Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)

The Effect of C-Organic Sediment and Litter Carbon Estimation on Fertility and Site Health in Lampung Mangrove Center

A. Nizam Syahiib — 2024-09-02

Subsurface carbon storage reflects the fertility of mangrove sites. Site fertility has implications for site health. The aims of this study, among others, are to determine the content of C-organic sediments, determine the litter carbon content, and understand the effect of C-organic and litter carbon on on-site health (soil pH and CEC). The stages of research, among others, are sediment and litter sampling on the observation plot, analysis of sediment and litter samples in the laboratory, calculation of litter carbon by dry weight, and fertility analysis of site health using multiple linear regression analysis with a significant threshold of 95%. Based on the results of the study, the highest C-organic content was observed in cluster plot 3 (CL3); the highest increase in litter carbon was at CL2, and there was a significant effect between site fertility (C-organic) and site health (pH). The pH and carbon play a role in the mobility of compounds that form organic materials. Factors influencing on-site carbon health conditions include waste production, organic material, temperature, tree species, pollution, and climate. Sediment conditions affect sigh in organic matter and the health of the site. The results of this research can illustrate the fertility and health conditions of sites in
mangrove forests, so regulations can be formulated to prevent damage to mangroves.

Potential Floristic Analysis of Peat Swamp Village Forest in Jambi Province to Supports Village Ecotourism Programme

Nursanti — 2024-09-11

Pematang Rahim Village Forest is one of the social forestry schemes offered by the government. Pematang Rahim Village Forest Management Institute makes ecotourism as the basis for its management. Ecotourism in peat ecosystems in village forests creates biodiversity inside, especially plants, as the basis for planned ecotourism. The purpose of this research is to obtain data and information about the potential flora to support ecotourism-based village forest management. This study was carried out for 8 months from March to October 2021, located in the Village Forest of Pematang Rahim, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, and further analysis was conducted at the Herbarium and Laboratory of Management, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University. Research results in the field show that peat forests are generally managed as village forests in Pematang rahim in good condition. There are various types of trees and plants in different
life forms. The study found 26 families, 58 genera, and 104 species, with a total of 2,831 individuals consisting of 855 seedlings, 880 saplings, 546 poles, and 550 trees. The diversity index showed a high value (> 3) for each growth stage from seedlings, sapling, pole to trees (3.39; 3.56; 3.65; 3.79). The existence of various peat-specific species with ecosystem conditions that are still maintained is expected to add value to ecotourism activities in the Pematang Rahim Village Forest area in the future.

Community-led Initiatives for Water Resource Management in Sumenep Regency, Indonesia

Daniel Pandapotan Simarmata — 2024-09-02

Water scarcity is a global issue affecting human health, well-being, and the environment. Community participation is vital to managing water resources, particularly in addressing water scarcity. In Indonesia, East Java is one of the provinces that frequently experiences water shortages. This research explores how local communities manage water resources and utilize local knowledge to address the vulnerability to clean water crises in Desa Parsanga, Sumenep, and East Java. This study employed a qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and document analysis as data collection methods. The research findings revealed that the local community's initiative is demonstrated through their participation in the construction of drilled wells. This participation is facilitated through an organization formed by the local community in Desa Parsanga called the Association of Drinking Water Users (HIPPAM). HIPPAM constructed five drilled wells that supply clean water to approximately 500 households. This initiative demonstrates that the local community
plays a strategic role in water resource management and can promote sustainable practices. This research provides insights into the potential of communities and local knowledge in addressing global water issues.

Evaluation of Floods Susceptibility Models Based on Different Pairwise Parameters in the Analytical Hierarchy Process: Case Study Cilemer and Ciliman Watersheds

Dian Noor Handiani — 2024-09-02

This study investigated flood vulnerability in the Ciliman and Cilemer Watersheds, situated in Banten Province, and employs a spatial multi-criteria-integrated approach, with a specific focus on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Two distinct scenarios, which have different parameter priority, were compared: one based on expert judgment for pairwise parameter comparisons (scenario-1) and the other derived from historical flood occurrences in high and very high vulnerability areas (scenario-2). Seven parameters, including elevation, slope, precipitation, geologic, soil type, land use, and distance to streams were weighted substantially different between the two scenarios. The study validated the flood vulnerability scenarios by contrasting them with historical flood data. Scenario-2 exhibited a closer agreement with the historical flood points during validation, particularly in very high vulnerability areas. Elevation and slope are identified as pivotal factors influencing flood vulnerability: low elevations and gentle slopes increased vulnerability, while higher slopes decreased flood susceptibility.

Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling as a Model of Community Participation in Macroplastic Waste Management in Cikapundung River (Case Study: Baleendah District) Bandung Regency

Farah Fahriyatun Mufidah — 2024-09-11

Waste is an environmental issue owing to its increasing amount. The type of waste that is currently an important problem is plastic waste, which can endanger living things and the environment. This study aimed to analyze the community participation factors that affect waste management. This study used interview methods and completed questionnaires from as many as 50 respondents in Baleendah District, West Java Province. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the approach of several latent variables, each of which was equipped with indicators. The PLS-SEM model was evaluated using the Outer Model and Inner Models. The results showed that, in the measurement model, all indicators were valid and reliable for measuring the constructed construct. In the structural model of the results of hypothesis testing with the bootstrapping method, it can be concluded that the variables of External Factors and Waste Management significantly affect the variables of Waste Management; the variable of Waste Management significantly affects the variable Impact of Waste Management, while the variable of Waste Reduction insignificantly affects the variable of Waste Management. The results of this study can be used as recommendations for implementing strategies to increase community participation in plastic waste management.

Bibliometric Analysis of Tourism Development Based on Disaster Mitigation Through the Scopus Database

Taufik Z. Karim — 2024-09-11

The development of the world tourism industry in daily life still focuses on the beauty of tourist attractions and the economic income of a country. Still, it ignores crisis conditions, such as disasters in tourist areas. Therefore, disaster mitigation is expected to educate the public and tourists to prepare them for a disaster. The research objective is to universally analyze the development of tourism research topics based on disaster mitigation. The research method used was bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric analysis helps identify the distribution of articles published in Scopus-indexed journals, authors, institutions, citations, countries, topic trends, keywords, and networks between authors. The research results show that the disaster mitigation process refers to structural and nonstructural mitigation actions, such as infrastructure development, increasing public knowledge about disaster mitigation, creating disaster evacuation routes, and strengthening regulations. Meanwhile, the results of the bibliometric analysis show that the country that produces the most scientific writing on tourism and disaster mitigation is Indonesia, with 49 articles, followed by China with 16 articles, the United States with 12 articles, Japan with 5 articles, India and the UK with 4
articles. These results indicate that Indonesian writers have contributed globally to tourism and disaster mitigation.

Sustainable Scientific Tourism Development Planning Using Micmac-Mactor In Bogor City

Wasissa Titi Ilhami — 2024-09-02

Bogor is a city in Indonesia that has a variety of potential scientific tourism objects, such as historical buildings, educational institutions, and research institutions. Although its existence is always needed by various parties as a reference for learning, the object has not been managed optimally in a system that is integrated, so it does not have a significant impact on tourism activities in Bogor City. This research aims to analyze what variables influence tourism planning and the pattern of relationships between actors to build a sustainability strategy for scientific tourism in Bogor City. This research was conducted using the Micmac and Mactor methods. The results showed six important variables to develop sustainable scientific tourism in Bogor City, i.e. infrastructure, tourism resources, promotion, investment, regulation, and policy, then research and education institutions. Meanwhile, the Government, the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Regional Council are important institutions/actors in the development of sustainable scientific tourism. This research has provided an overview of the key variables and actor roles that are most influential on the success of this tourism development in the future and provides a basis for policymakers to make it a priority to develop a scientific tourism development strategy in Bogor City.

