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Published
31 May 2016
Abstract
This paper deals with the design and performance test of pyrolysis burning stoves that produce energy for cooking and biochar. The stove consists of two section chambers, namelycombustion chamber that produces activation heat for pyrolysis process and energy for cooking, andpyrolysis chamber that produces biochar and volatile matter (syngas and tar in gas form). Volatile matter product was introduced to the combustion chamber in addition to the biomass there and replaces biomass fuel gradually to produce energy for cooking and keeping the continuous pyrolysis process (autothermal). Methode used for performance test: direct observations/measurements and Water Boilling Test (WBT). Result of performance test: the autothermal process was going well until resulting a 100% biochar for most of the biomass used. Thermal efficiency of the stove was 11.3% (before pyrolysis) and 14.72% (after pyrolysis), excluding heat to produce biochar. Time needed to boil a 5 L water was 12 minutes before pyrolysis and 6 minutes after pyrolysis. Output power ranges from 9.60 kW to 23.16 kW. The maximum temperature reached 868 °C at the pan and 860oC in combustion chamber.Input biomass capacity depending on the type of feedstock ranging from 1200 - 3000 g/process, resulting in 507-900 g biochar/process, to give biochar ratio to raw materials from 23.0% to 44.8%. All maximum conditions occurs when volatilematters produced from pyrolysis process were burned, which showed that burning volatile matters is better than burning solid biomass directly.The amount of biochar produced by this stove was three times higher compared to anila stove, with less of smoke during the biochar production.
References
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[23] Yuswansyah, E. Y. A. Haryanto, L. B. Tamrin, 2013. Potensi penerimaan masyarakat terhadap kompor biomassa UB-03. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung 1(2), pp. 77-84.
[24] Zhang, J. W., N. Mohammed, P. Cote, S. Dalpe, G. Dufresne, 2013. Greenhouse trials on biochar as the growth media for cucumber, tomato and pepper hydroponic vegetable production. Final Report. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Develop-ment Greenhouse Branch/Crop Research and Ex-tension Division 301 Horticultural Station Road EastBrooks, [terhubung berkala] https://www.google.co.uk/#q=biochar+as+a+growing medium+zheng +et+. [2 November 2015]
[25] [ARC] Aprovecho Research Center, Shell Zheng, W., B. K. Sharma, N. Rajagopalan, 2010. Using biochar as a soil amendment for sustainable agriculture. Illinois Sustainable Technology Center University of Illinois at Urbana Campaign.
[2] Al Gore. 2009. Our Choice, A Plan to Solve the Climate Crisis. Melcher Media, New York.
[3] Alatas, I. H., H. Darmasetiawan, A. Yani, Musi-ran. 2008. Development of Cooking Stove from Waste (Rice Husk). Institut Pertanian Bogor, De-partment of Physics, FMIPA IPB, Kampus IPB Dramaga.
[4] Barnes, D., K. Openshaw, K. Smith, R. Van der Plas, 1994. What makes people cook with im-proved biomass stoves? a comparative interna-tional review of stove programs. World Bank Technical Paper pp. 242.
[5] Febriansyah, H., A. A. Setiawan, K. Suryoprato-mo, A. Setiawan, 2014. Gama stove: biomass stove for palm kernel shells in indonesia. confe-rence and exhibition indonesia renewable energy & energy conservation Energy Procedia, Pub-lished by Elsevier. [terhubung berkala] http://www.sciencedirect.com. [2013]
[6] Iliffe, R., 2009. Is the biochar produced by an anila stove likely to be abenefial soil additive?. Advaned Enviromental and Energy Studies, Centre for Alternative Technology. [terhubung berkala]. http:// www.biochar.org.uk.
[7] Jeffery, S., F. G. A. Verheijen, M. van der Velde, A. C. Bastos, 2011. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 144, pp. 175–187.
[8] Karamarkovic, R., V. Karamarkovic, 2010. Ener-gy and exergy analysis of biomass gasification at different temperatures. Journal Energy 35, pp. 537–549.
