Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian

Turbulent Flow Optimization in Evaporator Tank using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2024-04-04T11:16:13+07:00

The increase in water content during biodiesel storage poses a significant challenge that necessitates finding a solution. One proposed approach is the implementation of a thermal vacuum dewatering system for biodiesel, which effectively reduces the water content to meet the required specifications. In this study, the biodiesel evaporator tank is the main component of the dewatering system. While the current water content reduction meets the standard, continuous optimization is essential to achieve a water content in biodiesel below 200 ppm. This research aims to optimize the turbulent flow within the biodiesel evaporator tank by employing a pipe sparger with various hole configurations through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Additionally, these simulations aim to enhance the understanding of biodiesel flow behavior as it passes through the orifice plate and pipe sparger, ultimately identifying the best operational conditions. The research encompasses CFD simulations of the biodiesel evaporator tank using both orifice plate and pipe sparger setups. Four models were investigated: biodiesel evaporator tanks equipped with an orifice plate, pipe sparger A, pipe sparger B, and pipe sparger C. The simulation results indicate that the biodiesel evaporator tank with pipe sparger C offers the most optimal turbulent flow, as evidenced by the velocity distribution observed at Re=5000, Re=10000, and Re=50000. Consequently, installing pipe sparger C in the biodiesel evaporator tank holds promise for achieving higher water content reduction compared to the orifice plate, pipe sparger A, and pipe sparger B configurations.

Characteristics of Mechanical Strength and Flexibility of Shallots Leaf

2024-04-04T11:16:14+07:00

When operating drone sprayer, such as to distribute pesticides, downwash is the major cause of damage on the plants. Therefore, understanding the mechanical properties of plants are important to be able select the proper drone to use. In this research, characteristics of leaf strength and flexibility of two types of shallots were investigated, namely the Batu Ijo and Birma varieties. Research on the characteristics of the strength and flexibility of shallots was carried out from the 3^rd to the 8^th week for the Batu Ijo and 9 varieties of Birma, 100 samples each week. The strength of the leaf was measured by pulling the leaf until it breaks by attaching a thread to the base of the leaf which is pulled by a force gauge device. Then to measure its flexibility by pulling the top of the leaf with the thread that is pulled until it touches the ground surface. From this research, data on the strength characteristics of the leaves of the Birma variety 29 N that is much stronger than the Batu Ijo variety 8.9 N got obtained. Meanwhile, for the flexural characteristics, the Batu Ijo variety was 5 N with pressure P 0,113 N/cm² more flexible than the Birma variety 3.3 N with pressure P 0,087 N/cm². The minimum bending strength of the leaves for the two varieties F is almost the same, where for the Batu Ijo variety F 0.044 N with P 0.005 N/cm²and for Birma varety F 0.041 N with pressure P 0.009 N/cm². Based on the characteristics of this minimum bending, it becomes the basis for optimizing the design of the drone sprayer blade.

Economic Evaluation of Industrial Plantation Forest Residues for Energy Fulfillment in the IKN

2024-04-04T11:16:15+07:00

Indonesia's population growth rate has been 1.25% per year in the last ten years. The increase in Indonesia's population impacted national energy consumption, increasing from 3.01 barrels oil equivalent (BOE) per capita in 2013 to 3.12 BOE per capita in 2020. The efforts to reduce these emissions is utilizing renewable energy sources, especially from the forestry sector. One of the products is biomass, or products in the form of wood pellets. Biomass from rubber plantation activities, logging residue, and sawn timber residue have an energy potential of 152 GJ per year. The government effort to overcome environmental problems is to move the Indonesia Capital City to East Kalimantan Province. There are great potential to utilize the forestry sector in supplying energy, one of which is residue from industrial plantation forests (HTI). This study calculates the economics of wood pellet products from HTI residue as raw material for Biomass Power Plants. Based on the calculation, the minimum price for wood pellets is Rp. 1,700/kg and obtained an IRR of 13.1%, NPV Rp. 41 billion, and a payback period of 8.1 years. Using the input of the economic price of wood pellets as the purchase price of raw materials for power plant, the economic price of electricity is Rp. 3,000/kWh. The price is higher than regulated price, another solution is converted electricity into steam. The minimum steam price is Rp. 740/kg, so the economics of power plant achieved IRR 11.4%, NPV Rp. 21.7 billion, and payback period of 8.3 years.

