Pengembangan Metode Akuisisi Data Kandungan Unsur Hara Makro Secara Spasial dengan Sensor EC dan GPS
Abstract
Abstract
Spatial data of soil properties which are accurate and inexpensive is necessary to improve yields and to plan precision farming strategies. Currently the problem lies in the data that are not always updated, because the conventional soil testing is costly and relatively time consuming. This is due to the location of the soil testing laboratory which is far away from the location of the farm. So that the map information soil
nutrient content is usually renewed in certain interval of time. In addition, available data are still global and not location specific. Electrical conductivity (EC) can be used as an indicator for measuring the condition of the soil in precision farming applications because of its fast and efficient. This study aims to develop an acquisition method of spatial macro nutrient content as reference for recommendation of fertilizer dossage. The study was conducted on 0.1 ha of land which was divided into 40 grid with a size of 5 x 5 m and planted with peanuts. There was an increase in the average EC 1.40 mS/m (period 1) and 1.36 mS/m (period 2) after tillage with a rotary plow. EC decreased after peanuts cultivation with an average of 4.27 mS/m (period 1) and 0.03 mS/m (period 2). Yields and EC values of each grid had a linear correlation with R2: 0.7005.
Abstrak
Data spasial sifat-sifat tanah yang akurat dan murah sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan hasil panen dan merencanakan strategi pertanian presisi. Saat ini permasalahannya terletak pada data yang tidak selalu diperbarui, karena pengujian tanah secara konvensional membutuhkan biaya yang mahal dan waktu yang relatif lama. Hal ini disebabkan lokasi laboratorium pengujian tanah yang letaknya jauh dari lokasi pertanian, sehingga peta yang memberikan informasi kandungan unsur hara tanah biasanya diperbaharui dalam interval waktu tertentu. Selain itu data yang tersedia masih bersifat global dan tidak spesifik lokasi.
Nilai konduktivitas listrik tanah (EC) dapat digunakan sebagai indikator untuk mengukur kondisi tanah dalam aplikasi pertanian presisi karena pengukurannya yang cepat dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode akuisisi data kandungan unsur hara makro secara spasial sebagai acuan rekomendasi dosis pemupukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 0.1 ha lahan yang dibagi dalam 40 grid dengan ukuran 5 x 5 m dan ditanami kacang tanah. Terjadi peningkatan EC rata-rata 1.40 mS/m (periode
1) dan 1.36 mS/m (periode 2) setelah pengolahan tanah dengan bajak rotari. EC mengalami penurunan setelah budidaya dengan rata-rata 4.27 mS/m (periode 1) dan 1.34 mS/m (periode 2). Hasil dan nilai-nilai EC setiap grid memiliki korelasi linear dengan R2: 0,7005.
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