Mangrove Forest Restoration in the Western Part of Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve, Seribu Islands

Cecep Kusmana — 2024-09-05

The restoration of mangrove forests is a crucial endeavor to restore damaged areas. The area that needs restoration is the mangrove forest located in Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve. This particular mangrove forest spans approximately 14.31 hectares, with a research site covering 2.14 hectares in the western part of Rambut Island. The objectives were to accurately map the mangrove forests’s location and size that require restoration, identify mangrove species, and determine suitable restoration techniques. Sentinel-2A imagery data and field surveys conducted from July to August 2022 mapped the forest area and collected primary data on vegetation, soil, inundation, and water salinity. Based on the findings, it has been determined that approximately 0.37 hectares of the area require restoration measures. The recommended mangrove species for restoration consist of Avicennia sp., Bruguiera sp., Rhizophora sp., Ceriops sp., Heritiera sp., Sonneratia sp., and Xylocarpus sp. The planting technique that can be applied to all restoration plots, except for plot number 7, is the cemplongan technique, while the Bronjong technique is recommended for plot number 7.

Land Cover Change and Carbon Potential in Mangrove Ecosystems at The Social Forestry Area (Study Case: Indramayu Regency, Indonesia)

Rospita Br Pelawi — 2024-09-11

This study investigates land cover change and carbon potential in mangrove ecosystems within the social forestry area of Indramayu Regency. The research aims to assess land cover changes from 2014 to 2020 and estimate the carbon potential stored in mangrove ecosystems. Field surveys and satellite images analyze land cover change patterns and quantify mangrove carbon storage potential. The research findings reveal that aquaculture land cover dominates the study area (reaching 90%). The study did not find significant changes in land cover within the social forestry area. Only minor changes were noted, with mangroves converting to aquaculture and vice versa. The carbon potential is obtained from biomass calculated based on tree diameter within the research area. According to the calculations, it was found that the three research areas have different potentials due to varying tree diameters and densities. The carbon potential from the
permitted areas of Karya Wana Tiris, Babadan Lestari, and Hijau Mandiri are 24.54 tons, 18.33 tons, and 24.87 tons. The highest carbon potential occurred in 2020 (2,419.69 tons), while the lowest was in 2017 (1,414.06 tons).

Entrepreneurship Capital and Performance of Social Forestry Entrepreneurship Group

Gita Ardia Kusuma — 2024-09-11

It is important to explain community forestry entrepreneurship in the context of community forest management, which continues to develop as social entrepreneurship that can increase sources of livelihood and environmental benefits. This study adapted the concept of community capital to explain the level of entrepreneurial capital and its influence on the performance of the Social Forestry Entrepreneurial Group (SFEG) through a quantitative approach by collecting data from Focus Group Discussions (FGD), interviews, observations, and literature studies. Data analysis was used with scoring, categorizing, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study reveal the level of entrepreneurial capital in SFEG in the low to very high category is directly proportional to the simultaneous effect on performance. Natural capital, finance capital, and political capital significantly influence socioeconomic and environmental performance; political capital increases social capital, physical capital, and human capital. SFEG based on forest resource commodities as a source of livelihood needs to get attention, including increasing human capital in the form of intensive skills through a mentoring process by officers and easy access to funding sources through
government policies.

Hydrological Modeling in the Capluk Watershed, Rembang Regency for Evaluation of Spatial Patterns

Sri Harini — 2024-09-11

Rembang Regency has little annual rainfall, ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 mm. The Capluk Watershed in Rembang is the only one with a discharge station. The average rainfall of the watershed in 2011 to 2020 is relatively low (1,877 mm/year). Moors are the dominant land use in the watershed, so the watershed is prone to drought. This study aims to assess the water balance and land use planning to reduce water deficits. The FJ Mock modeling method is used to understand hydrological phenomena, where the results can help manage water resources by regulating land use by utilizing the exposed surface parameters in the model. The results show that the demand for water in the watershed for the 2011 to 2020 period reaches an average of 49,151,012 m³/year, while the availability of water is 132,512,172 m³/year. This condition shows that the total water balance experiences an average surplus of 83,361,160 m³/year but experiences a deficit in the dry season, an average of 3,452,278 m³/year. For land use planning, scenario 5 (a combination of regionalspatial plan maps, forest area maps, general plan for forest and land rehabilitation maps, and land use in 2020) is the best in reducing the water deficit by 20,383,274 m3 or can lower the water deficit to 4,957,173 m³.

