POTENSI HUTAN RAWA AIR TAWAR SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF EKOWISATA BERBASIS KONSERVASI GAJAH SUMATERA (Elephas maximus sumatranus)
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Published
1 July 2019
Abstract
Abstract. This study aims to determine the potential of fresh water swamp forest as alternative ecotourism of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). The data collection of flora was done by the printed path method, with sampling intensity (IS) 10% so that obtained 34 observation plots; then elephants behaviors were taken at 07.00 - 17.00 WIB for 7 days. The data behaviors of elephants were recorded using a sampling scan method, for 60 minutes by recording the incidence of behavior within 60 seconds. Data were analyzed by calculating the important value index, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and descriptif analysis. The results showed that there were 25 types of vegetation with 5 species that have the highest important index value. The diversity of vegetation types based on Shannon-Wiener's diversity index is moderate, 99% of species found are natural feeds favored by Sumatran elephants. Most of the elephant activity is eating (32%), 17% group, 17% rest, and exploring as much as 12%, while salting is done when elephants feel the need for minerals. The management can do reforestation to increase the diversity of vegetation type, especially the Sumatran elephant's natural food species, so that its existence can support the preservation of elephant and educational tourism based on Sumatran elephant conservation.
References
Daftar Pustaka
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[21] Sukumar, R., 2003 The Living Elephants: Evolutenary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. Oxford University Press. United state of America.
[22] [TNWK] Taman Nasional Way Kambas, 2016. Rencana Pengelolaan Jangka Panjang Taman Nasional Way Kambas Provinsi Lampung Periode 2017-2026. Labuhan Ratu: Taman Nasional Way Kambas.
[23] Tuheteru, F.D., Mahfudz, 2012. Ekologi, Manfaat dan Rehabilitasi Hutan Pantai Di Indonesia. Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Manado. Manado. Indonesia.
[24] [WWF] World Wildlife Fund. Mengenal Gajah Sumatera. [terhubung berkala]. https://www.wwf.or.id [26 Mei 2018].
[25] Yudarini, N.D., I.G. Soma., S. Widiyastuti. Tingkah Laku Harian Gajah Sumatera (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus) di Bali Safari and Marine Park, Gianyar. Indonesia Vedicus Veterinus 2(4), pp. 461-468.
[1] Abdullah, 2013. Karakteristik Haitat Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck) Pada Habitat Terganggu Di Ekosistem Hutan Seulawah. Jurnal EduBio Tropika 1(1), pp. 57-60.
[2] Adila, N., et al, 2016. Effects of peat swamp logging and agricultural expansion on species richness of native mam-mals in Peninsular Malaysia. Basic and Applaied Ecology 12, pp. 1-10.
[3] Bannister, J. R., et al, 2017, Importance Of Structure For Species Richness And Tree Species Regeneration Niches In Old-Growth Patagonian Swamp Forest. Forest Ecology And Management 401, pp. 33-44.
[4] Budisantoso, Muklasin, 2016. Way Kambas akan dikembangkan jadi destinasi wisata. [terhubung berkala]. www.kompas.com [10 Januari 2018].
[5] Burton, 2014. Swamps-Wooded Wetlands. Reference Mod-ule In Earth Sytem And Enviromental Sciences; Encyclope-dia Of Inland Water, Pages 549-557. [terhubung berkala]. https://www.sciencedirect.com [6 April 2018].
[6] Dans, S.L., E.A. Crespo, M.A. Coscarella, 2016. Wildlife tourism: Underwater behavioral responses of South American sea lions to swimmers. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 188, pp. 91-96.
[7] Darsiharjo. W. Kastolani, dan G.N.P. Nayoman, 2016. Strategi pengembangan wisata minat khusus arung jeram di Palayangan. Jurnal Manajemen Resort and Leisure 13 (1), pp. 24-35.
[8] Fadilah, R., D. Yoza, E. Sribudiani, 2014. Sebaran dan Perkiraan Produksi Pakan Gajah Sumatera (Elephas Maxi-mus Sumatranus Temminck) Di Sekitar Duri Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis. Jom Paperta 1(2), pp. 1-9.
