Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)

Economic Valuation on the Development Plan of the Flower Garden Area using Contingent Valuation Method

Aura Asyda Larre — 2024-05-30

Non-market value plays a crucial role in the economic valuation of natural resources and the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the non-market value derived from the development plan of a flower garden area in the Blora Regency. This valuation included individual and aggregate willingness to pay (WTP) and the factors influencing WTP. This study used the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) as the research approach, with logistic regression as technical analysis. A total of 250 questionnaires were completed by residents of Blora, resulting in a mean value of individual non-market WTP of IDR 10,605 as an entry fee and an aggregate value of IDR 97,567,748/year. The results show that the higher the bid, the lower the probability of paying. Another interesting outcome was that people with an income of over five million and living close to
the garden development plan area had a greater probability of paying than others. These findings provide an overview of the Blora government’s efforts to improve access to areas and facilities within gardens to attract people outside of the characteristics that significantly affect WTP.

The effect of altitude on the butterfly diversity in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia

Lin Nuriah Ginoga — 2024-05-30

Altitude is one of the factors that decrease butterfly diversity due to the different types of habitats. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park is one of the places at different altitudes, such as Situgunung Resort. This study aimed to investigate butterfly species' diversity, richness, and evenness at three altitude levels. This study was completed in October 2019 at altitudes 750, 850, and 950 meters above sea level (masl). Butterfly inventory (diversity) data were collected using the transect method, and data on habitat characteristics were acquired through direct observation. The richness, diversity, evenness, and community similarity of butterfly species and the biotic and abiotic habitat characteristics were then analyzed. The result showed 51 butterfly species at Situgunung Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. The highest diversity index and richness index were found at an altitude of 750 masl (3.22 and 7.91) and the lowest at 950 masl (2.46 and 3.98). The highest evenness index was found at 750 masl, while the highest similarity community index was found at altitudes 750 and 850 masl. The relation between altitude and butterfly diversity is that the higher
the altitude, the lower the butterfly diversity.

Development Strategy of Non-Timber Forest Product Multi-Business Forestry In Social Forestry Partnership

Hardjanto Hardjanto — 2024-05-30

Indonesia’s forest area is decreasing every year, and the high pressure from the community has caused massive public access to forests, so there is a need for solutions to overcome tenure problems and community welfare. The policies offered as a solution is social forestry with a multibusiness forestry system. The research aims are to formulate multi-business NTFP utilization development strategies. The analysis used the SWOT and AHP combination methods to formulate the best possible development strategy. Based on the research conducted, the best strategy for developing multi-business NTFPs utilization is a growth-oriented strategy that focuses on SO strategy, as follows: increasing the number of species combinations, business diversification, taking advantage of FMUs and local government's role in supporting the diversification of NTFPs utilization, actively involved in sharing information which is carried out both to fellow members and outside parties, promotion of products or commodities to expanding the market and attracting investors,
and empowerment through community institutions with assistance and training. The strategies are expected to improve the quality of the forest and community welfare so that the main functions of the forest are maintained but still provide benefits to the community.

The Estimation of Economic Valuation on Carbon Sequestration of Agroforestry Land System

Kristi Siagian — 2024-05-30

The role of Perhutani and local farmers in developing agroforestry in Bogor Forest Management Unit (FMU) is important for carbon sequestration-based climate mitigation efforts. Different compositions of the plants in seven agroforestry systems in four part of Bogor FMU. Farmers adjust the multipurpose crops planted with Perhutani main plants, which are more dominant. The potential mean annual carbon increment based on aboveground carbon stock of agroforestry is between 2.26 to 66.65 tonnes per hectare, while in 2 monocultures land system is between 13.65 to 18.29 tonnes per hectare. The carbon increment in agroforestry systems is better than monoculture because of plant diversity and different ages. Then, carbon revenue using carbon pricing set by the World Bank-FCPF Program in East Kalimantan is in the range of IDR 1,547,325 to IDR 49,292,405 per hectare, using the Social Cost scheme in the range IDR 12,997,535 to IDR
414,056,204 per hectare and using domestic carbon tax is range IDR 635.017 to IDR 20,229,441 perhectare. Regarding carbon revenues, the wider the agroforestry land managed by farmers, the higher the carbon income received. Using the benefit transfer method over a 20-year mitigation period, an estimated 2.19 times increase in carbon revenues is obtained at an inflation rate of 4%.

