Kajian Perlakuan Dingin Untuk Pengendalian Lalat Buah Pada Jeruk Mandarin
Abstract
Abstract
Indonesia has a high volume of import fruit especially Mandarin orange. This fact is highly asociate with the spread of new pests and diseases from their original countries to the plants in Indonesia. Therefore, quarantine treatment is important activity that must be done. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of cold treatment as a quarantine method for controlling fruit fly of Mandarin orange and to ensure the best quality of the fruit. The methods are contain from several step. First, was determine the most tolerant stage in cold temperature (2 oC and 3 oC for 18 days), then large scale trial, physical and sensory quality test. The result of pest control showed that the second instar of Bactrocera cucurbitae was the most resistant of cold treatment. Large scale trial at 3oC for 18 days has reached 100% mortality. For comparing before and after cold treatment, it was a significant difference of hardness parameter. While resulted in hedonic test showed that no significant difference of consumer preference to the fruit in different retail storage system for 15 days. Thus, it can be concluded that different temperature has no effect to consumer preference to overall quality of Mandarin orange fruit.
Abstrak
Indonesia memiliki nilai impor buah yang tinggi terutama jeruk Mandarin. Hal ini berdampak pada meningkatnya resiko penyebaran hama dan penyakit baru dari Negara pengekspor ke tanaman di Indonesia. Sehingga perlakuan karantina merupakan hal sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan efektivitas dari perlakuan dingin sebagai metode karantina untuk mengontrol Bactrocera cucurbitae pada jeruk Mandarin dan memastikan kualitas buah masih dalam keadaan baik. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari beebrapa tahap. Tahap pertama adalah penentuan spesies yang paling resisten pada suhu rendah (2 oC dan 3 oC selama 18 hari), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji skala besar, uji kualitas fisik dan sensori buah. Hasil perlakuan dingin menyatakan bahwa stadia instar kedua dari Bactrocera cucurbitae merupakan yang paling tahan terhadap perlakuan dingin. Uji skala besar pada 3oC selama 18 hari mampu mematikan stadia yang paling tahan hingga tingkat mortalitas 100%. Uji kualitas sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ini mempengaruhi kekerasan buah, sedangkan hasil uji hedonik menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan pada tingkat kesukaan konsumen terhadap buah hasil perlakuan yang disimpan dengan perbedaan suhu di tingkat pengecer selama 15 hari. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa perbedaan suhu tidak berpengaruh pada tingkat kesukaan konsumen terhadap kualitas secara keseluruhan jeruk Mandarin.
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