Mapping the Potential Development of Soybenas Crops Based on Growing Degree Days

2024-04-04T11:16:16+07:00

The main factors affecting plant growth and yield are soil, climate, and plants. The influence of clime is more than soil on plant growth under certain conditions. The evidence is that some cover vegetation growth conditions are much different even though they grow on the same land. In each distinct place, the harvest time of one type of plant is not the same. One crucial factor that affects this is the daily growth rate or the degree of Growing Degree Days (GDD). Know parameters such as soil type, slope, land use, rainfall, and GDD temperature by using geographic information systems in determining the suitability of agricultural commodity development areas. The study aims to determine the suitability of soybean cropland in West Sumatra based on GDD value. Conducting land suitability analysis using the GDD method through several stages, namely, the classification of soybean land suitability parameters, making a map of soybean plant land suitability in physical characteristics, classifying the GDD value of soybean plants for the West Sumatra region, and making a soybean cropland suitability map based on GDD value. The potential land for soybean cultivation in West Sumatra based on land suitability class, physical characteristics, and GDD value is 555,791.66 hectares in class S1 (very suitable) and an area of 2,313,796.44 hectares in class S2 (appropriate enough). The most optimal planting time for soybean cultivation is in August. Lima Puluh Kota Regency, Pasaman Regency, Sijunjung Regency, and Solok Regency have land suitable for soybean cultivation with more than 200 thousand hectares of areas and are in areas with growing degree days suitable for soybean growth.

Physical Characteristics of Flakes with Variations Kepok Banana Bud (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) and Mocaf Flour

2024-04-17T12:05:55+07:00

Yellow Kepok banana buds (KBB) are well-known for their high dietary fiber content and prospective use as functional food additives. High fiber consumption has been linked to diabetes prevention. The production of flakes derived from KBB has the potential to facilitate individuals in incorporating high-fiber food items into their daily diets. Nevertheless, the utilization of just Yellow KBB flour yields flakes that are deemed undesirable by consumers due to their firm consistency and deep hue. The substitution of Yellow KBB flour with a combination of wheat flour and mocaf has the potential to enhance the physical characteristics of the resulting flakes. The objective of this study is to assess the physical attributes of flakes derived from KBB. This particular flake was produced using a series of five distinct formulations. The present study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The formulas consist the proportions of wheat flour (WF), mocaf flour (MF), and Yellow Kepok banana bud (KBB). The following are the five ratios: (100%:0%:0%), (50%:50%:0%), (50%:37.5%:12.5%), (50%:25%:25%), and (50%:37.5%:12.5%). The water absorption, swelling ability, texture, and color of flakes produced from wheat, mocaf, and KBB flour were examined. The F2 sample, consisting of a composition of 50% wheat flour, 37.5% mocaf flour, and 12.5% yellow KBB flour, exhibited the highest water absorption value (63.19%) among all the samples. In addition to this, F2 can be characterized as a specimen exhibiting a relatively low level of hardness (1.63 N) and a correspondingly low fracture value (2.08 N). The F2 flakes had a much higher brightness value (37.06) in comparison to the other samples used yellow KBB flour.

Penyimpangan Iklim ENSO dan IOD di Kalimantan Tengah Serta Kaitannya dengan Produksi Kelapa Sawit

2024-04-04T11:16:18+07:00

Oil palm is a plantation crop that requires even rainfall throughout the year. Rainfall in Indonesia has 3 patterns, namely monsoonal, equatorial and local patterns. PT Harapan Hybrid Kalbar Sungai Bila Estate is the study area for this research which has an equatorial rainfall pattern. Rainfall can deviate from the general pattern of climatic conditions due to the climate variability of the El Nino Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the June July August and September October November rainfall with the El Nino Southern Oscillation index are -0.78** and -0.64*. El-Nino Southern Oscillation has a strong and inverse relationship with rainfall in the study area during the dry season with a significant value at a confidence interval of 0.01 (June, July, August) and 0.05 (September, October, November). Results of the Pearson correlation coefficient between rainfall monsoon rains June July August and September October November with an Indian Ocean Dipole index of -0.4 and -0.5. The influence of the El Nino Southern Oscillation is stronger than that of the Indian Ocean Dipole in the study area. The El Nino (Lanina) phase causes rainfall in the study area to be lower (higher) than normal conditions, resulting in a long dry season (wet dry season). Palm oil production on Sandy Loam soil types is more volatile and more vulnerable during long periods of drought than clay soil types. Palm oil production is more influenced by the number of rainy days than the amount of accumulated rainfall in a year.