Land Suitability and Availability Evaluation for Social Forestry in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province

Dieta Arbaranny Koeswara — 2024-09-11

The Indonesian government established Social Forestry (SF) to overcome inequality in land tenure, overcome agrarian conflicts and improve the welfare of communities around the forest. Pesawaran Regency does not yet have SF location guidelines in the Indicative and Social Forestry Areas Map. In fact, Pesawaran Regency has a forest area potential of 28% and has a Human Development Index (HDI) score below the provincial HDI average. This study aims to (1) analyze land use and cover changes in forest areas in 2015 and 2020, and (2) determine land potential for SF. SPOT image is used to analyze land cover with visual interpretation. Land suitability evaluation uses the Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) method based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results show that almost half of the forest area in 2020 is in the form of mixed gardens (49.63%), forests (24%), and coffee/cocoa plantations (22.2%). The direction of change in forest to mixed gardens, coffee/cocoa plantations, and mines. The parameters most influencing the land suitability for SF are land cover, slope, and soil type. Based on land suitability and land availability analysis for SF, it was found that 66% of the research area had potential for SF.

Analysis of Antimony Removal with Modified Activated Carbon Using Response Surface Methodology

Jesica Tapiory — 2024-09-11

Antimony (Sb) is a metal compound that can cause health problems when it accumulates in the food chain and becomes toxic to the ecosystem. Industrial activities have driven Sb contamination of water, including surface water. At the same time, some drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) use surface water as raw water, which requires adequate treatment. An invention of cheap and accessible technology is needed for developing countries such as Indonesia; hence, this study presents research on modified activated carbon with iron sulfate and manganese sulfate to create a better adsorbent from commercial granular activated carbon (GAC). The independent variables in this study included the type of adsorbent (GAC and GACMF), acidity level, and dosage. Response surface methodology was implemented for the analysis. According to the study, it was found that the optimum state of non-modified GAC for Sb removal appears at pH 3 and a dosage of 0.03 g L^-1. In contrast, the presence of modified GAC was more effective for Sb removal with an optimum pH of 6 and a dosage of 0.057 g L^-1 for GACMF. This research suggests that GACMF is preferable for DWTP because the optimization shows that GACMF is optimized in a neutral state; therefore, additional chemicals are unnecessary to achieve a neutral acidity state.

Analysis of Carrying Capacity and Willingness to Pay Conservation Costs for Tourists in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark Area

Sri Wahyuni — 2024-09-13

This study aimed to analyze the carrying capacity of Curug Cimarinjung and Puncak Darma using the Douglass method and the willingness to pay for conservation fees using the Contingent Valuation Method Respondents to the research were 150 tourists and several tourism managers. Curug Cimarinjung can accommodate as many as 184 people day-1 , and the Puncak Darma as many as 118 people day-1. Tourists who were willing to pay for conservation fees comprised 78% of the total respondents with a one-time payment mechanism through an entrance ticket. In total of 39.39% of respondents were not willing to pay as they believed that it was the responsibility of the government. The conservation costs were IDR 10,000 for Curug Cimarinjung and IDR 5,000 for Puncak Darma. The difference in conservation costs was because the attractiveness of the attractions in the two tourist spots varied, thus affecting the number of tourists and the nominal amount that tourists were willing to pay. If the tariff was adjusted according to the average Willingness to Pay, an entry fee at Cimarinjung Waterfall would have been charged, which was initially IDR 5,000 person-1, would have been IDR 15,000 person-1, while at Puncak Darma it would have been IDR 3,000 person-1 to IDR 8,000 person-1 . Determining ticket prices that had been adjusted to the average Willingness to Pay could control the number of visits so that they did not exceed capacity and did not disturb biodiversity conservation. In such conditions, tourists could carry out tourist activities comfortably and safely.

