Mutu Fisik dan Rendemen Alkali Treated Cottonii Hasil Pengolahan Pada Berbagai Tingkat Konsentrasi NaOH, Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi
Abstract
Abstract
The processing of alkali treated cottonii is an alternative to increase the value of Indonesian seaweed. One type of seaweed used is the type of Eucheuma cottonii. The purpose of this study was to: (1) find an alternative replacement for KOH alkali solvent with NaOH as an alkali solvent that was effective in the treatment of alkali treated cottonii. (2) analyze the effect of alkali NaOH treatment, temperature and extraction time on physical quality and yield of alkali treated cottonii, (3) determine the best method of extraction process. This research was carried out by a treatment method consisting of 2 NaOH concentrations 6% and 8%, 70° C and 80° C and 15 minutes and 30 minutes soaking time. Seaweed water content used is 35%. Seaweed was weighed, washed, immersed in NaOH solution in certain temperatures and soaking times. The seweed was dried until 9% water content and then cut to 2-3 cm length. Then physical quality of alkali treated conttoni was measured and the yield was determined. This research was repeated 3 times to obtain 24 experimental units. The range of yields is 27.33-34.00%. The range of gel strength values is equal to 195.70-402.56 g/cm2. The range of viscosity values obtained was 4.39-31.72 cP. Samples showing the best quality were obtained from alkali treated cottonii samples extracted using 8% NaOH concentration, 800C temperature and 30 minutes extraction time fulfilling the quality standards set by FAO and BSN.
Abstrak
Pengolahan alkali treated cottonii merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan nilai rumput laut Indonesia. Salah satu jenis rumput laut yang digunakan yakni jenis Eucheuma cottonii. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mencari alternatif penggantian pelarut alkali KOH dengan NaOH sebagai pelarut alkali yang efektif dalam proses pengolahan alkali treated cottonii. (2) menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan alkali NaOH, suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap mutu fisik dan rendemen alkali treated cottonii, (3) menentukan metode proses ekstraksi yang terbaik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode perlakuan yang terdiri atas 2 konsentrasi NaOH yakni 6% dan 8%, suhu 70°C dan 80°C serta lama perendaman 15 menit dan 30 menit. Kadar air rumput laut yang digunakan sebesar 35%. Rumput laut ditimbang dan dicuci, kemudian direndam dalam larutan NaOH dengan 2 konsentrasi (6% dan 8%) pada 2 taraf suhu (70°C dan 80°C) selama 2 taraf waktu (15 menit dan 30 menit). Kemudian rumput laut dicuci sampai mencapai pH 7-9. Selanjutnya rumput laut dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada suhu 60°C selama 18 jam hingga mencapai kadar air 9%. Kemudian rumput laut dipotong menjadi ukuran 2-3 cm. Penelitian ini diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 satuan percobaan. Tahapan selanjutnya yakni analisis mutu fisik (kekuatan gel dan viskositas) dan rendemen alkali treated cottonii. Kisaran nilai rendemen yakni 27.33-34.00%. Kisaran nilai kekuatan gel yakni sebesar 195.70-402.56 g/cm2. Kisaran nilai viskositas didapatkan sebesar 4.39-31.72 cP. Sampel yang menunjukan kualitas terbaik diperoleh dari sampel alkali treated cottonii yang diekstraksi menggunakan konsentrasi NaOH 8%, suhu 80°C dan waktu ekstraksi 30 menit memenuhi standar mutu yang telah ditetapkan oleh FAO dan BSN.
References
2015. Analisis CFD Aliran Udara Panas pada
Pengering Tipe Rak dengan Sumber Energi Gas
Buang. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 3(1): 9-16.
Atmaka, W., E. Nurhartadi, dan M.M. Karim. 2013.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Campuran Karagenan
dan Konjak Terhadap Karakterisik Permen
Jelly Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb).
Jurnal Teknosains Pangan. 2(2). ISSN: 2302-
0733.
