Mempelajari Tingkat Kematangan Buah Melon Golden Apollo Menggunakan Parameter Sinyal Suara
Abstract
Abstract
Melon is a fruit with healthful and economic value. Determination of melon ripeness is still done manually by tapping, so that the measurement results are inconsistent, subjective, and slow. This research aims to study the melon ripeness level using the acoustic impulse response to fruit ripeness parameters at different ages and determine the acoustic parameters that play a role in distinguishing ripness level of melon. The result showed, the character of the acoustic impulse is correlated to the time of harvest with -0.5000> r >0.5000. Magnitudes of the acoustic signal were positively correlated (r = 0.5115) to the flesh flesh firmness. Based on the discriminant analysis, acoustic parameters that can predict melon ripeness are the frequency, short-term energy, and Mo. Regrouping result into four harvest times by quadratic discriminant function showed 67.27% sample of fruit could be grouped appropriately, while regrouping the samples into two groups, ripe and unripe fruits, showed 75.91% sample of fruits could be grouped correctly.
Abstrak
Melon merupakan buah dengan kandungan gizi dan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Penentuan kematangan buah ini masih dilakukan secara manual dengan mengetuk, sehingga hasil pengukuran tidak konsisten, subjektif, dan lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari tingkat kematangan buah melon menggunakan respon impuls akustik buah melon terhadap parameter kematangan buah pada empat umur panen yang berbeda serta menentukan parameter akustik yang berperan dalam membedakan tingkat kematangan buah melon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, karakter sinyal gelombang suara berkorelasi terhadap umur panen buah melon dengan -0.5000> r >0.5000. Magnitud gelombang suara berkorelasi positif (r = 0.5115) terhadap kekerasan daging buah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diskriminan, parameter gelombang suara yang mampu membedakan kematangan buah melon dengan baik adalah frekuensi, short term energy, dan Mo. Hasil klasifikasi ulang ke dalam empat kelompok umur panen buah melon menggunakan fungsi diskriminan kuadratik menunjukkan sejumlah 67.27% sampel buah dapat dikelompokkan dengan tepat berdasarkan umur panennya, sedangkan tingkat keberhasilan pengelompokan ke dalam dua kelompok buah melon matang dan buah melon belum matang adalah sebesar 75.91%.
References
Chen P., Z. Sun, L. Huarng. 1992. Factors affecting acoustic responses of apples. Trans. ASAE. 35:1915–1992.
Duprat F., M. Grotte, E. Pietri, D. Loonis. 1997. The acoustic impulse response method for measuring the overall firmness of fruit. J. Agric.
Engng. Res. 66: 251–259.
Galili N., I. Shmulevich, N. Benichou. 1998. Acoustic testing for fruit ripeness evaluation. Trans. ASAE. 41: 399–407.
Giannakopoulos T., A. Pikrakis. 2014. Introduction to Suara Analysis. Academic Pressis an imprint of Elsevier.
Gomez A.H., A.G. Pereira, J. Wang. 2006. Accoustic impulse response potential to measure mandarin fruit ripeness during storage. Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias. 15: 24-30.
Hayashi S., J. Sugiyama, K. Otobe, Y. Kikuchi, S. Usui. 1992. Nondestructive measurement for maturity of muskmelons by analysis of acousticsignals. Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology – Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi. 39 (6): 465–470.
202.
Johnson R.A., Wichern D.W. 2007. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis 6th Ed. Pearson Education Inc.
Kuroki S., M. Tohro, N. Sakurai. 2006. Monitoring of the elasticity index of melon fruit in a greenhouse. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 75: 415–420.
Mizrach A., N. Galili, D.C. Teitel, G. Rosenhouse. 1994. Ultrasonic evaluation of some ripening parameters of autumn and winter-grown ‘Galia’ melons. Scientia Horticulturae 56 (4): 291–297.
Peleg K., U. Ben-Hanan, S. Hinga. 1990. Classification of avocado by firmness and maturity. J. Text. Stud. 21: 123–129.
Sri W.S., Surtono, Arif, Hafidz, Fahmi M. 2007. Analisis spektrum frekuensi bunyi dari beragam daging buah dengan berbagai tingkat
kematangan berbasis komputer. J FMIPA Unila. 13: 261-266.
Sugiyama J., K. Otobe, S. Hayashi, S. Usui. 1994. Firmness measurement of muskmelons by acoustic impulse transmission. Trans. ASAE. 37 (4): 1235–1241.
Taniwaki M., M. Takahashi, N. Sakurai. 2009. Determination of optimum ripeness foredibility of postharvest melons using nondestructive vibration.Food Res. Int.42: 137–141.
Taniwaki M., M. Tohro, N. Sakurai. 2010. Measurement of ripening speed and determination of optimum ripeness of melons by a nondestructive acoustic vibration method. Postharvert Biology and Tech. 56: 101-103.
Wang, J. 2004. Mechanical properties of pear as a function of location and orientation. Inter. J. Food Prop. 7: 155–164.
Wang J., B. Teng, Y. Yu. 2004. Pear dynamic characteristics and firmness detection.Eur. Food Res. Technol.218: 289–294.
Yamamoto H., M. Iwamoto, S. Haginuma. 1980. Acoustic impulse response method for measuring natural frequency of intact fruits and preliminary applications to internal quality evaluations of apples and watermelons. J. Text. Stud. 11: 117–136.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that copyright of manuscripts of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA) where Authors and Readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, but they must give appropriate credit (cite to the article or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.