Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian

Rapid Prediction of Moisture and Ash Content in Sungkai Leaves Herbal Tea (Peronema canescens Jack.) using NIR Spectroscopy

Andasuryani Andasuryani, Ifmalinda — Mon, 28 Oct 2024 14:06:51 +0700

It is imperative to measure the chemical composition of Sungkai leaf herbal tea in order to produce high-quality goods that promote human health. The moisture and ash content of Sungkai leaf herbal tea are critical parameters for assessing the quality of herbal tea. This study aimed to evaluate an NIR spectroscopy method for quickly determining the moisture and ash content of Sungkai leaf herbal tea. Sungkai leaf herbal tea has a moisture content between 3.93% and 7.59%, and an ash content between 3.94% and 5.51%. We developed a calibration model using partial least squares (PLS) with several pretreatment methods. We split the data into calibration and prediction sets and performed an internal random cross-validation. A PLS calibration model with R_p² = 0.86, a root means square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.30 (%), and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 2.76, performed exceptionally well at predicting the moisture content when the standard normal variate (SNV) pre-treatment was applied to the NIR spectra. The Savitzky-Golay derivative (a 9-point smoothing window, second-order polynomial, dg2) pre-treatment method also generated the best PLS calibration model for ash content determination, with R_p² = 0.70, RMSEP = 0.16 (%), and RPD = 1.86. NIR spectroscopy can quickly determine the moisture and ash content of Sungkai leaf herbal tea, as suggested by these findings.

Analysis of the Supply Chain and Design of an Android-Based Robusta Coffee Traceability System

Mohamad Fadel Alhabsyi, Setyo Pertiwi, Lilik Pujantoro — Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Robusta coffee is the most widely cultivated coffee commodity in Indonesia. in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, the problem at the suplier level is limited market information, which makes the quality of the coffee beans produced inconsistent, which impacts the price and product quality image. The research aims to identify models and members of structure, added value, performance efficiency, and a traceability system to support product quality validation. Robusta coffee supply chain participants and their interactions was identified at the Modayag coffee plantation in East Bolaang Mongondow. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and field studies. Supply chain analysis was performed using the Vorst method, while added value was calculated using the Hayami method, and supply chain performance was assessed using the SCOR-AHP method. The traceability system design followed the SDLC method. The findings indicate that the Robusta coffee supply chain in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency includes farmers, collectors, processing plants, the retail industry, coffee roatery and consumers. Post-harvest handling involves harvesting, sorting, drying, peeling dry coffee skin, and roasting. The results of the added value show that farmers receive more profits when selling mixed coffee beans that have been processed into dry coffee (greenbeans) 67.1%, the profit ratio for collectors is 20.7%, Kopine Isco 26.3%, D&L coffee 84.5% and Robusta Gunung Ambang 63.9%. The supply chain performance measurements showed 51.2% at the farmer level, 57.7% for collectors, and 63.8% for processing plants. A traceability system named Kinton was successfully developed and integrated with the Firebase database to store all information.

The Development Mask R-CNN Model for Identification of Melon Plant Leaves and Branches

Meia Noer Muslimah, Sri Wahjuni, Toto Haryanto — Mon, 28 Oct 2024 15:54:32 +0700

The quality of melons can be enhanced and optimized by pruning melon plants. Pruning is a removal process carried out on specific parts of the plant. Currently, melon plants are still pruned manually by farmers, but there are many drawbacks to this method. In this research, pruning is conducted on the branches and leaves of melon plants. Pruning can be facilitated with the assistance of a robot capable of recognizing leaves and branches. In this study, the method used to detect branches and leaves is the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN). Hyperparameter tuning technique is employed to obtain the best parameter values, including learning rate, weight decay, and learning momentum. Two scenarios are considered in this research, one with 10 epochs and the other with 30 epochs. The obtained Average Precision (AP) values at 10 epochs are 32.2% for leaf objects and 0% for branches. At 30 epochs, the AP values are 56.8% for leaf objects and 4.1% for branches. The mean Average Precision (mAP) is 16.1% for 10 epochs and 28.4% for 30 epochs.

Pesticide Residue Reduction on Curly Chili (Capsicum annum L.) Using Ozone Fine Bubble Technology.

