Desain Model Diagnostik Resiko Ergonomi pada Kelapa Sawit Secara Manual
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Abstract
Abstract
Oil palm harvesting activity is mostly done by ‘human power’ manual handling, therefore the activity may cause work safety and health problems.This research is deal with anthropometry, motion study and
biomechanic to find out the risk of manual handling and to develop ergonomic assessment model of oil palm harvesting. This model was designed in the aims to find out better work motion, good procedure and better design of harvesting tool, so the manual harvesting can be done in more safe, efficient and productive. The formula for the appropriate distance between harvester’s position and the tree and the length of egrek show that oil palm harvesting for more than 16 m bunches’s height is not safe with ‘egrek’. Critical load for neck, shoulder and forearm are 21.85 N, 1091.96 N and 1634.31 N. Ergonomic risk assesment’s tool of oil palm
manual harvesting was designed with the parameter: appropriate distance (dt), the length of egrek (lp), critical range of motion (CRM) and critical load (CL) for neck, shoulder and forearm.
Keywords: biomechanic, ergonomic, motion study, manual harvesting, oil palm.
Abstrak
Pemanenan kelapa sawit secara manual berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan biomekanik, studi gerak dan antropometri untuk mendesain model diagnostik resiko ergonomi pada pemanenan kelapa sawit secara manual. Model ini didesain untuk menghasilkan gerak kerja pemanenan dan prosedur pemanenan yang lebih baik serta rekomendasi panjang egrek yang dibutuhkan sehingga kegiatan pemanenan dapat dilakukan secara aman, efektif dan produktif. Hasil simulasi pemanenan menghasilkan formulasi jarak aman dt (m) dan formulasi panjang egrek yang dibutuhkan lp (m). Berdasarkan formula tersebut, pemanenan kelapa sawit dengan tinggi target pohon lebih dari 16 m sudah tidak aman untuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan egrek. Batas beban (critical load) yaitu 21.85 N untuk otot leher, 1,091.96 N untuk otot deltoid bahu dan 1,634.31 N untuk otot branchioradialis lengan bawah. Model diagnostik resiko ergonomi pada pemanenan kelapa sawit telah dirancang dengan parameternya adalah jarak aman (dt), panjang batang egrek yang dibutuhkan (lp), critical range of motion (CRM) dan critical load (CL) pada leher, bahu dan lengan bawah.
Kata kunci: ergonomika, studi gerak, biomekanik, kelapa sawit, pemanenan.
Diterima: 28 Oktober 2014; Disetujui: 20 Januari 2015
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