Penundaan Kematangan Buah Mangga Arumanis Pada Berbagai Umur Petik Menggunakan Etilen Adsorber

2024-04-04T11:16:19+07:00

Arumanis mango is a tropical fruit with high economic value for export. One of the technologies that can be used is ethylene adsorber which is applied according to the picking date of mango and the duration of the delay in ripeness (green life phase) required for export. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of using ethylene adsorber and mango green life phase on the physical quality and eating quality of Arumanis mangoes at different picking dates, thats 100 (P1) and 110 (P2) HSBM (Days After Flowers Bloom). Ethylene adsorber bag (EAB) was applied to mangoes packaged using LDPE plastic weighing 1,000±50g. The green life phase studied was 32 and 48 days since the EAB was applied. During the green life phase, mangoes were stored at 13±2℃. EAB was removed from the packaging according to the green life phase. The results showed that the EAB application could maintain the green life of mangoes with a shelf-life scenario of 32 days. Mangoes were ready to be consumed from the first day EAB was released. The time from ripe until the panelists did not accept the mangoes was four days, thus the length of time was 36 days from storage until they were not accepted for consumption. Eating quality expressed in ^oBrix, showed that mangoes delayed with EAB yielded a value of 12,3^oBrix for P1 and 17.3^oBrix for P1, while the control yielded values of 13,7^oBrix for P1 and 16.8^oBrix for P2.

Optimization of Nata de Coco Industrial Liquid Waste Processing Using Membrane-Based Ultrafine Bubble Diffuser

2024-04-04T11:16:20+07:00

The nata de coco industry produces liquid waste which, if thrown directly into water bodies (rivers) without prior processing, has the potential to pollute the surrounding environment. Laboratory test results show that the parameters BOD 1145 mg/L, COD 1737 mg/L, and TSS 206 mg/l are far above the thresholds set by the government. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum conditions for fine bubble and micro bubble treatment of nata de coco liquid waste in reducing the characteristic values of nata de coco liquid waste. This research was carried out using experimental methods with test samples of 40 liters and 60 liters. Data collected through direct observation include DO, TDS, pH, temperature which are measured every 2 hours, while data collected through laboratory testing of BOD, COD and TSS which are tested every 12 hours and 24 hours. The data was then processed using the Taguchi method with the aim of optimizing the fine bubble treatment for changes in the characteristics of nata de coco liquid waste. The research results showed that the optimum conditions were found in the fine bubble treatment with an aeration period of 24 hours and a volume of 40 liters. The best percentage reduction in BOD was found to be 94% or 68 mg/L. COD reduction obtained the best percentage reduction of 93% and/or became 121 mg/L and TSS obtained the best percentage reduction of 69% or became 77 mg/L. These results are in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 concerning Waste Water Quality Standards

Non-Destructive Prediction of Chemical Content in Palm Oil Fruit Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Artificial Neural Network

2024-04-04T11:16:21+07:00

Oil and water content are an important quality criteria of crude palm oil (CPO) resulted from palm oil fruit processing. Those contents are usually determined using chemical method in the laboratory. This method is time consuming, long procedure, and destructive. Some efforts had been carried out to determine oil and water content of palm oil fruit non-destructively using some methods including Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), but the results had not been satisfied. This research aims to assess Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and NIRS method to predict oil and water content of palm oil fruit’s non-destructively. The samples were palm oil fruits with ten maturity levels harvested from plantation in Bogor. Sample’s reflectance was measured with spectrometer NIR-Flex 500 at wavelength of 1000-2500 nm. After that, oil and water content were determined using chemical method. Some pre-treatments of NIR spectra namely normalization, savitzky-golay first derivative, their combinations, and standard normal variate were applied. Multivariate analysis such as PLS were carried out and the results of Factor Component (FC) were input for ANN model. The result showed the best method to predict oil content was combination savitzky-golay first derivative and normalization pre-treatment using PLS-ANN with 20 FC (R²=0.99; SEC=0,58%, RPD = 29.89; CV = 2.47%). For water content, the best prediction was standard normal variate pre-treatment using PLS-ANN with 20 FC (R²=0.99; SEC=1,07%, RPD=20.68; CV=1,73%). The result shows that developed ANN and NIRS can predict oil and water content of palm oil fruit non-destructively.

An Intelligent Food Recommendation System for Dine-in Customers with Non-Communicable Diseases History

2024-04-04T11:16:13+07:00

The rising prevalence of diet-related diseases necessitates a focus on individual food selection to enhance nutrition intake and promote overall health. This study introduces a novel food recommender system utilizing artificial intelligence, specifically a genetic algorithm (GA), to intelligently match diverse nutritional needs with available food items. The research incorporates machine learning methodologies, such as collaborative and content-based filtering, to develop a recommendation model. Data from a commercial restaurant, Nutrisurvey, and the Indonesian food composition list inform the nutritional analysis of five menu items. Consumer variability, considering factors like sex, body mass index, medical conditions, and physical activity, are integrated into the GA framework for personalized food pattern matching. The presented results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model in offering tailored food recommendations for consumers with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. The multi-objective optimization technique employed in the system ensures a balance between nutritional adequacy and individual preferences. The presented GA-based approach holds promise for promoting healthier food choices tailored to individual needs, contributing to the broader goal of fostering a sustainable and personalized food system.