Poetry Sari Levianny, Y. Aris Purwanto, Anto Tri Sugiarto — Wed, 30 Oct 2024 08:48:34 +0700

Pesticide residues in curly chilies may cause health problems in consumers. Washing curly chilies using ozone fine-bubble water is a promising method for reducing pesticide residues. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose and duration to degrade pesticide residues, especially for profenofos, and to determine their effect on the shelf life and physical quality of curly chilies. After washing, the curly chilies were stored at room temperature and observed every two days. The results showed that washing with 1 ppm ozone fine bubble water for 10 min was effective in reducing profenofos residue on curly chili by up to 89.8% without reducing its quality. The shelf life of curly chilies was observed, and they started losing their commercial value after 6-8 days.

The Utilization of a Mixture of Palm Oil and Shellfish Industrial Waste in Producing Paving Block

Siti Aisyah Aisyah, Donna Imelda, Busrizal, Muhamad Abdul Hakim — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 08:48:52 +0700

Population growth in Indonesia will lead to an increased demand in the development sector. This growth must be balanced by environmentally friendly development practices. Therefore, there is a need for alternative uses of industrial waste for other finished materials. Concrete bricks (Paving blocks) are building construction materials that cover or pave the ground. Boiler ash is one of the solid wastes of the palm oil industry which comes from the remains of burning shells and fibers in boiler machines. Palm oil shells are also one of the solid wastes of the palm oil industry, which comes from the separation between fiber and shells, which occurs in the Light Tenera Dust Separator machine (LTDS). Seashells can be considered solid waste. According to the research findings, paving blocks treated with S1 and S2 exhibit water absorption capacities that comply with the SNI 03-0691-1996 standards, which stipulate a maximum of 8% for C grade, suitable for pedestrian use. Paving blocks treated with S3 also met the SNI 03-0691-1996 standards, with a maximum absorption of 10% for the D grade, which is ideal for covering plants and home gardens. Lower water absorption rates indicate higher quality paving blocks. Variance analysis revealed that the water absorption capacity significantly impacts the quality of the paving blocks. The compressive strength test showed that the paving blocks with S2 treatment had the highest strength, averaging 2,10 MPa. The lowest compressive strength, averaging 1,01 MPa, was observed in the paving blocks treated with S3.

Box Design Selection for Portable Minapadi Based on Hydrostatic and Thermal Loading Simulation

Baskoro Tri Julianto, Budi Indra Setiawan , Satyanto Krido Saptomo — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 11:02:41 +0700

Land conversion has led to the encouragement of urban farming, which is practiced on a
small area of land. The innovation of Nonpowered Automatic Fertigator that has been used
to support urban farming continues to be developed, especially for the portable paddy-fish
integrated farming model. Because of this, a study of supporting equipment is needed, one
of which is a good cribs design. Tests were carried out on the materials that make up the
cribs to determine the mechanical properties of the material in the form of Young’s modulus
where from ten test objects the average elastic modulus was obtained at 15582.19 MPa. The
mechanical properties obtained are entered into a computer simulator to be applied to the
simulation of the cribs. There are two cribs designs that were tested by being loaded with
hydrostatic loads and thermal loads. The results of the simulation showed that the first cribs
was rated better than the second cribs with a smaller maximum total deformation indicator
than the second cribs design under extreme hydrostatic loading conditions.

Application of Corn Starch and Red Galangal Coating to Extend the Shelf Life of Chrysanthemum Flowers (Chrysanthemum morifolium)

Emmy Darmawati, Ivanka Nabila Putri — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 16:26:02 +0700

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) has high economic value. However, fresh Chrysanthemums are perishable and have a short shelf life. High respiration and microorganisms are the main causes of the decline in the quality of chrysanthemums after harvest. The fungus Puccinia horiana causes white rust disease on the leaves which were carried when the flowers are harvested and stored for distribution. Corn starch as an edible coating material combined with red galangal extract was expected to reduce damage by these two factors. The purpose of the research was to determine the best concentration of corn starch and red galangal extract to extend the shelf life of fresh chrysanthemum edible flower. The starch concentration chosen was based on the viscosity of the coating solution which can be applied by spraying and produces the solidness and smallest diameter of droplet. The concentration of 2% corn starch coating solution was chosen to be the best solution concentration for coating. In application, the coating solution used was 2% corn starch combined with 1% and 2% red galangal extract, with spraying done once and twice. The results of the study showed that the L2S2 formulation (2% galangal concentration with spraying 2 times) was the best treatment. This treatment can maintain flower water content at 86.02%, weight loss 19.00%, L value 34.50^o, Hue value 347.04^o on the 6^th day of storage with a panelist assessment of a score of 3.25 (freshness, color, aroma). As a comparison, flowers without treatment (control) were still accepted by panelists up to the 3^rd day of storage with a score of 3.01, more than 3 days the score was less than 3

