Life Accentuation in Cognitive Dissonance and Hedonistic Behavior between Jakarta and Moscow Adolescents

Information and communication technology play an important role in the development of communication, one of which is the utilization of the online shop platform, to fulfill the desire for a hedonistic lifestyle. The changes in lifestyle focus on seeking unlimited pleasure and satisfaction. Life accentuation assumes that a person will feel happy by seeking happiness and avoiding feelings of pain, disappointment, and sadness. The research objective was to compare Jakarta and Moscow adolescents' cognitive dissonance and hedonism behavior. The comparative descriptive quantitative research method was used on 101 Moscow teenage respondents and 102 Jakarta respondents using cognitive dissonance theory and behavioral theory. The results were (1) ‘Looking for unlimited pleasure and satisfaction’ is ‘often’ (54.10%) by Jakarta teenagers, higher than Moscow teenagers (only 39.40%), and ‘sometimes’ (52.10%). (2) The dimension of ‘seeking as much happiness as possible and avoiding painful feelings’, Jakarta teenagers are 45.90% while Moscow teenagers are 36.60%, and ‘sometimes’ (56.30%). (3). For the dimensions of ‘seeking happiness symbolically’, Jakarta teenagers are more ‘often’ (53.10%) than Moscow teenagers (36.60%) and ‘sometimes’ (52.10%). (4) In the dimension of ‘pleasure is the most important thing in life’ there are differences between teenagers in Moscow and teenagers in Jakarta (54.10%) and Moscow teenagers are ‘often’ (63.40%) lower and ‘sometimes’ tend to behave hedonistically (63.40%).


INTRODUCTION
Technological developments through digital media in the current era of development play an important role.Development communication, on the other hand, cannot be separated from the use of mass media.Meanwhile, the government also provides breadth and opportunities for stakeholders who play an important role in supporting development communication.One concrete example is many digital platforms that are used to help the community's economic chain.The use of social media through digital platforms, and at the same time, the phenomenon of the number of services through online shops in various fields such as economics, technology, industry, and others has experienced very rapid progress.These conditions make it easy for people to do something.The reality that occurs in the economic field, for example, people no longer have difficulty in finding the product or goods needed and can buy them by breaking the boundaries of space and time.Buying goods or services by ordering through a digital platform, one can do shopping online.In reality, adolescents tend to try to derive pleasure from consumption experiences and at the same time fulfill their needs.Hedonism, which has been adopted as "a notion that prioritizes pleasure as the highest desire, a doctrine of life that focuses on desire, addiction, and the pursuit of pleasure," emerges as an emotional satisfaction in certain preferences regarding taste, smell, sound, sight, and touch, and important motives.behind consumption (Kirgiz, 2014).On the other hand, purchasing and using a product sometimes no longer meet needs, but is driven by the desire to seek self-pleasure and is less useful, such as following trends, prestige, increasing prestige, and various other reasons that are considered less important.This behavior, whether consciously or unconsciously, directly or indirectly causes hedonic behavior.The desire to buy an excessive product is the beginning of the emergence of consumptive behavior, and because it is often done it becomes hedonistic behavior.Individuals will continuously buy goods only based on what they want, not based on what is needed (Fitriyani et al., 2013) Hedonistic behavior tends to be mostly carried out by teenagers today.Referring to the opinion of Santrock (2012)behavior in adolescence, individuals will tend to like various new things that are quite challenging and make them curious.This reality is because adolescents strive to achieve independence and find their own identity.Adolescents experience several changes that are likely to be experienced by adolescents, both physical changes, attitudes, behavior, and emotions.One of them is a change in behavior that tends to be consumptive (Sukari et al., 2013).The tendency of adolescents to behave consumptively is triggered by the increasing number of platform digital and social media that can be used for online transactions, be it for basic needs, entertainment, or just for fun, as well as for self-pleasure (Sukari et al., 2013).The reality of offering public services and services, with up-to-date places and offerings, places to hang out, such as a cafe, restaurant, shopping center, or mall.Cafe facilities that are equipped with free internet facilities (wifi) make visitors feel at home too.Adolescents who are trapped in a life of consumptive behavior often spend their money just to buy various kinds of needs based on their wants and not needs, such as buying cell phones, clothes, food, entertainment, and others (Maulana, 2013).Referring to opinion of Solomon (1996) revealed that most of the youth's money is used only to buy products that can give pleasure and satisfaction to themselves.Based on this background, it is necessary to conduct a study to be investigated in more depth.Adolescents need to be given education and provide an overview of self-awareness so that their behavior does not harm themselves or their families.This condition is relevant to previous research by Ramadhan & Simanjuntak, (2018) that self-concept has a significant effect on hedonic buying in the science group.Marketing promotions and reference groups have a significant effect on hedonic buying behavior both in science groups and social groups.
Research also shows significant differences in promotion variables, reference groups, self-concept, and hedonic buying behavior between scientific groups and social groups.Hedonism is the behavior of consuming something excessively, and it is bad for the environment, both social and family.The tendency for product disposal by consumers has been excessive so the environment must accept the waste product use which is quite high (Naomi & Mayasari, 2013).This reality leads to hedonic behavior, resulting in waste and cost inefficiency (Nazarudin & Widiastuti, 2022).Observing changes in adolescent lifestyles related to cognitive dissonance that occur in various cities in the world.There is even an exponentially increasing trend in Indonesia and in Russia, a country that adheres to socialist ideology.Thus, this research aims to determine the cognitive dissonance and hedonistic behavior of teenagers between Jakarta and Moscow.So this research aims to determine hedonism among teenagers in Jakarta and Moscow.A hedonic lifestyle is a striking phenomenon and has its own impact on adolescent behavior.It is important to reveal the existence of cognitive dissonance, namely the discrepancy between the beliefs or values held by teenagers and the hedonistic behavior of teenagers.show.In this context, research can explore the causes of this cognitive dissonance, whether it comes from social pressure, media influence, or other factors that may be different in Jakarta and Moscow.