[9] Kauffman, N., J. Dumortier, D. J. Hayes, R. C. Brown, D. A. Laird, 2012. Producing energy while sequestering carbon? The relationship between biochar and agricultural productivity. Biomassa and Bioenergy 63, pp. 167 – 176. doi: 1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.049.
[10] Lehmann, J., J. Gaunt, M. Rondon, 2006. Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11, pp. 403–427. doi: 10.1007/s11027-0059006-5.
[11] Lehmann, J., 2007. Bio-energy in the black. Fron-tiers in Ecology and the Environment 5, pp. 381-387.
[12] Lehmann, J., S. Joseph, 2009. Biochar For Envi-ronmental Management: An Introduction. Earth-scan, UK and USA.
[13] Mc Elligott, K., D. Page Dumroese, C. Mark, 2011. Bioenergy Production Systems And Bio-char Application In Forests: Potential For Renew-able Energy, Soil Enhancement, And Carbon Se-questration. Fort Collins CO, US. pp. 14
[14] Miles, T., 2009. Use of biochar (charcoal) to rep-lenish soil carbon pools, restore soil fertility and sequester CO2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 4th Session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, Poznan 1-10 December 2008.
[15] Neubauer, Y., 2011. Strategies for tar reduction in fuel-gases and synthesis-gases from biomass gasi-fication. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Envi-ronment Special Issue pp. 67-71.
[16] Park, W. C., 2008. A Study of Pyrolysis of Char-ring Materials and Its Application to Fire Safety and Biomass Utilization. Disertasi. Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Michigan.
[17] Roberts, K. G., B. Gloy, S. Joseph, N. R. Scott, J. Lehmann, 2009. Life Cycle Assessment of Bio-char Systems: Estimating the Energetic, Econom-ic, and Climate Change Potential. Environmental Science & Technology 2 (44), pp 827–833. 10.1021/es902266r ©
[18] Roth, C., 2011. Micro Gasification: Cooking with Gas from Biomass. GIZ HERA Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Service.
[19] Steiner, C., W. G. Teixeira, J. Lehmann, T. Nehls, J. L. V. Macedo, W. E. H. Blum, W. Zech, 2007. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and Soil 291, pp. 275-290.
[20] Steiner, C., T. Harttung, 2014. Biochar as a grow-ing media additive and peat substitute. Solid Earth 5, pp. 995–999. doi:10.5194/se-5-995-2014 ©.
[21] Woolf, D., J. E. Amonette, F. A. Street-Perrott, J. Lehmann, S. Joseph, 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Com-munications 56, doi:10.1038/ncomms1053.
[22] Xie, T., B. Y. Sadasivam, K. R. Reddy, C. Wang, K. Spokas, 2015. Review of the effects of biochar amendment on soil properties and carbon seques-tration. American Society of Civil Engineers. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE) HZ.2153-5515.0000293. ©
[23] Yuswansyah, E. Y. A. Haryanto, L. B. Tamrin, 2013. Potensi penerimaan masyarakat terhadap kompor biomassa UB-03. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung 1(2), pp. 77-84.
[24] Zhang, J. W., N. Mohammed, P. Cote, S. Dalpe, G. Dufresne, 2013. Greenhouse trials on biochar as the growth media for cucumber, tomato and pepper hydroponic vegetable production. Final Report. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Develop-ment Greenhouse Branch/Crop Research and Ex-tension Division 301 Horticultural Station Road EastBrooks, [terhubung berkala] https://www.google.co.uk/#q=biochar+as+a+growing medium+zheng +et+. [2 November 2015]
[25] [ARC] Aprovecho Research Center, Shell Zheng, W., B. K. Sharma, N. Rajagopalan, 2010. Using biochar as a soil amendment for sustainable agriculture. Illinois Sustainable Technology Center University of Illinois at Urbana Campaign.
Authors
PangalaJ. R., TambunanA. H., KartodihardjoH. and PariG. (2016) “DESAIN DAN PENGUJIAN KINERJA KOMPOR GASIFIKASI-PIROLISIS”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 6(1), p. 61. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.6.1.61.
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