Study of the Effect of NaOH Type Alkaline Catalyst on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Used Cooking Oil Biodiesel

Tue, 17 Dec 2024 15:04:27 +0700

Dependence on fossil fuels causes significant environmental damage and increases costs and scarcity in the future. To overcome this problem, a transition to renewable energy is needed, one of which is biodiesel which can be obtained from used cooking oil. This study aims to convert used cooking oil that cannot be reused into biodiesel products. Biodiesel synthesis can be carried out by the transesterification process, using NaOH catalyst with concentration variations of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5% of the total mass of oil. The test parameters are calorific value, density, viscosity and flash point as well as yield on used cooking oil biodiesel products. The test results show that the use of a catalyst concentration of 1% produces more optimal density, viscosity, and calorific value and flash point. Each value is 0.859 g / cm³, 2.34 cSt, 10,356 cal / g, and 139°C. However, the use of a catalyst concentration of 0.5% shows that the biodiesel product is less than optimal. This can be shown by the highest density, viscosity and flash point values of the catalyst concentration variations used. Each value is 0.88 g/cm3, 3.16 cSt and 178°C, while the calorific value is also low with a value of 9,689 cal/g. However, when viewed from the yield, the catalyst concentration of 0.5% produces the highest value of all catalyst concentration variations used with a value of 88%.

Rapid Analysis of ICUMSA Value of Cane Sugar Using Multi-Channel Spectra Sensor Based-Portable Device

Fadhilah Khairani, Mohamad Solahudin, Slamet Widodo — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 08:34:16 +0700

One of important quality parameters of white crystal cane sugar is its color measured as ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis) color value. It is usually measured in laboratory through a complex and lengthy chemical analysis method. To overcome this challenge, this research tries to explore the potential use of multi-channel spectra sensors in UV-VIS-NIR regions as an alternative method to predict the ICUMSA value. The proposed portable device uses a AS7265X sensor as its main component. After that, measurements were made in the laboratory using standard methods as reference data. The result of the prediction with partial least squares (PLS) is R² = 0,896, RMSEC = 0,072%, RMSEP = 0,103%, CV=26,09% and PRD = 3,10. Multiple linear regression (MLR) predictions are R²= 0,935, RMSEC=0,057%, RMSEP=0,090%, CV=20,64% and RPD = 3,92. The prediction of ICUMSA with an artificial neural network model (ANN) is R²=0,9996, RMSEC=0,004%, RMSEP=0,037%, CV=1,43% and the RPD value is 9,54. This shows that developed PLS, MLR and ANN are able to predict the ICUMA value, with ANN as the best model.

Non-destructive Prediction of Brix Value in Sugarcane Based of Portable NIR Spectroscopy

Afdahalul Ahmar, Mohamad Solahudin, Slamet Widodo — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 11:52:36 +0700

The quality of sugarcane in the plantation is the most important information for farmers and sugar factories for assessing the maturity of sugarcane and determining the optimal harvest schedule. The brix value is used as a quality index in the sugar industry and is an important parameter for the evaluation of cane quality and maturity. Traditional methods of determining brix involve time-consuming and labor-intensive processes, often involving destructive sampling. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a non-destructive approach using portable near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict the sugar content in sugarcane stalks. The main objective of this study was to develop a nondestructive prediction model for the brix value in sugarcane using portable NIR spectroscopy. Data processing involved two models: Partial Least Squares (PLS) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), along with various data pre-treatment techniques. The PLS model showed an improvement in prediction accuracy with data pre-treatment, especially with the Savitzky-Golay method (R² = 0.755, RMSEP = 1.22%, RMSEP = 1.43%, CV = 6.13%, and RPD = 2.02). In addition, the ANN model combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed high predictive performance when sugarcane was 11 months old (R² = 0.797, RMSEC = 0.56%, RMSEP = 0.87%, CV = 3.04%, and RPD = 2.96).