RESEARCH METHODS
The paradigm of this research is positivism.Adopting the positivist paradigm as a whole raises various problems, especially the characteristics of the reality of social science.The positive view assumes that reality is the real object of social reality in a dynamic, value-laden, subjective manner.This study looks at positivism from the existing reality, where Jakarta and Moscow teenagers have cognitive dissonance and hedonistic behavior.This type of quantitative research aims to compare the effects of cognitive dissonance and hedonistic behavior between Jakarta and Moscow youth.The population in this study were teenagers in Jakarta and teenagers in Moscow.Sampling technique non-probability sampling, with purposive sampling.Nonprobability sampling is a sampling technique that does not provide equal opportunities or opportunities for each element or member of the population to be selected as a sample (Sugiyono, 2018).Purposive sampling is a sampling technique with certain considerations.The sample in this study were adolescents who behaved hedonistically and had characteristics according to the needs of the research that could be used as respondents.Determination of the number of samples with the solving formula, with a precision of 10%.The number of samples in this study with a sample of 203 respondents (101 Moscow teenagers and 102 Jakarta teenagers).Data collection techniques through questionnaires in the form of statements distributed to respondents with Google form.The data analysis technique used in this study is simple linear regression analysis.This analysis is intended to determine the effect of the independent variable (cognitive dissonance) on the dependent variable (hedonistic behavior in adolescents) and answer the hypotheses that are constructed.Calculations with Mann Whitney U Test is a non-parametric test used to determine the difference in the median of two variables if the dependent variable's data scale is ordinal or interval/ratio but not normally distributed.