Analyzing Farmers’ Engagement with Sustainable Agricultural Policies: Insights from Indonesia’s LP2B Initiatives

Dewi Gafuraningtyas — 2024-05-30

The agricultural sector in Indonesia is experiencing a growing trend of converting land for nonagricultural purposes owing to economic and demographic growth. The government implemented Law No. 41 of 2009, which specifically addresses Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (PLP2B). Sukabumi Regency in West Java proactively addressed the issue by implementing Regional Regulation Number 08 of 2014, specifically designed to manage Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B). This study aims to analyze farmers' responses to the implementation of LP2B in seven villages in the Sukabumi Regency. Information was collected through interviews with the 36 farmers. These farmers were divided into six clusters based on the distribution of LP2B. The cluster assignment was chosen based on the close physical proximity of the places. Farmers were selected randomly in rice field locations during the researcher’s field visits to the LP2B site. Subsequently, the data were subjected to descriptive analyses. The findings indicate that farmers residing in lowland regions near densely populated areas frequently engage in sharecropping arrangements and have a poor comprehension of LP2B. Conversely, farmers residing in distant highland areas exhibited a superior understanding. The specific physiographic characteristics of the area and the existence of farmer groups shaped the variation in knowledge. To improve future implementation, policymakers should ensure uniform distribution of policies throughout all regions and strengthen farmer groups. This strategic approach not only promotes awareness, but also fosters sustainable agricultural practices, ensuring the effectiveness of LP2B in preserving Indonesia's agricultural landscape.

The Habitat Suitability Modelling of Rhinoceros Hornbills (Buceros rhinoceros) in Java Island, Indonesia

Taufik Setiawan — 2024-05-30

Rhinoceros hornbills (Buceros rhinoceros) are a bird species belonging to the Bucerotidae family, which is vulnerable based on the IUCN red list of species. This is due to habitat fragmentation, which reduced the Rhinoceros hornbill habitat on Java. Efforts and strategies are needed to maintain Rhinoceros hornbill habitats. Information on the suitability of the Rhinoceros hornbill habitat on Java Island is required to develop a Rhinoceros hornbill conservation strategy. This study aimed to determine a habitat suitability model that produces the highest accuracy, analyze hornbill habitat suitability, and identify environmental variables that affect the existence of rhinoceros hornbills. Habitat suitability models were processed using three algorithms: random forest, support vector regression, and MaxEnt. The data used to model habitat suitability were presence and environmental variables. The model was evaluated using various accuracy measures, namely overall accuracy, sensitivity (sn), specificity (sp), Area Under Curve (AUC), and kappa coefficient. The results
of model processing showed that the random forest algorithm produced the highest average accuracy of 0.74. The most important environmental variables for the habitat suitability model were the distance from the road (16.62%), distance from the forest (12.73%), and land cover (12.47%). The habitat suitability model was divided into three classes: low suitability, covering 75,048 km² (55.94%); medium suitability, covering 52,911 km² (39.44%); and high suitability, covering 6,213 km² (4.63%). The results of the habitat suitability model showed that the habitat suitability class was the smallest in the area.

Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Based on Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) on the Coastal Area of Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Gaby Kharisma — 2024-05-30

The purpose of this paper is to investigate vulnerability assessments along the coastal area and small island of Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This paper used spatial analysis to estimate the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI). An assessment of CVI was carried out using eight parameters to build into five categories, with very low to very high category vulnerability. Coastal vulnerability in the Kolaka coastal area varies from a very low to a very high category. Hence, this study suggests that policymakers need to make a long-term plan for local coastal zones, and they should prioritize a precision disaster-based analysis to minimize the damage caused by the disaster in the future.

Environmental Campaign Advocate through Waste Digital Bank at Rural Area in Bali, Indonesia

Wayan Weda Asmara Dewi — 2024-05-30

Discussions about environmental issues, one that has become quite the topic of conversation this decade is related to global warming, for example related to waste. Garbage has a significant contribution to environmental damage. The issue of global warming is an emerging and growing issue. The purpose of the research is to understand the proprietary strategy of Griya Luhu's in delivering environmental campaign digital waste banks at Rural Area. Environmental communication is one of the advocacy efforts. Environmental campaign advocacy is the act of persuading or arguing in favor of a particular cause, policy, idea or set of values on an issue. Advocacy is a powerful medium for various social and environmental change organizations. Existing environmental campaign advocacy all this time only focuses on urban areas. Economic limitations and waste issues become the main reason why Griya Luhu, an NGO Bali-Indonesia based, wants to give environmental campaigns to rural communities on Bali island through their program called Digital Bank Sampah (Waste Digital Bank). This research is done with an in-depth interview with the Chairman dan members of Griya Luhu. The outcome of this research shows that Griya Luhu uses various strategies, including a communal approach, raising environmental issues, and empowering the community during the program Waste Digital Bank. Griya Luhu's primary strategy is empowering the community, especially in rural areas. The form of their empowerment is to push the people to be able to use digital technology and want to make waste bank work more transparent. Thus the community is more concerned with the environment, especially the problem of waste

The Effectiveness of Bio-enzymes Made from Fruit Waste and Mixture of Fruit Waste and Chicken Intestinal Content as Composting Activators

