxyphenol, benzodioxole, diphenylmethane, and steroids.

Keywords: bioactive; BSF frass; extraction; lemongrass

Effect of growing media on the growth of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni) tip cuttings

Arif Gozali Warso Saputro, Muchamad Yusron, Raden Vitri Garvita, Gut Windarsih — Wed, 18 Dec 2024 14:36:18 +0700

Stevia is 200-300 times sweeter than sucrose but low in calories, making it a safe alternative for individuals with diabetes or obesity. The utilization of stevia has the potential to reduce reliance on sugar imports. This research aimed to investigate the influence of different growing media on the growth of stevia tip cuttings. This study was conducted from August to December 2023 in Cidokom Village, Cisarua District, Bogor Regency, West Java. The method used was experimental research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, which was the composition of the growing media. Six types of growing media were used. The research results showed significant differences among the treatment groups of growing media on various growth parameters of stevia tip cuttings. Stevia tip cuttings planted in soil and manure media showed the best results in cutting height (28.8 ± 2.82 cm) 42 days after planting. Meanwhile, the combination of solid waste agar, sand, mycorrhiza, burnt rice husks, and cocopeat media resulted in the highest number of leaves (22.20 ± 3.20 leaves) and total fresh weight of stevia tip cuttings, around 1.98 ± 0.33 g at 42 days after planting.

Keywords: mycorrhiza; planting media; vegetative growth

Optimizing the production of true shallot seed by inducing flowering in various shallot genotypes

Cahyati Ramdhani, Awang Maharijaya, sobir, Arya Widura Ritonga — Wed, 18 Dec 2024 14:44:58 +0700

Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) productivity can be enhanced through various methods, including using true shallot seed (TSS). Successful shallot breeding requires flowering to improve traits through gene transfer between genotypes and to produce TSS. However, one of the primary challenges in TSS production is the variability in the flowering ability of different varieties. This study aimed to examine the impact of flowering induction on flowering traits, pollen viability, and TSS production in several shallot genotypes. The study employed a randomized complete block design with two factors: shallot genotypes and induction treatments. The study found that vernalization treatment significantly increased the percentage of flowering plants in the Bauji, Bima Brebes, and Tajuk genotypes. Additionally, the combination of vernalization (V) and gibberellin (GA₃) (V+G) successfully induced flowering in the Maja Cipanas genotype compared to the control. The Bima Brebes genotype exhibited the highest pollen viability following both vernalization and V+G treatment. Furthermore, vernalization also led to an increase in TSS weight in shallots. These findings suggest that vernalization could be an effective strategy for enhancing TSS production in highland areas, thereby supporting the development of high-yielding shallot varieties. Significant positive correlations were observed between TSS weight and several traits, including the percentage of flowering plants, umbel number, umbel diameter, flower number, pollen viability, percentage of plants producing TSS, capsule number, and TSS number.

Keywords: Allium cepa; correlation; gibberellin; varieties; vernalization

Starch distribution in sago palm (Metroxylon spp) trunk in East Luwu Regency

Rian Prasetyo, Muhammad Hasjim Bintoro, Sudradjat — Tue, 24 Dec 2024 09:24:30 +0700

Sago is a starch-producing palm plant often found in marshland or peatland utilized by the community as food. East Luwu Regency is one of the areas where sago plants can be found. The purpose of this study was to determine sago starch distribution on the trunk of sago plants. The research methods used were interviews with farmers as key informants (qualitative) and direct observation of sago plants (quantitative). This study used 18 sago plant samples from two types of sago accessions, namely Uwwu accessions and Battang accessions, obtained from 3 sub-districts: Wotu, Kalaena, and Mangkutana. Sago morphological characteristics observed include plant height, trunk diameter, trunk circumference, pith weight, and dry starch weight. The circumference and diameter of the sago trunk varied among the lower, middle, and upper parts. The results showed that in Battang in Kalaena 3, the middle had a smaller diameter and trunk circumference compared to the lower and upper trunk but had the largest dry starch weight of 29.45 g, compared to the lower trunk (25.21 g) and the upper trunk (22.43 g). The environment is a factor that significantly influences the size of trunk circumference, trunk diameter, and starch content in sago plant trunk.