Analysis of hedonism comparison results between Jakarta and Moscow adolescents
Based on the results of the study, the comparative calculation of cognitive dissonance and hedonism behavior between Jakarta and Moscow adolescents can be seen as follows (Table 1).In Table 1, the results stated a score of 56.30% with the category 'sometimes' in search of unlimited pleasure and satisfaction for young Moscow.In Jakarta adolescents with the highest percentage in the 'often' category with a score of 45% the highest results in the percentage 'often' behave in cognitive dissonance and hedonism.The behavior is often cognitive dissonance and hedonistic behavior.Moscow teenagers answered in the 'neutral' category 29 respondents with a score of 10%, while Jakarta teenagers answered neutrally only 2 respondents or 0.1%.In each graph later in the next explanation, each 'neutral' category dimension will not be included in the review, with the reason that 'neutral' is not an attitude that leads to hedonistic behavior.Based on the results of the study in Table 1, hedonism in Jakarta and Moscow adolescents is also relevant to research (Anggraini & Santhoso, 2019) that there is a significant positive relationship between the hedonic lifestyle and consumer behavior in adolescents.The higher a person's hedonic lifestyle, the higher his consumptive behavior.Vice versa, the lower a person's hedonic lifestyle, the lower his consumptive behavior.According to Tambingon et al. (2018), the results of the study prove that the hedonistic lifestyle of female students changes when they associate with new friends in college.When they see their friends who are very concerned about appearance, starting from the hairstyle, how to dress, the bag that is used, the shoes that are being used, the accessories used, and branded items purchased.Manado's popular culture of manners and high religious values has experienced a shift in the association and mindset of students, namely young people who follow trends in excess of foreign culture, promiscuity, and lack of seriousness in studying.
Referring to the research by Susana (2016), it has its test related to testing the hedonism lifestyle which shows the influence of Locus of control (X) on the hedonism lifestyle (Y).This is seen in the results of hypothesis testing that there is an influence of Locus of Control (X), towards the Hedonism Lifestyle (Y), Faculty of Psychology, University of August 17, 1945, Samarinda Page 9 namely in ANOVA the value of F = 7,394 was obtained with p = 0.008.Because p <0.05, there is an influence between Locus of Control on the Hedonism lifestyle.So it can be concluded that the lower the Locus of Control, the higher the Hedonism Lifestyle.

Figure 1. Comparison Chart of Seeking Unlimited Fun and Satisfaction between Moscow Youth and Jakarta Youth
The results of the study in Figure 1 show comparisons of the dimensions of seeking pleasure and unlimited satisfaction between Moscow and Jakarta adolescents.Moscow teens have an occasional score of 52.10%, while Jakarta teens have a score of 39.40%.Scores on the frequent behavior of Moscow adolescents were 36.70% and Jakarta adolescents were 54.10%.The reality is that Jakarta teenagers still tend to seek unlimited pleasure and satisfaction more often.The results also show that Moscow teenagers are 7.00% and Jakarta 10% with scores that are not significantly different.The results in Figure 1 are relevant to the previous research (Putri et al., 2019) that there is a prestige factor in adolescents in responding to change.Adolescents driving the hedonistic lifestyle are consumptive behavior and the lack of control from parents to adolescents in responding to developments in the global era.The results of the research in Graph 2 are a comparison of the dimensions of seeking as much happiness as possible and avoiding feelings of pain between young people in Moscow and Jakarta.Moscow teens have an occasional score of 56.30%, while Jakarta teens have a score of 36.60%.Scores on frequent behavior of Moscow adolescents were 34.70% and Jakarta adolescents were 45.90%.The reality is that Jakarta teenagers still tend to seek as much happiness as possible and avoid feeling sick.The results always state that 4.20% of Moscow and 18.40% of Jakarta youths with four times the score always seek as much happiness as possible and avoid feeling sick.
The reality of the research results in Graph 2 is relevant to the results of previous research (Resita, 2016) that the tendency for adolescents to have an instant mentality means to lead people not to have to go through convoluted processes in terms of getting happiness.The phenomenon of today's youth tends to choose a comfortable, luxurious, and all-sufficient life without working hard.Another condition related to adolescent hedonism which links hedonism with economic relations in the family, refers to research by Asih et al., (2016), that is the real relationship between the economic level of the family and hedonistic lifestyle activities is closely related to the level of interaction within the family with hedonistic lifestyle activities.The meaning is interpreted almost the same, that teenagers tend to seek happiness symbolically.happiness more often in a symbolic way.The results always state that 2.80% of Moscow youth and 17.30% of Jakarta with eight times the score always seek happiness symbolically.
Based on the results of the research in Graph 3, it is relevant to the reality in a society that adolescents feel motivated to behave hedonistically for reasons including (1) They want to be refreshed because they have a lot of college assignments, lots of reports, lots of assignments, in essence, there are a lot of things he feels refreshing .
(2) For teenagers, the mall is a means of recreation to spend time with their friends by shopping, hanging out at cafes, watching movies, and so on (Resita, 2016) In line with research by Jennyya et al., (2021), Hedonic student behaviors occur, such as buying branded goods which can be considered expensive, falling into liquor, and spending more time outside the home with friends hanging out in Malls, Cafés, and Clubs.Even in order to earn money, some students work as commercial sex workers (PSK).Using clothes and accessories from high-end brands or high-street brands, driving four-wheeled or two-wheeled vehicles to campus, and using smartphones from abroad with prices above five million rupiahs, these things are of course a benchmark for students to be included in the hedonic student category.But most of the informants in this study admitted that they did not feel that they were adopting the hedonistic lifestyle, because they felt that there were many other people who were more "hedonistic" than them.
Based on Mann-Whitney calculations U test or nonparametric test is used to determine the difference in the median of the two independent groups if the dependent variable's data scale is ordinal or interval/ratio but not normally distributed.Teenagers in this case pleasure, namely pleasure-seeking behavior (emotionally) is the most important thing in life between Moscow Teenagers and Jakarta Teenagers.The hedonistic behavior that accompanies it not only impacts the individual concerned but also socializes to the family, children, and their environment.The reality is that most social problems that can cause social unrest originate in the family, especially social problems that have a chain effect.Future social problems are highly dependent on family adaptation to modern society.What needs to be done is that parents or society in general need to take preventive action early on.This reality is reinforced by Oswaldo (2021) that many people are so involved in pleasure and excessive happiness that they fall into a hedonic lifestyle.Even though the impact of hedonism can be fatal, especially in financial matters.Some of the implications of hedonic behavior are living without orientation, financial structure becoming unhealthy, no emergency funds and investments, and no long-term financial planning.
Based on this, families should have more time to meet each other and discuss matters related to family interests, such as youth problems.Teenagers are very dependent on their parents and what happens between parents and children at this stage is rarely known to outsiders.If this hedonistic behavior is not addressed immediately, in time children from such families and environments will grow up and inherit unethical behaviors, and it is these individuals who will shape society in the future.It is important for the family to prevent hedonistic behavior from an early age because this behavior will have a broad impact on the formation of an ethical society.

