Mutu Fisik dan Rendemen Alkali Treated Cottonii Hasil Pengolahan Pada Berbagai Tingkat Konsentrasi NaOH, Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi
Abstract
Abstract
The processing of alkali treated cottonii is an alternative to increase the value of Indonesian seaweed. One type of seaweed used is the type of Eucheuma cottonii. The purpose of this study was to: (1) find an alternative replacement for KOH alkali solvent with NaOH as an alkali solvent that was effective in the treatment of alkali treated cottonii. (2) analyze the effect of alkali NaOH treatment, temperature and extraction time on physical quality and yield of alkali treated cottonii, (3) determine the best method of extraction process. This research was carried out by a treatment method consisting of 2 NaOH concentrations 6% and 8%, 70° C and 80° C and 15 minutes and 30 minutes soaking time. Seaweed water content used is 35%. Seaweed was weighed, washed, immersed in NaOH solution in certain temperatures and soaking times. The seweed was dried until 9% water content and then cut to 2-3 cm length. Then physical quality of alkali treated conttoni was measured and the yield was determined. This research was repeated 3 times to obtain 24 experimental units. The range of yields is 27.33-34.00%. The range of gel strength values is equal to 195.70-402.56 g/cm2. The range of viscosity values obtained was 4.39-31.72 cP. Samples showing the best quality were obtained from alkali treated cottonii samples extracted using 8% NaOH concentration, 800C temperature and 30 minutes extraction time fulfilling the quality standards set by FAO and BSN.
Abstrak
Pengolahan alkali treated cottonii merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan nilai rumput laut Indonesia. Salah satu jenis rumput laut yang digunakan yakni jenis Eucheuma cottonii. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mencari alternatif penggantian pelarut alkali KOH dengan NaOH sebagai pelarut alkali yang efektif dalam proses pengolahan alkali treated cottonii. (2) menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan alkali NaOH, suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap mutu fisik dan rendemen alkali treated cottonii, (3) menentukan metode proses ekstraksi yang terbaik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode perlakuan yang terdiri atas 2 konsentrasi NaOH yakni 6% dan 8%, suhu 70°C dan 80°C serta lama perendaman 15 menit dan 30 menit. Kadar air rumput laut yang digunakan sebesar 35%. Rumput laut ditimbang dan dicuci, kemudian direndam dalam larutan NaOH dengan 2 konsentrasi (6% dan 8%) pada 2 taraf suhu (70°C dan 80°C) selama 2 taraf waktu (15 menit dan 30 menit). Kemudian rumput laut dicuci sampai mencapai pH 7-9. Selanjutnya rumput laut dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada suhu 60°C selama 18 jam hingga mencapai kadar air 9%. Kemudian rumput laut dipotong menjadi ukuran 2-3 cm. Penelitian ini diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 satuan percobaan. Tahapan selanjutnya yakni analisis mutu fisik (kekuatan gel dan viskositas) dan rendemen alkali treated cottonii. Kisaran nilai rendemen yakni 27.33-34.00%. Kisaran nilai kekuatan gel yakni sebesar 195.70-402.56 g/cm2. Kisaran nilai viskositas didapatkan sebesar 4.39-31.72 cP. Sampel yang menunjukan kualitas terbaik diperoleh dari sampel alkali treated cottonii yang diekstraksi menggunakan konsentrasi NaOH 8%, suhu 80°C dan waktu ekstraksi 30 menit memenuhi standar mutu yang telah ditetapkan oleh FAO dan BSN.
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