Azizi, R. dan A. Farahnaky. 2016. Ultrasound
assisted-viscosifying of kappa carrageenan
without heating. Food Hydrocolloids. 61: 85-91.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2009. Rumput
laut kering. SNI 2690.1:2009. Jakarta: Badan
Standardisasi Nasional.
Campo, V.L., D.F. Kawano, D.B. da Silva, and
I. Carvalho. 2009. Carrageenans: Biological
properties, chemical modifications and structural
analysis. Carbohydrate Polymers. 77(3): 167-
180.
Chen, Y., M.L. Liao and D.E. Dunstan. 2002. The
rheology of K+ κ- carrageenan as a weak gel.
Carbohydrate Polymers. 50: 109-116.
Djaeni, M., S.B. Sasongko, A. Prasetyaningrum, X.
Jin, and A.J. Boxtel. 2012. Carrageenan drying
with dehumidified air: drying characteristics and
product quality. International Journal of Food
Engineering. 8: 21-27.
[FAO] Food Agriculture Organization. 2007.
Compendium of Food Additive Spesification.
Rome. Communication Division FAO Viale delle
Terme de Caracalla.
[FMC Corp] Food Marine Colloids Corporation.
1977. Carrageenan: Marine colloid monograph
number one. Springfield New Jersey (ID): Marine
Colloid Division FMC Corporation 23-29.
Feng, L., Y. Cao, D. Xu, S. Wang, and J. Zhang.
2017. Molecular weight distribution, rheological
property and structural changes of sodium
alginate induced by ultrasound. Ultrasonics
Sonochemistry. 34: 609-615.
Kadir, A.M., Supratomo dan Salengke. 2012.
Karakteristik alkali treated cottonii (ATC) dari
rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii pada berbagai
konsentrasi KOH, lama pemasakan dan suhu
pemanasan. Skripsi Universitas Hasanudin
Makasar. 112 hlm.
Knudsen, N.R., M.T. Ale, F. Ajalloueian, L. Yu, and
A.S. Meyer. 2017. Rheological properties of agar
and carrageenan from Ghanaian red seaweeds.
Food Hydrocolloids. 63: 50-58.
McHugh, D.J. 2003. A Guide to the Seaweed
Industry. Rome. FAO of the United Nations.
Neish, I.C. 1989. Alkali Treatment of Carrageenan
Bearing Seaweeds Past. Present and future.
FMC corporation. Marine colloid Div 11 pp.
Rizal, M., Mappiratu, dan A.R. Razak. 2016.
Optimalisasi produksi semi refined carrageenan
(SRC) dari rumput laut (eucheuma0cottonii).
Kovalen. 2(1): 33-38.
Safitri, E., Sudarno, dan R. Kusdarwati. 2017. Effect
of Adding Carrageenan Against Crude Fiber
Content and Gel Strength Value Increasing in
Composites Kamaboko Products of Mullet Fish
(Mugil cephalus) and Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis
mossambicus). Journal of Marine and Coastal
Science 6(2): 101-114.
Syamsuar. 2006. Karakteristik karaginan rumput
laut Eucheuma cottonii pada berbagai umur
panen, konsentrasi KOH dan lama ekstraksi.
Tesis Institut Pertanian Bogor. 89 hlm.
Suryaningrum, M., D.E. Mei. 1991. Pengaruh
perlakuan alkali dan volume larutan pengekstrak
terhadap mutu karaginan dari rumput laut
Eucheuma cottonii. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan
Indonesia 9(5): 65-103.
Ulfah, M. 2009. Pemanfaatan Iota Karaginan
(Eucheuma spinosum) dan Kappa Karaginan
(Kappaphycus alvarezii) sebagai Sumber Serat
untuk Meningkatkan Kekenyalan Mie Kering.
Skripsi Institut Pertanian Bogor. 103 hlm.
Velde F.V.D. and G.A.D. Ruiter,2002. Carrageenan.
Biopolymers. 6: 1-35.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that copyright of manuscripts of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA) where Authors and Readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, but they must give appropriate credit (cite to the article or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.