Comparative Analysis of Cognitive Dissonance in Jakarta and Moscow Adolescents
Based on the results of the study, the calculation of cognitive dissonance comparison between Jakarta and Moscow adolescents can be seen as follows: Based on the calculation results of Table 3, Mann Whitney U Test, it can be seen that the dimension of changing dissonance has the highest score in 'Sometimes' changing dissonance for Moscow adolescents, while Jakarta adolescents have the highest score for 'Often' changing dissonance.
Dimensional results change cognition on computation Mann Whitney U Test on Moscow adolescents scores 'Sometimes' changing cognition with the highest score of 53.50%, while Jakarta adolescents have the highest score and 'Often' changing cognition 54.10%.This means that there is a tendency to 'Sometimes' change cognition in Moscow adolescents, while Jakarta adolescents change cognition more frequently.The calculation results of Mann Whitney U Test, on changing interests, are more 'Often' done by Jakarta teenagers as evidenced by the score of 50.70% 'Often' changing interests in young Moscow.Jakarta teenagers tend to have low scores of 'Sometimes' in changing interests with a score of 22.40%.The scores 'Sometimes' result in changing interests.In each subsequent graph, each category dimension is neutral and will not be included, with neutral reasons not being an attitude that leads to hedonistic behavior.

Figure 5. Comparison Graph of Changing Dissonance between Moscow Youth and Jakarta Youth
The results of the research data in Figure 5 below show that the comparison of changing dissonance between Moscow adolescents and Jakarta adolescents has a score dominated by frequent dissonance changes by Jakarta adolescents with a value of 61%, and Moscow adolescents with a value of 28.20%.The category is always in changing dissonance for Jakarta teenagers 24.50% and Moscow teenagers 5.60%.This means that Moscow adolescents sometimes change dissonance higher, namely 54.90%, while for Jakarta adolescents it is sometimes 13.30%.In line with the expression of Rifqi (2022) in the scientific journal Medan Arga University, a psychologist named Warburton revealed that the true pursuit of pleasure for humans is a natural thing that cannot be ignored.This mindset also influences the hedonic view of dealing with problems and pressures in his life.Warburton believes that hedonism can reduce a person's stress level and thereby maintain his health.

