Pengembangan Dan Uji Kinerja Mesin Pemupuk Dosis Variabel Pada Budidaya Padi Sawah Dengan Konsep Pertanian Presisi
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
This paper discussed about the development of electronically controlled fertilizer applicator machine based on modified riding type paddy transplanter tractor. The machine had ability to perform variable rate of application dose using urea, phosphor, and NPK compound. The developed variable rate applicator (VRA) equipped with digital controlled metering devices so that the dose of application can be given accurately and the amount of application can be change in flexible way according to recommended dose. The machine has 4 unit of metering devices, has 8 application rows, and equipped with pneumatic diffusers. RTK-DGPS was used to monitor the position in the field. Performance test has been done for several parameters, included uniformity of air flow at each diffuser, granular fertilizer spreader pattern, and linearity of actual amount of fertilizer with respect to the commanded dose. Average rate of air flow in each diffuser was 0.0073 m3/s, with 7.23 % CV. Total working width of the machine was about 5 m. Field capacity was about 0.12 ha/hours. The results of the tests on metering dose showed that the develop VRA could spread fertilizer uniformly and gave accurate application dose. The yield result showed that uniformity of unhulled rice production was reached 74.7%.
Keywords: VRT, URT, fertilization, paddy, precision farming
Diterima: 21 Januari 2012 ; Disetujui; 18 Juli 2012
ABSTRAK
Makalah ini membahas tentang pengembangan system penjatah pupuk dengan control elektronik pada mesin pemupuk dosis variable menggunakan traktor perawatan lahan sawah yang telah dimodifikasi.Mesin yang dikembangkan memiliki kemampuan menjatah dosis pupuk secara variable untuk jenis pupuk urea, fosfor, dan NPK. Mesin pemupuk dosisvariabel dilengkapi dengan kontrol digital untuk penjatahan pupuk sehingga dapat memberikan takaran pupuk secaraakurat sesuai dengan dosis yang dianjurkan.Mesin memiliki empat unit penjatah pupuk,delapan baris aplikasi pupuk, dan dilengkapi dengan diffuser pneumatic untuk menyebarkan pupuk. RTK-DGPS digunakan untuk memantau posisi mesin di lahan. Uji performansi telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja mesin pada beberapa parameter pengujian, yaitu: keseragaman aliran udara bertekanan pada komponen diffuser, polase baranpupuk granular, dana kurasi jumlah pupuk yang dijatah terhadap jumlah pupuk yang dianjurkan. Rata-rata debit aliran udara pada komponen diffuser adalah 0.0073 m3/detik dengan nilai CV 7.23%. Lebar kerja mesin 5 meter.Kapasitas lapang efektif mesin0.94 ha/jam. Hasil pengujian pada jumlah dosis yang dikeluarkan menunjukkan bahwa mesin pemupuk dosisvariabel dapat menyebarkan pupuksecara merata dan akurat. Hasil panen gabah pada lahan percobaan menunjukkan nilai tingkat keseragaman hasil produksi gabah mencapai 74.7%.
Kata Kunci: Variable Rate Technology, Uniform Rate Technology, pemupukan, padi, pertanianpresisi
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