Pengaruh Perlakuan Air Panas terhadap Mutu Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Selama Penyimpanan
Abstract
Abstract
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the potential tropical fruits in Indonesia. Guava productivity can decrease because of pest attacks. Fruit fly (Bactrocera carambolae) is one of guava major pests. It’s needed a treatment that can annihilate fruit fly without affecting the fruit quality. Hot water treatment (HWT) is known as one of popular method for fruit fly disinfestation. HWT at 46oC for a minimum of 15 min is known as a method for B. carambolae disinfestation.This research aimed to observe temperature development during HWT and to study the effects of HWT and storage temperature on guava quality. Red guava was treated by hot water at 46oC for 10, 20, 30 min and then stored at two temperatures, 10oC and 28 ± 2oC. Respiration rate and fruit quality were observed during storage.Respiration rate, weight losses, hardness, moisture content, total soluble solid, and color of guava aren’t affected by HWT at 46oC for 10 - 30 min. Low temperature significantly decreased the respiration rate and weight losses during storage. It’s also maintained moisture content and color of guava.
Abstrak
Buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) merupakan salah satu buah tropis berpotensi di Indonesia. Produktifitas jambu biji dapat mengalami penurunan karena adanya serangan hama. Salah satu hama utama jambu biji adalah lalat buah dengan spesies Bactrocera carambolae. Diperlukan suatu perlakuan yang dapat membunuh lalat buah tersebut dengan tidak mempengaruhi mutu buah. Perlakuan air panas diketahui sebagai salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan untuk disinfestasi lalat buah. Perlakuan air panas pada suhu 46oC selama minimal 15 menit diketahui dapat membunuh B. Carambolae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perkembangan suhu selama proses perlakuan air panas dan mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan lama perlakuan air panas terhadap mutu buah jambu biji selama penyimpanan. Buah jambu biji merah diberi perlakuan air panas dengan suhu pusat 46oC selama 10, 20, 30 menit dan kontrol kemudian disimpan pada dua taraf suhu berbeda, yaitu suhu 10oC dan 28 ± 2oC. Selama penyimpanan dilakukan pengamatan laju respirasi dan perubahan mutu buah. Perlakuan air panas pada suhu pusat buah 46oC selama 10 - 30 menit tidak berpengaruh terhadap laju respirasi, susut bobot, kekerasan, kadar air, total padatan terlarut, dan warna buah jambu biji. Suhu rendah dapat menekan laju respirasi dan susut bobot buah selama penyimpanan. Selain itu, suhu rendah juga dapat mempertahankan kadar air dan warna buah jambu biji.
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