Figure 6. Graph Comparison of Changing Cognition between Moscow Youth and Jakarta Youth
The results of the research data in Figure 6 show that the comparison of changing cognition between Moscow adolescents and Jakarta adolescents has a score dominated by frequent changes of cognition by Jakarta adolescents with a value of 54.10%, and Moscow adolescents with a score of 28.20% often change cognition.This means that Moscow adolescents sometimes change their cognition higher than Jakarta adolescents, namely 53.50% for Jakarta adolescents and 20.40% for Moscow adolescents.The reality of the research results also states that Jakarta teenagers always change cognition with a value of 24.50% higher than Moscow teenagers in terms of always changing cognition only 2.80%.
Based on this, in line with the results of research by Brilliandita & Putrianti, (2017), adolescents, in this case, students, who are dominant with a hedonic lifestyle, become unproductive, and in adolescent relationships, are more concerned with appearance or prestige.A hedonic lifestyle that must be supported by adequate financial capabilities will also become an even bigger problem if the achievement is carried out in all kinds of unhealthy ways, this will result in moral siltation for female students who adhere to a hedonic lifestyle.The lower the self-concept, the higher the hedonistic lifestyle.Conversely, the lower the level of self-concept, the higher the hedonistic lifestyle.This hypothesis is acceptable, meaning that there is a significant relationship between self-concept and the hedonistic lifestyle of Psychology students at UST Yogyakarta.The effective contribution of self-concept to the hedonistic lifestyle is 14.6%.This means that 85.4% of the hedonism lifestyle variable is determined by other factors.Other factors are interest, activity, and opinion.

Figure 7. Comparison Chart of Changing Interests between Moscow Youth and Jakarta Youth
The results of the study can be seen in Figure 7.It states the things that are in the comparison in of changing interests between Moscow teenagers and Jakarta teenagers.Moscow teenagers are 50.70%more 'often' in changing interests, and Jakarta teenagers have a value of 22.40% in changing interests.The category of 'sometimes' changing interests is dominated by Jakarta teenagers with a value of 64.30%.Moscow adolescents have a lower score 'sometimes' in changing interests, namely 38.00%.This means that in terms of changing interests, it is often dominated by Moscow teenagers.Referring to Nurvitria (2015), the process of behavior occurrence, when viewed from cognitive social theory, explains that there is an individual's ability to regulate and control his own behavior even though the environmental conditions change.This happens because the mind can direct a person to control his behavior.Someone who has a low personality will have a high lifestyle tendency.

Figure 8. Graph of Information Misinterpretation Comparison between Moscow Youth and Jakarta Youth
The results of the study in Figure 8 show a comparison graph of misinterpretation of information between Moscow youth and Jakarta adolescents that often occurs in Jakarta adolescents as evidenced by the misinformation score of 58.20% of Jakarta adolescents.Moscow adolescents with frequent misinformation have a lower score of 19.70%.In conditions where sometimes misinformation occurs in The research results are in Figure 10: Graph of comparison of activities (activities) of Moscow youth and Jakarta youth.Jakarta teenagers have a category with a high score in the 'always' active category (49.00%), and 'often' (42.90).The category 'sometimes' dominated by the Moscow teenager 45.10% and the category 'often' shows 29.60%.This reality shows that Jakarta teenagers are still more active and behave.Referring to Gushevinalti (2010), the opinion of this hedonistic behavior is described by philosophers, namely Jean Baudrillard in the theory of simulation and"hi-g hyper hyallites".The mass media plays a big role in creating this simulation.The impact resulting from hyperreality is the existence of adolescent trust in reality which is not reality.This delusion of reality can produce cultural patterns that easily imitate what they see as reality on television media and are realized in everyday life.This measurement shows the reasons for doing the activity.Second, Interest (interest) is the level of pleasure that arises specifically and makes the person pay attention to certain objects, events, or topics.Third, Opinion is a person's response orally or in writing to the stimulus that appears.The stimulus or situation can be a social issue, future product, community, sport, or entertainment.They usually occur when there are activities, interests, and opinions, and the tendency for shopping behavior, traveling, social activities, leads to hedonism.The research results are in Figure 12: Graph of comparison of the opinions of young people in Moscow and Jakarta.Jakarta teenagers are more 'often' opinionated with a score of 49.00%, and the 'always' opinionated category with a score of 40.80%.The category 'sometimes' is dominated by the Moscow crowd of 59.20% and the category 'often' shows 16.90%.This reality shows that Jakarta teenagers still often have opinions about their behavior.One opinion (Abdullah, 2019) is that psychologically, hedonism can be influenced by invitations from humans so it makes the person carry out activities called hedonism.Hedonism is very damaging to morals according to research from Samantha Geraldine from the National University of Singapore.It can be concluded that a cognitively hedonistic lifestyle can be bad for someone.The hedonistic side of the lifestyle, even though it is a bad lifestyle, is necessary for certain situations, for example for our self-appreciation for having achieved the goals in our lives.For example, buying delicious food as a form of appreciation.If the form of the need to buy food is excessive, then it is a hedonistic behavior.).The view of hedonic behavior refers to (UMPKnews, 2022) that hedonism is a derivation (derivative) of liberalism.A view of life that pleasure is everything, even life itself.For hedonists, life is to achieve material pleasures: something that is pseudo, momentary, and artificial.One example of hedonism is spree and rah-rah.Based on the prospective hedonism of the adherents of hedonism, in expressing their pleasure, they must have spent a lot of money, but they don't really care about it; the most important thing for adherents of this hedonism is pleasure, namely shopping at the mall by spending a lot of money, holding club party night, drunk.This is the impact of the view of life by having fun or hedonism.

