Studi Variasi Kuat Medan Listrik PEF dan Metode Pengeringan Bahan Terhadap Senyawa Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus L.)
Abstract
Abstract
Torbangun leaf (Coleus amboinicus L.) is an Indonesian plant containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds that act as antioxidants. One method widely used to extract antioxidants from plants is maceration. However, maceration has disadvantages such as time- and solvent-consuming also gives a low yield. Therefore, to solve these disadvantages, the extraction of antioxidant compounds from torbangun leaves has been done using the maceration method with Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) as pretreatment. Before the extraction process, fresh
torbangun leaves were dried by using two methods: oven and microwave. Next, torbangun dried-leaves were pretreated by using PEF at various electric field strengths (1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; and 3.5 kV/cm) for 20 seconds and followed by a four hours maceration process. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of extracts were then analyzed using Folin Ciocalteau and Calorimetric AlCl3 methods, respectively. While antioxidant activity (IC50) was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that the best result was obtained on microwave-dried material with PEF pretreatment at 2.5 kV/cm, yielding extract yield of 18.85% with TPC, TFC and IC50 were 60.16 mg GAE/g dw, 34.94 mg QE/g dw, and 0.98 mg/ml, respectively.
Abstrak
Daun torbangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) merupakan tanaman etnobotani Indonesia yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang dapat berperan sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu metode yang banyak
digunakan untuk mengekstraksi antioksidan dari tanaman adalah maserasi. Namun, maserasi mempunyai kelemahan yaitu lamanya waktu dan banyaknya pelarut yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi, serta rendahnya
kandungan senyawa antioksidan yang terekstrak. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini, proses ekstraksi antioksidan dari daun torbangun dilakukan dengan metode maserasi yang dimodifikasi dengan pretreatment
menggunakan Pulse Electric Field (PEF) guna mempersingkat waktu ekstraksi, meminimalkan penggunaan pelarut dan meningkatkan kandungan senyawa antioksidan, khususnya senyawa fenolik. Sebelum dilakukan proses ekstraksi, daun torbangun dikeringkan dengan menggunakan dua metode, yaitu metode oven dan microwave. Selanjutnya, daun torbangun kering di-pretreatment dengan PEF pada berbagai variasi kuat medan listrik (1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; dan 3.5 kV/cm) selama 20 detik dan dilanjutkan dengan proses maserasi selama 4 jam.
Larutan ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis kandungan total fenolik (Total Phenolic Content, TPC) dan flavonoidnya (Total Flavonoid Content, TFC) serta aktivitas antioksidannya (IC50). Analisis TPC dan TFC masingmasing dilakukan dengan metode Folin Ciocalteu dan kalorimetri AlCl3, sedangkan pengujian IC50 dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode 1,1-difenil-2-pikrihidrazil (DPPH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada daun torbangun yang dikeringkan dengan microwave (daya 450 watt selama 4 menit) dan di-pretreatment menggunakan PEF pada kuat medan listrik 2.5 kV/cm, menghasilkan rendemen ekstrak sebanyak 18.85% dengan TPC, TFC dan IC50 masing-masing sebesar 60.16 mg GAE/g dw, 34.94 mg QE/g dw, dan 0.98 mg/ml.
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