Prediction and Simulation for Land Use and Land Cover Change of Paddy Field Influence by Salinization in Coastal Demak Regency

Tommy Andryan Tivianton — 2024-10-10

The extent of coastal rice paddy agricultural land is vulnerable to land use and land cover (LULC) changes to non-agricultural uses due to land degradation, one of which is caused by salinity. This study aims to detect and project LULC changes up to 2031, particularly in coastal rice paddy areas affected by salinity, by comparing LULC in 2017, 2019, and 2021. Sentinel-2 Imagery is used for LULC classification, with recordings selected during the generative phase of rice growth to obtain the most optimal rice paddy area. There are six LULC classifications: water, wetland, low-medium-high vegetation cover, and built-up area. To understand the impact of salinity on crops, several vegetation indices (VIs) such as NDVI, SAVI, EVI, and ARVI are used. The LULC changes classified according to VIs are compared with the MOLUSCE plugin based on artificial neural networkmultilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP) and Cellular Automata (CA). The comparison of VIs results shows that NDVI is better at describing LULC changes due to the influence of salinity, with a kappa value of 0.63 and a Correctness of 72.565. The LULC projection using CA in all VIs indicates that wetland areas are more likely to convert into water bodies, suggesting that high salinity land tends to be unproductive for rice paddies, making it prone to conversion.

Effect of Eco-enzyme on Water Quality Parameters in Some Rivers Disembogued at Ambon Bay

Novianty C. Tuhumury — 2024-10-10

Due to the increasing population in Ambon City, the high volume of organic waste in rivers that empties into Ambon Bay can impact the marine ecosystem. On the other hand, processing organic waste in the form of eco-enzymes has been widely applied and has benefits, for instance, as a cleaning liquid. This study aimed to analyze the effect of eco-enzyme concentrations on water quality parameters, such as pH, ammonia, detergent, coliform, nitrate, phosphate, BOD, COD, and DO in several rivers flowing into Ambon Bay. The research was conducted from May to November 2022. Water samples were collected from four rivers that flow into Ambon Bay. Production of ecoenzyme was carried out at the Marine Science Laboratory at Pattimura University for three months. Eco-enzyme derived from banana peels obtained from tourist areas on Ambon Island. The research applied the method of observation and experiment. The data of each parameter obtained from the treatments (sample before and after treatment using 10% and 20% of eco-enzyme) were then compared with Second-Class of River Water Quality Standards. The results showed that eco-enzyme could neutralize the pH value. The DO, ammonia, detergent and coliform concentration decreased after adding 10% and 20% of the eco-enzyme. By contrast, adding eco-enzyme to the river water
can increase the concentration of nitrate, phosphate, BOD, and COD.

Determining the Suitable Location of Constructed Wetland for the Polluted River Water Treatment Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System Analysis

Daniel Rizal Mahendra — 2024-10-30

The Tukad Badung River is a vital raw water source in Denpasar City and Badung Regency. Concerning the water pollution of the river, water treatment is necessary to manage the water quality. Constructed wetlands are a water treatment technology used for water purification. In this regard, information is essential regarding the appropriate location for the placement of the constructed wetland based on criteria related to the water treatment plant. The research was conducted to determine the suitability level of water treatment locations in the watershed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method in integration with a Geographic Information System. The Geographic Information System analysis included overlaying steps of the processed and classified data from each criterion: land use, slope, and water pollution index. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method was carried out to obtain the weight of each criterion down to the sub-criteria, which were compiled through interviews with three informants from academic, government, and community representatives. Weight calculations were performed using Expert Choice 11 software to obtain weight values with a consistency ratio of < 0.1. Geographic Information System analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method produces three suitable land types according to the level of suitability for water treatment locations, with constructed wetlands located in the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the river. Information regarding suitable land is useful for planning the technical design of water treatment plants with constructed wetlands.