DISCUSSION
The grassroots of youth development is youth.So it needs to be realized through development communication.The reality of the hedonic lifestyle tends to show characteristics in adolescents, among others, by always doing activities and interests in groups (Kusumanugraha, 2003).According to Setiadi (2003), the factors that influence lifestyle are factors that come from within the individual (internal) and factors that come from outside (external).Internal factors that influence lifestyle are Attitudes, Experiences and observations, Personality, Self-concept, Motives, and Perceptions (Setiadi, 2003).Kotler (2010), states that two factors influence a person's lifestyle, namely factors that come from within the individual (internal) and factors that come from outside (external): 1) Internal factors.Internal factors include attitudes, experiences, observations, personality, self-concept, motives, and perceptions (Kotler, 2010).2) External factors: a) Reference group.Reference groups are groups that have a direct or indirect influence on a person's attitudes and behavior.Groups that give direct influence are groups where the individual is a member and interacts with each other, while groups that give indirect influence are groups where the individual is not a member of the related group.The reality is that the culture of hedonism has become successful propaganda and is rooted in the souls of teenagers.The ironic effect is that teenagers don't realize that what they are doing is hedonic behavior.The concept of hedon makes a negative contribution to the ideology of the youth/young generation which makes them dare to justify any means to achieve pleasure and makes today's youth have a weak mentality accompanied by narrow thinking (Melati et al., 2022.).
Based on the problems and the reality of research findings, in realizing the development of human resources (especially for youth) who are the next generation of the nation, it is important to provide mental reinforcement.One of the character formations is State Defense, where youth have nationalism for their nation and country, by implementing the noble values proclaimed by each country in the development of the youth's character.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results and the overall analysis, the life accentuation through comparison of cognitive dissonance and hedonism behavior among adolescents Jakarta and Moscow show that the Mann Whitney comparison was determined and carried out to measure the comparison of adolescent hedonism, cognitive dissonance theory and behavioral theory between adolescents in Jakarta and Moscow.The results of the four dimensions show differences, namely seeking unlimited pleasure and satisfaction is 'often' done 54.10% by Jakarta teenagers, higher than Moscow teenagers, 'often' only 39.40%, and 'sometimes' 52.10%.The dimensions of seeking happiness as much as possible and avoiding pain, Jakarta teenagers 45.90% and Moscow teenagers 36.60% and 'sometimes' 56.30%.The dimension of seeking happiness symbolically is Jakarta teenagers more 'often' 53.10% than Moscow teenagers 36.60% and 'sometimes' 52.10%, and the dimension of pleasure (emotionally) is the most important thing in life, which is the dimension that occurs the difference between teenagers in Moscow and teenagers in Jakarta 54.10% and Moscow youth are 'often' 63.40% lower and 'sometimes' 63.40% tend to behave in hedonism.All dimensions of cognitive dissonance theory are different.These dimensions are changing dissonance, changing cognition, changing interests and seeking justification for information that there are differences between adolescents in Moscow and adolescents in Jakarta.
The same thing happens with behavioral theory.The results also show that there are three dimensions of differences.These dimensions are activities, interests, and opinions.Both in adolescent hedonism, cognitive dissonance theory and behavioral theory, adolescents in Jakarta have higher hedonism than adolescents in Moscow.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Comparison Graph of Seeking Happiness as Much as Possible and Avoiding Painful Feelings between Moscow Teenagers and Jakarta Teenagers