Keywords: accession; Battang; pith; qualitative; starch; Uwwu

Plant growth, fruit production, and total terpenoid production in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) with guano fertilizer application

Anna Moslihat Jamil, Maya Melati, Sandra Arifin Aziz — Tue, 24 Dec 2024 09:33:35 +0700

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is valued for its anti-diabetic properties due to terpenoid compounds like charantin, but production struggles to meet market demands. This study aimed to analyze the response of plant growth characteristics, fruit production, and terpenoid compound production in bitter melon fruit by improving phosphorus availability through guano fertilizer application as additional organic fertilizer in organic cultivation. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2024 at the IPB experimental station in Cikarawang, Bogor, Indonesia. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with varying guano fertilizer doses (0, 152, 304, and 456 g per plant). Observations were conducted on 10 sample plants per experimental unit. The observed characteristics included vegetative and reproductive growth, fruit production, and total terpenoid production. Terpenoid analysis was performed using a colorimetric method with an ELISA reader. The results showed that guano fertilizer significantly affected several plant growth and production variables. Higher doses increased several values of vegetative growth parameters, flower numbers, and fruit production. The 304 g guano per plant yielded the highest concentration and production of terpenoids. This study demonstrates the potential of guano fertilizer to enhance bitter melon growth, yield, and terpenoid content, contributing to improved production to meet market demands.

Keywords: net assimilation rate; organic; phosphorus; relative growth rate

Growth and yield of peanut on peat soil with different dolomite and shrimp waste liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) levels

Ongki Aleksa Samson, Mahmudi — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 14:20:51 +0700

The application of dolomite and shrimp waste liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) is expected to improve the quality of peat soil to support the growth and yield of peanuts. The study was aimed at the role of dolomite and shrimp waste LOF in the development and yield of peanuts on peat soil. The study was conducted in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, from April to August 2024. A factorial completely randomized design was used for the field experiment. The treatment factors were the dosage of dolomite (3, 6, and 9 tons ha^-1) and the concentration of shrimp waste LOF (200, 300, and 400 mL L^-1). The results showed that using dolomite and shrimp waste LOF increased the growth and yield of peanuts on peat soil. The interaction of dolomite 6 tons ha^-1 and shrimp waste LOF 400 mL L^-1 effectively increased root volume. The best individual dolomite treatment level for peanut growth was 6 tons ha^-1, and for production, it was 9 tons ha^-1. The best individual shrimp waste LOF treatment level for growth was 300 mL L^-1, and for production, it was 400 mL L^-1.

Keywords: amelioration; peanut production; soil fertility

Diversity and potential of coffee plant types in Lawang Taji, Gunung Karang, Pandeglang Regency, Banten

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 11:50:02 +0700

The challenge of cultivating coffee plants is that the process is still traditional, and the types of coffee that are superior are still limited. Therefore, data collection is needed to determine the potential of coffee plants in developing cultivation. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity and potential of coffee types and the ecological conditions of Gunung Karang coffee valley. The research was conducted from March to June 2024 at Lembur Kopi Citaman Lawang Taji, Sanim Village, Juhut Village, Karang Tanjung District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, and the data obtained from observations and interviews were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results showed that six types of coffee can be cultivated, namely Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, Excelsa, Purpurascen, and Robusta. Menhir coffee had unique flavors and aromas with distinctive flavors of brown sugar, nuts, chocolate, spices, vanilla, and acid. Morphological analysis of the six types of coffee showed the same characteristics in the branching system. The ecological characteristics of coffee plants included altitude criteria of 550-600 masl, pH between 5-8, air temperature 28-29 °C, air humidity between 70%-76%, and humus-dominant soil conditions. These land criteria were categorized as sufficient to meet coffee growth.

Keywords: coffee farm; coffee ecology; coffee menhir; morphology of coffee

Morphological performance of local upland rice accessions from West Bangka for germplasm conservation

Rossa Amilia , Eries Dyah Mustikarini, Maera Zasari — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 14:47:44 +0700

The genetic diversity of upland rice in West Bangka plays a crucial role in food security and germplasm conservation. This study aimed to identify the morphological characteristics of upland rice accessions from West Bangka. The research involved identifying seven local rice accessions from West Bangka and was conducted from March to July 2024. This study employed survey methods and field observations using Purposive Random Sampling based on type or accession, and data analysis was carried out through experimental methods. Data collection involved observing the morphology of the upland rice plants qualitatively and quantitatively. Data analyses were performed using variability tests. Local upland rice accessions in West Bangka Regency showed morphological diversity as indicated by the value of the broad variability in leaf width, leaf blade length, seed width, and seed thickness, while other traits showed narrow variability. The wide morphological diversity in certain characters showed that local accessions of upland rice in the West Bangka Regency had good genetic potential for utilization in plant breeding programs.

