Desain dan Kinerja Mesin Ekstruder Twin Screw untuk Pembuatan Pakan Ikan Terapung
Abstract
Abstract
Production of floating fish feed independently by fish farmer group currently constrained with types of extruders available. Single screw extruders used fail to produce floating fish feed. It caused by the extrusion process is not optimal due to either temperature or improper screw speed. An alternative solution is using extruder twin screw with temperature and screw speed can be controlled. The objective of the study is developing and assessing of twin screw extruder performance in producing floating fish feed. Principle work of extruders is conveying and mixing feed stuff to the dies under high temperature and pressure. The main component of extruder consists of a motor drive, screw, barrel, heater, dies, and cutter. Evaluation of extruder performance involve temperature, screw speed, engine power, and quality of feed produced that are floatability and unit density. The result of design and assessment are obtained prototype of twin screw extruders which have capacity 10,93 kg/h, stability temperature and screw speed, the power requirement is 5,17 kW, specific mechanical energy 136,11 kj.kg-1. Produced fish feed have floatability 96% and unit density 0,620 (mg/mm3).
Abstrak
Pembuatan pakan ikan terapung secara mandiri oleh kelompok pembudidaya saat ini terkendala jenis ekstruder yang tersedia. Ekstruder single screw yang digunakan belum bisa menghasilkan pakan ikan terapung. Karena proses ekstrusi yang tidak optimal baik disebabkan suhu maupun putaran screw yang tidak tepat. Sebagai alternatif ialah dengan menggunakan ekstruder twin screw dengan suhu dan putaran yang bisa dikontrol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan menguji kinerja ekstruder twin screw dalam memproduksi pakan ikan terapung. Prinsip kerja dari ekstruder adalah mendorong dan mengaduk bahan pakan menuju dies dalam kondisi tekanan dan panas yang tinggi. Komponen utama ekstruder terdiri dari motor penggerak, twin screw, barrel, element pemanas, dies dan pemotong. Pengujian kinerja meliputi suhu, kecepatan screw, daya mesin serta kualitas pakan yang dihasilkan berupa daya apung dan unit density. Hasil desain dan pengujian diperoleh mesin ekstruder dengan kapasitas 10,93 kg/jam, suhu dan putaran screw stabil saat dioperasikan, kebutuhan daya sebesar 5,17 kW, specific mechanical energy 136,11 kj.kg-1. Pakan ikan yang dihasilkan memiliki daya apung 96 % dan unit density 0,620 (mg/mm3).
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