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Graph of Symbiological Seeking Happiness, Comparison between Moscow Youth and Jakarta Youth The results of the study in Graph 3 show a comparison of the dimensions of seeking happiness symbolically between Moscow and Jakarta youth.Moscow teens have an occasional score of 52.10%, while Jakarta teens have a score of 36.60%.Scores on frequent behavior of Moscow adolescents are 36.60%,and Jakarta adolescents are 53.10%.The reality is that Jakarta teenagers still tend to find

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Graph of Comparison of Pleasure (emotionally) is the most important thing in life between Moscow Teenagers and Jakarta TeenagersThe results of the study can be seen in Graph 4. It shows a comparison of pleasure (emotionally) as the most important thing in the life of Moscow and Jakarta.Moscow teens have an occasional score of 63.40%, while Jakarta teens have a score of 27.60%.Scores on frequent behavior of Moscow adolescents are 23.90% and Jakarta youth 54.10%.The reality is that Jakarta teenagers still tend to be more often in pleasure (emotionally) which is the most important thing in life.The results state that 4.20% of Moscow youth and 18.40% of Jakarta youth with four times the score always seek pleasure (emotionally) which is the most important thing in life.In line with research byJennyya et al., (2021), Hedonic student behaviors occur, such as buying branded goods which can be considered expensive, falling into liquor, and spending more time outside the home with friends hanging out in Malls, Cafés, and Clubs.Even in order to earn money, some students work as commercial sex workers (PSK).Using clothes and accessories from high-end brands or high-street brands, driving four-wheeled or two-wheeled vehicles to campus, and using smartphones from abroad with prices above five million rupiahs, these things are of course a benchmark for students to be included in the hedonic student category.But most of the informants in this study admitted that they did not feel that they were adopting the hedonistic lifestyle, because they felt that there were many other people who were more "hedonistic" than them.Based on Mann-Whitney calculations U test or nonparametric test is used to determine the difference in the median of the two independent groups if the dependent variable's data scale is ordinal or interval/ratio but not normally distributed.

Figure 11 .
Figure 11.Graphic Comparison of the Interests of Moscow Teenagers and Jakarta TeenagersThe research results are in Figure11: Graph of interest comparison between Moscow youth and Jakarta youth.Jakarta teenagers have more frequent interest with a score of 50.00%, and the category with a high score is 'always' the behavioral interest category with a score of 40.80%.The category 'sometimes' is dominated by the Moscow crowd (52.10%), and the category 'often' shows 19.70%.This reality shows that Jakarta teenagers still often have an interest in behaving.This is relevant to the opinion of Nurvitri (2015).First, Activity (activity) is the way people use time in the form of tangible actions that can be observed such as hobbies, talking, shopping, traveling, social activities, entertainment, and sports.This measurement shows the reasons for doing the activity.Second, Interest (interest) is the level of pleasure that arises specifically and makes the person pay attention to certain objects, events, or topics.Third, Opinion is a person's response orally or in writing to the stimulus that appears.The stimulus or situation can be a social issue, future product, community, sport, or entertainment.They usually occur when there are activities, interests, and opinions, and the tendency for shopping behavior, traveling, social activities, leads to hedonism.

Figure 12 .
Figure 12.Graph of Comparison of Opinion of Youth in Moscow and Youth in Jakarta

Table 2 .
Mann Whitney Based on Table2, Mann Whitney concluded that the series of results show that in the comparison results there are differences between Moscow youth and Jakarta youth in several dimensions of adolescent hedonism (p-value <0.05).This dimension is Seeking Unlimited Fun and Satisfaction where Jakarta teenagers are 'often' (45.90%) compared to Moscow teenagers 'sometimes' (56.30%).Looking for happiness symbolically where Jakarta teenagers 'often' (53.10%) compared to Moscow teenagers

Table 3 .
Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Table 6 .
Mann Whitney on the behavior of Moscow and Jakarta adolescentsBased on the results of Mann Whitney and its conclusion on the dimensions of behavior, the results of the comparison show that there are differences between Moscow adolescents and Jakarta adolescents on several dimensions of adolescent behavior theory (p-value <0.05).This dimension is activity where Jakarta teenagers are 'always' (49.00%) compared to Moscow teenagers 'sometimes' (45.10%).Interest of Jakarta teenagers is in the 'frequent' category (50.00%) compared to Moscow teenagers in the 'sometimes' category (52.10%).Opinion of Jakarta teenagers is 'often' (49.00%) compared to Moscow teenagers 'sometimes' (59.20%