Keywords: genetic resources; morphology; biodiversity conservation; agronomy; genetic variation

Bulb selection of shallot local varieties from true shallot seeds (TSS) for bulb split components

Linda Nursalma, Awang Maharijaya, Sobir — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 14:43:36 +0700

The development of quality shallot seeds from new superior varieties needs to be done because only about 10% of the shallot seed needs are currently covered. However, true shallot seeds (TSS) production from the local varieties, such as the Bima Brebes variety, is still rarely developed and has not been able to produce many split bulbs from TSS. The existence of split bulbs in one plant is preferred by consumers and is beneficial for shallot seedlings. This is related to the number of seeds farmers can use per kilogram of seed obtained. Therefore, this study aimed to select shallots that produce split bulbs from seeds produced from TSS. This research was conducted at Tajur Experimental Farm, Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies IPB University, Bogor. Seedlings were done in beds shaded with transparent plastic that can be opened and closed. The split bulbs produced by the Bima Brebes variety derived from TSS seed sources were still relatively low at 39.69% and significantly different from the comparison varieties at more than 60%. Sanren variety produced split bulbs from TSS seed sources as high as 64.13% and the Maserati variety about 61.25%.

Keywords: spit bulb; dry weight; fresh weight; true shallot seed

Physiological responses and production of Gama Melon Parfum (Cucumis melo L. cv. GMP) on different water availability

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 11:20:38 +0700

Gama Melon Parfum (GMP) cultivar is a result of crossbreeding between the Natsuno Omoide and Miyamauri melon varieties in 2011. GMP exhibits a unique phenotypic characteristic, including a bitter taste of the fruit flesh and produces a stronger aroma. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and productivity of GMP under varying water conditions. The experiment was conducted using a single factor consisting of different levels of water availability with field capacity at 50%, 75%, and 100%, as well as submergence at 2 cm, 4 cm, and 8 cm above the soil surface. Each treatment was replicated three times. The plot size for each replication was 2 m x 2 m, ensuring consistent conditions for all treatments. The results of the study showed that treatment with 100% field capacity increased stem diameter, while treatment with 50% field capacity increased the root-to-shoot ratio of GMP. Submergence treatment at 8 cm decreased stem diameter and the root-to-shoot ratio of GMP. The 50% field capacity treatment reduced the total chlorophyll levels in GMP leaves. Submergence treatment at 8 cm increased the total chlorophyll levels in GMP leaves. The 50% field capacity treatment increased fruit fresh weight, while submergence treatment at 2 cm decreased fruit fresh weight. Submergence treatment at 2 cm reduced fruit water content, whereas submergence treatment at 8 cm increased water content in GMP fruits.

Keywords: drought; Gama Melon Parfume (GMP); growth; plant physiological responses; submergence

Water footprint of melon production under different nutrient and plant growth regulator management

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 15:48:58 +0700

Applying environmentally friendly technology in melon cultivation aims to create sustainable agriculture. Nutrient and plant growth regulators management are simple to apply and have a relatively rapid effect on melon fruit production. Water footprint assessment in melon cultivation is crucial for ensuring sustainable agricultural practices and efficient water use. This study aimed to evaluate the electroconductivity of nutrient solutions and GA₃ concentration in increasing fruit production and water footprint efficiency. This research was conducted from June to September 2022 at Tefa SGH Polije. This research used a completely randomized design with treatments that consisted of nine combinations of nutrient solution electrical conductivities (2.8, 3.2, and 3.6 mS cm^-1) and GA₃ concentrations (0, 60, and 120 mg L^-1). Observation variables were fruit diameter, edible part thickness, fruit sweetness level, fruit weight, and water footprint. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT. Applying 2.8 mS cm^-1 nutrient solution (NS) + 60 mg L^-1 GA₃ was the best treatment according to fruit diameter, edible part thickness, and fruit sweetness level. Although statistically, it had no significant effect, 2.8 mS cm^-1 NS + 60 mg L^-1 GA₃ increased fruit weight by 18.75% and water footprint efficiency by 15.48% compared to control.

Keywords: blue water footprint; evapotranspiration; gibberellins; nutrient solution

Application of phosphorous fertilizer to increase the production of several parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) accessions

Indah Fatika Sari, Muhammad Ahmad Chozin, Dwi Guntoro — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 14:34:58 +0700

Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Blume) is a plant known as a medicinal plant in Indonesia. Parijoto fruit production is still low. Phosphorous (P) fertilization can enhance fruit production, but the optimal dosage for parijoto has yet to be determined. The research objective was to obtain the P fertilizer dosage to improve the production of several parijoto accessions. The research was conducted from January to June 2023 at Agribusiness and Technology Park IPB. The study used a split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plot's accession factor consisted of Bogor, Kudus, and Nganjuk. The fertilizer dosage per polybag, as the subplot, consisted of without P₂O₅ (P0), 1.8 g P₂O₅(P1), 3.6 g P₂O₅ (P2), 5.4 g P₂O₅ (P3), 7.2 g P₂O₅ (P4), 9.0 g P₂O₅ (P5). The results showed that applying P fertilizer at 7.2 g P₂O₅ produced the highest fruit weight per plant for the Bogor and Nganjuk accessions. For the Kudus accession, it was at a fertilization dosage of 5.4 grams of P₂O₅. There was an interaction between accession and P dosage on fruit weight per plant.