[9] Fandeli, Ch. Nurdin. 2005. Pengembangan Ekowisata Berbasis Konservasi di Taman Nasional. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gajah Mada.
[10] Fanindi, A., B.R. Prawidiputra, 2012. Karakterisasi dan Pemanfaatan Rumput Brachiaria sp. Lokakarya Nasional Tanaman Makanan Ternak. pp. 155-162. [terhubung berkala]. http://peternakan.litbang.pertanian.go.id [6 Mei 2018].
[11] Gunn, J., et al, 2013. The Influence Of Lunar Cycles On Crop Riding Elephants: Evidence For Risk Evoidance. Afican Jurnal Of Eology 52 (2), pp. 129 - 255.
[12] Lisdayanti, A. Hikmta, Istomo, 2016. Komposisi Flora dan Keragaman Tumbuhan Di Hutan Rawa Musiman, Rimbo Tujuh Danau Riau. Jurnal Penelitian dan Konservasi Alam 3(1), pp. 15-28.
[13] Maman, S., 2018. Berita dari Balai Besar Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan. [terhubung berkala]. https://programs.wcs.org [ 25 februari 2018].
[14] Prihartini, N.S., et al, 2011. Potensi Purun Tikus (Eleocharis Dulcis) Sebagai Biofilter. Proceeding Enviromental Talk: Toward A Better Green Living. Maret 2011. pp. 154-165.
[15] Pro Fauna. 2017. Fakta tentang Satwa Liar Indonesia. [terhubung berkala] https://www.profauna.net. [20 Februari 2018].
[16] Ranaweerage, E., A.D.G. Ranjewa., K. Sugimoto., (2015) Tourism-induced disturbance of wildlife in protected areas: A case study of free ranging elephants in Sri Lanka. Global Ecology and Conservation 4, pp. 625–631.
[17] Riba’I, A. Setiawan, A. Darmawan, 2013. Perilaku Makan Gajah Sumatera (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus) Di Pusat Konservasi Gajah Taman Nasional Way Kambas. Jurnal Media Konservasi18(2), pp. 89 – 95.
[18] Sandra, D.P., Soemarno, dan L. Hakim, 2015. Strategic Management of Nature-Based Tourism in Ijen Crater in the Context of Sustainable Tourism Development. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies 3 (3), pp. 123-129.
[19] Soerianegara, I., Indrawan, 2005. Ekologi Hutan Indonesia. Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
[20] Sri, E.N., 2013. Wisata minat khusus. [terhubung berkala]. http://endah-parwis-vokasi.web.unair.ac.id. [7 September 2017 ].
[21] Sukumar, R., 2003 The Living Elephants: Evolutenary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. Oxford University Press. United state of America.
[22] [TNWK] Taman Nasional Way Kambas, 2016. Rencana Pengelolaan Jangka Panjang Taman Nasional Way Kambas Provinsi Lampung Periode 2017-2026. Labuhan Ratu: Taman Nasional Way Kambas.
[23] Tuheteru, F.D., Mahfudz, 2012. Ekologi, Manfaat dan Rehabilitasi Hutan Pantai Di Indonesia. Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Manado. Manado. Indonesia.
[24] [WWF] World Wildlife Fund. Mengenal Gajah Sumatera. [terhubung berkala]. https://www.wwf.or.id [26 Mei 2018].
[25] Yudarini, N.D., I.G. Soma., S. Widiyastuti. Tingkah Laku Harian Gajah Sumatera (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus) di Bali Safari and Marine Park, Gianyar. Indonesia Vedicus Veterinus 2(4), pp. 461-468.
Authors
RusitaR., FebryanoI. G., YuwonoS. B. and BanuwaI. S. (2019) “POTENSI HUTAN RAWA AIR TAWAR SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF EKOWISATA BERBASIS KONSERVASI GAJAH SUMATERA (Elephas maximus sumatranus)”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 9(2), pp. 498-506. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.9.2.498-506.
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