Pemetaan Indeks Stabilitas Tanah Menggunakan SINMAP di Sub-DAS Rawatamtu
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Abstract
Abstract
The research shows the application of Soil Stability Index Mapping (SINMAP) to predict the potential of landslide hazard. The study was conducted at Rawatamtu sub-Watershed, located at Jember Regency.
Input data for this study are: (1) digital elevation model (DEM), (2) physical preperties of soil, (3) rainfall data, and (4) other GIS layers collected from the study area. The DEM was obtained from ASTER GDEM2.
SINMAP calculate the soil stability index based on combination effect of: slope stability, soil properties, land use and rainfall intensity. Then, interaction of those four factors are integrated on SINMAP and are classified as soil stability index. About 50 locations were surveyed by GPS and optical camera to interpret the map qualitatively. Result show the stable zone (index value > 1.5) occupied about 64.7 % of the watershed area. Area that classified in the upper and bottom limit of landslide (i.e. potentially subject to landslide hazard) are located at both mountain areas (Mount Argopuro and Raung) of the sub-watershed.
Keywords: soil-stability-index, SINMAP, Landslide, Rawatamtu
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat peta stabilitas tanah dan menginterpretasikan indeks stabilitas tanah tersebut untuk prediksi longsor dengan menggunakan SINMAP (Soil Stability Index Mapping).
Penelitian dilakukan di Sub-Das Rawatamtu (Kab. Jember). Input data terdiri dari: (1) ASTER GDEM2 (ketelitian pixel ± 30m), (2) data karakteristik fisik tanah, (3) karakteristik fisik hujan, dan (4) lokasi titik
kontrol hasil survei GPS. SINMAP menghitung indeks stabilitas tanah dengan asumsi bahwa: proses longsor merupakan hasil kombinasi dari: stabilitas lereng, karaktersitik tanah, jenis peruntukan lahan dan
besarnya hujan. Pengaruh dan interaksi antara ke empat faktor tersebut diintegrasikan di dalam SINMAP dan dikaslifikasikan dalam suatu nilai indeks stabilitas tanah. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 64.7% dari
kawasan Sub-Das Rawatamtu berada pada zona stabil; 3.2% berada pada zona agak stabil; 3.5% berada pada zona kurang stabil; 27.1% berada pada kawasan zona batas bawah longsor; dan 1.4% berada pada kawasan zona batas atas longsor. Sebagian besar wilayah yang mencakup zona batas atas dan batas bawah longsor, berada pada lereng Gunung Argopuro dan sebagian kecil berada pada kecamatan Sumberjambe (daerah lereng Gunung Raung).
Kata Kunci : Indek Stabilitas tanah, SINMAP, Longsor, Rawatamtu.
Diterima: 03 Desember 2013;Disetujui: 10 Maret 2014
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