Analisis Beban Pencemar Logam Berat Industri terhadap Kualitas Sungai Citarum Hulu
Analysis of Industrial Heavy Metal Pollutant Load on Upstream Citarum River
Abstract
Berbagai penelitian mengatakan bahwa kualitas Sungai Citarum sudah tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Sungai Citarum Hulu telah tercemar oleh logam berat. Hasil yang didapatkan belum menggambarkan pencemaran yang sebenarnya karena sebagian besar logam berat terakumulasi pada sedimen atau biota akuatik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis konsentrasi logam berat di air dan sedimen sungai untuk mengetahui kualitas sungai kemudian melakukan simulasi pencemaran logam berat di air sungai bila efluen industri memenuhi baku mutu. Pengukuran logam berat dilakukan menggunakan AAS setelah mengekstraksi sampel air (SNI 6989.17:2009) dan sedimen (EPA Method 200.2 1994). Simulasi pencemaran logam berat di sungai dilakukan dengan menghitung konsentrasi campuran logam berat (air sungai dan efluen industri). Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan Sungai Citarum Hulu mengandung logam berat Cr, Cu, Zn, dan Ni baik pada air maupun sedimen sungai dari Danau Cisanti hingga Nanjung. Konsentrasi keempat logam berat pada sedimen lebih besar dari konsentrasi pada air. Pada air, konsentrasi logam terlarut lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan logam total. Lokasi dengan konsentrasi logam berat tertinggi pada air adalah Sapan dan Cisirung. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa walaupun industri mengeluarkan efluen sesuai dengan baku mutu efluen industri, baku mutu sungai pada beberapa daerah tetap tidak tercapai. Baku mutu sungai dan efluen serta sistem monitoring sungai perlu dievaluasi.
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