Effects of Steel Slag, Fly Ash and Bottom Ash on the Growth of Rice Plant in Peat Soil
Abstract
Industrial activities in Indonesia generate waste such as steel slag, fly ash and bottom ash which contain macro, micro and beneficial nutrients. These industrial wastes are able to improve the quality of soil such as peat soil. However, these waste materials also contain toxic heavy metals that need to be assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of steel slag, fly ash and bottom ash on the chemical properties of peat soil, the growth of rice plant (IR 64 variety), yield production and content of toxic heavy metals in rice. The ameliorant applied in each treatment were 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 and 10,0% of the oven-dry soil weight. The incubation experiments showed that the addition of steel slag and fly ash was able to increase pH, available Ca, Mg and Si. Meanwhile bottom ash treatment only slightly improved the chemical properties of peat soil. In the green house experiment, the addition of steel slag, fly ash and bottom ash to peat soil was able to improve the growth of rice plant and yield production. The positive response of rice plants was related to increasing peat soil pH and availability of Si, Ca and Mg derived from the soil amendments. The rice did not contain Pb but contained Cd metals. Cd content in rice was within the maximum permissible limit for the heavy metal contaminants in the rice polished according to SNI 6128:2020.
Downloads
References
[Balitbangtan] Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. 2016. Lahan Gambut Indonesia. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta.
[BBSDLP] Balai Besar Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. 2019. Peta Lahan Gambut Indonesia 1:50.000. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta.
Agus, F., I.G.M. Subiksa. 2008. Lahan Gambut: Potensi untuk Pertanian dan Aspek Lingkungan. Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor. 36 pp.
Alloway, B.J. 1995. Heavy Metals in Soils. 2nd ed. Halsted Press John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Chand, S., B. Paul and M. Kumar. 2015. An overview of use of linz-donawitz (LD) steel slag in agriculture. Curr World Environ. 10(3):975–984. doi:10.12944/cwe.10.3.29.
Choo, L.N.L.K., O.H. Ahmed, S.A.A. Talib, M.Z.A Ghani. and S. Sekot. 2020. Clinoptilolite zeolite on tropical peat soils nutrient, growth, fruit quality, and yield of carica papaya L. CV. sekaki. Agronomy, 10(9). doi:10.3390/agronomy10091320.
Damayanti, R. 2018. Abu batubara dan pemanfaatannya: Tinjauan teknis karakteristik secara kimia dan toksikologinya. J. Tekmira, 14(3): 213–231. doi:10.30556/jtmb.vol14.no3.2018.966.
Das, P., S. Upadhyay, S. Dubey and K.K. Singh. 2021. Waste to wealth: Recovery of value-added products from steel slag. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(4): 105640. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105640.
Exposto, L.A.S.M. and I.N. Sujaya. 2021. The impacts of hazardous and toxic waste management: A systematic review. Interdiscip. Soc. Stud., 1(2): 103–123. doi:10.55324/iss.v1i2.20.
Haris, M., M.S. Ansari and A.A. Khan. 2021. Supplementation of fly ash improves growth, yield, biochemical, and enzymatic antioxidant response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol., 62(5): 715–724. doi:10.1007/s13580-021-00351-0.
Harun, M.K., S. Anwar, E.I.K. Putri and H.S. Arifin. 2020. Sifat kimia dan tinggi muka air tanah gambut pada tiga tipe penggunaan lahan di fisiografi kubah gambut dan rawa belakang KHG Kahayan-Sebagau. J. Hutan Trop., 8(3): 315. doi:10.20527/jht.v8i3.9632.
James, A.K., R.W. Thring, S. Helle and H.S. Ghuman. 2012. Ash management review-applications of biomass bottom ash. Energies., 5(10): 3856–3873. doi:10.3390/en5103856.
Las, I., Sukarman, K. Subagyono, D.A. Suriadikarta, M. Noor and A. Jumberi. 2007. Grand design lahan rawa. Di dalam: Revitalisasi Kawasan PLG dan Lahan Rawa Lainnya untuk Membangun Lumbung Pangan Nasional. Seminar Nasional Pertanian Lahan Rawa I. Kuala Kapuas: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian. hlm. 29–48.
Marcotte, A.L., J. Limpens, C.R. Stoof and J.J. Stoorvogel. 2022. Can ash from smoldering fires increase peatland soil pH?. Int. J. Wildl. Fire, 31(6): 607–620. doi:10.1071/WF21150.
Marlina, Nelvia and Armaini. 2017. Ameliorasi tanah gambut dengan berbagai limbah industri terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil dua varietas jagung (Zea mays L.). J Agroteknologi. 7(2):21–28.
Mortensen, L.H., C. Cruz-Paredes, O. Schmidt, R. Rønn and M. Vestergård. 2019. Ash application enhances decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter. Soil Biol. Biochem., 135: 316–322. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.05.021.
Nelvia. 2018. The use of fly ash in peat soil on the growth and yield of rice. J. Agric. Sci., 40(3): 527–535. doi:10.1017/S0021859618000163.
Ning, D., Y. Liang, Z. Liu, J. Xiao and A. Duan. 2016. Impacts of steel-slag-based silicate fertilizer on soil acidity and silicon availability and metals-immobilization in a paddy soil. PLoS One, 11(12): 1–15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168163.
Panda, S.S., L.P. Mishra, S.D. Muduli, B.D. Nayak and N.K. Dhal. 2015. The effect of fly ash on vegetative growth and photosynthetic pigment concentrations of rice and maize. Biologija, 61(2). doi:10.6001/biologija.v61i2.3143.
Pohan, F.N. 2012. Aplikasi steel slag, dolomit, silica gel dan pupuk mikro pada tanaman padi di tanah gambut [tesis]. IPB. Bogor.
Rejeki, Y.S., Nelvia and Saryono. 2014. Phytoremediation with Acasia (Acasia crassicarpa) on peat soil using fly ash and dreg as ameliorants. Indones. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1(1): 22–27.
Singh, J.S., V.C. Pandey and D.P. Singh. 2011. Coal fly ash and farmyard manure amendments in dry-land paddy agriculture field: Effect on N-dynamics and paddy productivity. Appl. Soil Ecol., 47(2): 133–140. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.11.011.
Wang, X., X. Li, X. Yan, C. Tu and Z. Yu. 2021. Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: A review. Pedosphere, 31(1): 28–42. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(20)60058-3.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Faculty of Agriculture Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University
