Spatial Distribution and Landscape Characteristics of Flores Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus Floris) Habitat in Flores Island Distribusi Spasial dan Karakteristik Lanskap Habitat Elang Flores (Nisaetus Floris) di Pulau Flores

Syartinilia -, Raja Mohd Kris Setiawan

Abstract

Flores Hawk-Eagle (FHE, Nisaetus floris) is one of the endemic and keystone species that was rarely studied among other eagles. The study on the FHE is currently experiencing limited information for estimating their distribution area. Therefore, the FHE habitat distribution is required as the essential information for developing the strategies and conservation action. The objectives of this study were to identify the spatial habitat distribution and analyze the characteristics of the habitat. Minimum convex polygon (MCP) and kernel-density estimation (KDE) 95% was combined with the land cover map for delineating the patch habitat of FHE. Slope, elevation, and land cover were used as environmental variables. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combine with GIS were used for characterizing the landscape habitat. The results showed that there were eight habitat patches with a total area of 1.132 km2. Six principal components were retained from PCA analysis which explained 71.96% of data variance. Habitat characteristics of FHE describe its requirement for nesting and hunting activities for principal components 1 to 4, while for flight activity related to principal components 5 and 6. Forests and savannahs become the main habitat preference for both nesting and hunting activities. Results of this study will be supported as baseline information for developing conservation strategies and action for FHE.

References

BirdLife International. 2018. Nisaetus floris (amended version of 2017 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22732096A125448523. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017- 3.RLTS.T22732096A125448523.en
Careau V, Therrien J-P, Porras P, Thomas D, Bildstein K. 2006. Soaring and Gliding Flight of Migrating Broad-winged hawks: Behavior inn The Nearctic and Neotropics compared. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 118(4):471-477
Coates, B. J., Bishop, K. D. 1997. A guide to the birds of Wallacea. Dove, Alderley, Australia.
Ferguson-Lees, J. & Christie, D.A. 2001. Raptors of the World. London UK: Christopher Helm.
Gjershaug, J. O., Kwaloy, K., Rov, N., Prawiradilaga, D. M., Suparman, U. & Rahman, Z. 2004. The Taxonomic Status of The Flores Hawk Eangle Spizaetus Floris. Forktail. 20:55-61.
Kolodzinski JJ, Tannenbaum LV, Osborn DA, Conner MC, Ford WM, Miller KV. 2010. Effects of GPS Sampling Intensity on Home Range Analyses. Proc. Annu. Conf. SEAFWA.13-17
Raharjaningtrah W, Rahman Z 2004. Study on the distribution, habitat and ecology of Flores Hawk-eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus floris in Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Komodo and Rinca Islands, Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Annual Report of Pro Nature Fund.Volume 13, No 1.
Syartinilia, Tsuyuki S. 2008. GIS-based modelling of Javan Hawk-Eagle distribution using logistic and autologistic regression models. Biological conservation 141: 756-769
Syartinilia, Makalew ADN, Mulyani YA, Higuchi H. 2015. Landscape Characteristics of Wintering Habitats Used by Oriental Honey-buzzards in Borneo Derived from Satellite Tracking Data. Landscape and Ecological Engineering. 11:61-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-013-0237-4.
Syartinilia, Rafael RN, Higuchi H. 2020. Perilaku migrasi Sikep-Madu Asia dalam pemanfaatan lanskap di Flores bagian timur, Indonesia berdasarkan data satellite-tracking. JPSL 10(3): 479-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.3.479-488.
Suparman U. 2012. Final Report Distribution, Population and Ecological Aspect of Flores Hawk-eagle Nisaetus Floris in and Around Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. West Java, Indonesia: Raptor Conservation Society.
van Balen, S., Nijman, V., So ̈zer, R. 2001. Conservation of the endemic Javan Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924 (Aves: Falconiformes): density, age-structure and population numbers. Contributions to Zoology 70, 161–173.
Verhoeye J, Holmes D. 1999. The Bird of The Island Of Flores-a review. Kukila 10:3-59.
Wells, DR. 1985. The forest avifauna of Western Malesia and its conservation. In: Diamond, A.W., Lovejoy, T.E. (Eds.), Conservation of Tropical Forest Bird, ICBP Technical Publication No. 4. International Council for Bird Preservation, London, pp. 213–232.

Authors

Syartinilia -
syartinilia@apps.ipb.ac.id (Primary Contact)
Raja Mohd Kris Setiawan
-S. and Raja Mohd Kris Setiawan (2021) “Spatial Distribution and Landscape Characteristics of Flores Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus Floris) Habitat in Flores Island : Distribusi Spasial dan Karakteristik Lanskap Habitat Elang Flores (Nisaetus Floris) di Pulau Flores ”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 11(4), pp. 542-549. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.11.4.542-549.

Article Details