Keywords: dosage; fruit production; medical plant

Stability analysis on yield of several winged bean lines (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) in three environments

Dian Rakhmad, Muhamad Syukur — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 15:40:57 +0700

Winged bean is a plant with a high seed protein content equivalent to soybeans. Indonesia is one of the central origins in southern Asia. However, there are still only a few superior varieties that can be widely cultivated. One effort to increase productivity is by growing improved varieties. This study aimed to identify promising winged bean lines with high and stable yield potential. The experiment was conducted in three environments, i.e., two planting seasons in Bogor and one in Palembang from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 11 winged bean genotypes were tested and observed for grain yield characters. Parametric analysis methods were used to obtain information on the stability of 11 winged bean genotypes across the three environments. Grain yield was significantly affected by G x E interaction and, therefore, was subjected to stability analyses. Genotypes H1(P), L2, and H4(P) were classified as stable. This genotype had similar characteristics with stable grain yield in three test environments.

Keywords: G x E interaction; seed yield; parametric stability, underutilized legume

Allelopathic potential of Asystasia gangetica: A study on growth and production of sweet corn

Roelly Ainul Yaqin, Edi Santosa, Dwi Guntoro — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 11:00:44 +0700

Coromandel, or Chinese violet (Asystasia gangetica), is an invasive weed on many plantations in Indonesia, especially oil palm plantations. The A. gangetica is suspected to produce allelopathic compounds. However, the evaluation of the effect of A. gangetica on plant growth is still rare. The research objective was to evaluate the effect of allelopathic compounds of A. gangetica on the growth and production of sweet corn as a test plant. An experiment with a randomized complete block design and four replications was conducted from March to September 2022 at the Agribusiness and Technology Farm IPB. The treatment was the A. gangetica population consisted of 0 (control), 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 individuals per pot. A. gangetica were initially planted from seeds, and the stems were slashed 5 cm above the soil surface two months after planting. One week after cutting, sweet corn seeds were planted and maintained until harvest 72 days after planting. The results showed that the allelopathic effect of A. gangetica was evident in growth of sweet corn plant. Increasing number of A. gangetica per pot increased the allelopathic effect. The most significant effect was from 16 populations per pot, which significantly reduced the growth of sweet corn height, stem diameter, leaf size (length and width), leaf number, and color. The particular population per pot also decreased sweet corn yield, i.e., weight per cob with and without husk, and cob diameter by 18.95%, 22.0%, and 19.37%, respectively. The level of sweetness decreased by 31.24% after sweet corn was planted in the remnant of 16 individuals A. gangetica per pot. Nevertheless, A. gangetica did not significantly affect leaf area index, cob length, and sweet corn biomass, including shoot and root dry weight at harvest. It would be interesting to evaluate the effect of A. gangetica in the field.

Keywords: allelopathy; Brix; indole-3-carboxaldehyde; secondary metabolites; weeds

Shoot multiplication growth of some apple cultivars with a combination of auxin and cytokinin hormones in vitro

Untung Santoso, Fatimah Nursandi, Careca Sepdihan Rahmat Hidayatullah — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 15:08:49 +0700

Apples (Malus sylvestris) have been grown in Indonesia, especially in highland areas such as Batu, Nongkojajar, and Poncokusumo. In order to propagate apple plants through in vitro, organ culture is performed in a controlled environment, free of pests and diseases. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of the composition of the growth regulator BAP-IAA on the growth and shoot multiplication of several apple cultivars in vitro. The research was carried out at the Indonesian Orchid Partners Laboratory Jl. Hasanudin 1 No 24 Junrejo District, Batu City, Indonesia. The four apple cultivars used were Fuji, Red Delicious, Gala, and Manalagi apples. Four types of growth regulator composition were the treatments: 3 mg L^-1BAP and 0.2 mg L^-1 IAA, 6 mg L^-1BAP and 0.2 mg L^-1 IAA, 3 mg L^-1BAP and 0.3 mg L^-1 IAA, and 6 mg L^-1BAP and 0.3 mg L^-1 IAA. The results showed that growth and yield were more precise in the combination of Red Delicious with the growth enhancer composition of 3 mg L^-1 BAP and 0.3 mg L^-1IAA, as shown by the variable number of shoots and fresh weight of explants. The results showed that the combination of the Red Delicious apple cultivar with BAP 3 mg L^-1+IAA 0.3 mg L^-1 can be recommended as the best treatment in mass shoot production/multiplication.

Keywords: composition; cytokinin-auxin; apple cultivars; shoot multiplication