The Addition of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) from Anadara granosa and Glycerol on The Quality of Bioplastic

Rhenny Ratnawati — 2024-10-30

Bioplastic material is derived from natural materials that microorganisms can break down producing water and carbon dioxide. With the expansion of chitosan, CaCO3 from Anadara granosa and glycerol, the structure of the materials utilized to create bioplastics from custard squander. The technique utilized was a trial, which started with producing chitosan and CaCO3 from Andara granosa. The production of bioplastics was completed with custard squander composites blended in with Anadara granosa with an organization of 80% : 20% with the expansion of CaCO3 and glycerol. The ratio of CaCO3 and glycerol differed into four creation proportions 0.3 g : 10 mL; 0.3 g : 15 mL; 0.4 g : 10mL; 0.4 g : 15 mL. Tensile strength upsides of tests 1 10.98 MPa. The elongation test values are sample 1 23.79%, sample 2 22.00%, sample 3 19.16%, and sample 4 23.80%. In the after effects of biodegradation tests with soil media, the worth is near sample 2 which can be evaluated by 51.5% with an ideal structure of the proportion of CaCO3 and glycerol 0.3 g : 15 mL.

Pollution and the abundance of plankton in Rangkui River in Bangka Island

Eddy Nurtjahya — 2024-10-30

Land use and activity around the Rangkui Watershed affect water quality, and plankton have been studied to help manage the river's water quality. In the 2017 dry season, six station points representing land use functions from upstream to downstream were studied. Surface water sampling was carried out during the day with three replicates. Pollution around the Rangkui Watershed affected plankton abundance. Based on saprobity and physicochemical readings, the pollution level ranged from light upstream to heavy downstream. This study found 15 species from 15 families from six phytoplankton classes, that is, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, and 2 species of zooplankton Eurotatoria, and Branchiopoda. The highest total abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton was observed upstream of Station 1 (721 ind/L) and gradually decreased downstream, with the exception of the absence of plankton at Station 3. Nitrate had a positive correlation with phytoplankton at different correlation levels, whereas other abiotic environments responded differently to phytoplankton and zooplankton. The water quality is highest upstream, where there are pepper plantations, and gradually decreases as it flows downstream. The station near tin mining activities was the most polluted.

Identification of Forest City Multi-Policy Using the MULTIPOL: A Study In The New Indonesian Capital, East Kalimantan

Hengky Wijaya — 2024-10-30

The policy-planned development in the new Indonesia Capital City (IKN) area must be accompanied by good planning to ensure the continued availability of forestry ecosystem services, especially forestry areas. These ecosystem services are strongly influenced by their ecological functions. Humans depend on essential ecosystem services to satisfy their inherent needs and enhance or preserve their quality of life. Natural resources are being overused to satisfy these demands, endangering biodiversity and putting more strain on ecosystems. Therefore, a multi-policy approach describes and visualizes the relationships between multi-aspect policies that provide and benefit from forestry ecosystem services. The method used in compiling this paper is multi-policy, part of the prospective analysis method. This method will map and create a model, the best policy scenario that can be applied to achieve the goal of a forest city in the new nation's capital. The results show that the presidential regulation implementation scenario is the best policy choice for the forest city model in the new state capital.

Amelioration of Potassium Humate as Ligand Exchanger for Adsorbed P Fractions and their Relationships with Chemical Properties of an Indonesian Andisol

Elsa Kumala Putri — 2024-11-20

Andisols are specifically characterized by a very high P adsorption capacity owing to their acidic reaction and dominance of variable-charged clay minerals. This crop cultivation problem can be overcome by potassium humate amelioration intended to exchange the adsorbed soil P fractions into the more available (labile) forms. This study aims to evaluate the effects of potassium humate application at 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha^-1on the dynamics of P fractions and their relationships with the chemical properties of an Indonesian Andisol. Using the Tiessen and Moir procedure, P_H2O, P_{NaHCO3-Pi-Po,}P_NaOH-Pi-Po, and P_HCl fractions were obtained in topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–60 cm) samples 16 weeks after the treatment. The organic soil P (P_Po) fractions tended to increase and were attributed positively to total P and negatively to base saturation (BS) at the topsoil, whilst the subsoil P_Pofractions tended to increase with the decreasing soil BS. At 60 kg ha^-1, the potassium humate application effectively decreased P_Poand increased P_Pifractions in the subsoil. The results also revealed that humic acid component of potassium humate was an effective organic ligand exchanger for the adsorbed P_Pofractions that simultaneously altered soil anion-cation equilibrium in the studied Andisol. As an implication, soil P availability was increasing.