Mohammad Sholeh Mardiyono — 2024-05-30

The fermentation of fruit waste can produce bio-enzymes. These bio-enzymes may act as composting activators for composting organic materials. This study compared composting activators made from fruit waste, fruit waste enriched with chicken intestinal content, and Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4) to evaluate their effectiveness for compost production. It was found that the peaks of temperatures of all activators applied were achieved within 3 days, varied between 55–57°C, and dropped to the lowest point on day 14 at a temperature of 33°C, indicating that the maturity of the compost fell in the same period. Based on statistical analysis, differences among the three activators were found in the C-organic and moisture content of the compost. However, the compost produced using the three activators, based on the quality standard determined by the Decree of Agriculture Minister of Republic Indonesia No. 261/KPTS/SR.310/6.M/4/2019 and SNI 19-7030-2004 were comparable and met these requirements. In conclusion, composting activators made from fruit waste and fruit waste enriched with chicken intestinal content might be used as composting activators for compost production as effective as composting activator EM-4.

Leachate Treatment Using Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland by Hippochaetes lymenalis

Rhenny Ratnawati — 2024-05-30

Leachate, which comes from waste landfills, contains high levels of organic and inorganic matter. Constructed Wetland technology is a suitable alternative for leachate treatment. This technology is easy to apply, relatively cost-effective, and can achieve optimal reduction results for treating and controlling leachate, thereby reducing its environmental impact. The objective of this study was to treat the BOD concentration and COD in leachate using a Constructed Wetland. Data collection was performed by conducting leachate experiments for Constructed Wetland treatment using Hippochaetes lymenalis plants based on variations in residence time and media height. There was a control group (R1) without any media or plants. The variation combination included R2 (containing 10 cm gravel and 10 cm fertile soil) and R3 (containing 5 cm gravel and 15 cm fertile soil). Residence times were set at 0, 7, 14, and 21 d. This research showed that the reactor with growth media consisting of 10 cm gravel and 10 cm fertile soil had 55% and 85% BOD and COD removal efficiencies, with final BOD concentrations and COD values of 273 mg/L and 1,321, respectively. The reactor with growth media consisting of 5 cm gravel and 10 cm fertile soil had 74% and 95% BOD and COD removal efficiency, with the final BOD concentration and COD at 159 mg/L and 432, respectively.

Stakeholders Mapping Based on Risk of Public Private Partnership (PPP) NonRegional Water Supply Provision in Indonesia

Yuki Mahardhito Adhitya Wardhana — 2024-05-31

Clean water is a necessity for human life that is obligated to be fulfilled. Quantity and the quality of groundwater are decreasing; thus, water provision through pipelines using the PPP scheme became a flagship option to provide water services, especially in Municipalities. PPP became an option to accelerate clean water provision for non-regional water supply. Water as a necessity has very detailed regulations and complex risks and involves many stakeholders. PPP, risk management, and stakeholders have tight linkages conceptually and through framework. This research aims to map the necessary stakeholders involved in non-regional water supply provision with a risk-based approach to mitigate the risks arising from them. The methodology used in this research is a mixed method using risk identification analysis and stakeholder mapping and identification. The result shows that there are 10 stakeholders in the non-regional PPP water projects, which are split into 3 categories those are key stakeholders, supporting stakeholders, and participating stakeholders. Each stakeholder has the potential to trigger risk in a non-regional PPP water project that sums up to 10 risks. Through this authoritative approach and the relevant support, stakeholders can mitigate the risks that exist in non-regional PPP water projects.

Abundance Analysis of Microplastics and Community Consumption In Batik Mussels (Paphia undulate) in Water Regions (Study in Banyuurip Village, Ujung Pangkah District, Gresik Regency)

Khoiron Khoiron — 2024-06-24

Microplastics are plastic waste that is degraded by sunlight into small particles and has a size of <5 mm. Batik mussels (Paphia undulata) have filter feeder properties, few detoxification enzymes, and are sedentary animals so these mussels are very likely to be contaminated with microplastics. This study aims to identify the abundance of microplastics and the level of community consumption of batik mussels (Paphia undulata) in the waters of Banyuurip Ujungpangkah, Gresik Regency. The results of this study showed that there were 3 forms of microplastics found in this research, there are fiber, fragments, and filaments the dominant form is fiber with a total of 100 particles/head. Fiber is caused by the activities of fishermen and is a form that easily accumulates in the digestion of biota. Blue is the dominant color found in all locations. The microplastic particles found ranged in size from 0.083 - 4.619 mm. The highest abundance of microplastics was in location 2 with 0.78 particles/head. The results of interviews with 30 respondents stated that the local community consumed batik mussels at a weekly frequency of 15 people with an average consumption of <50 g/day for 18 people and >50 g/day for 12 people.

Comparisons of Growth, Yield, and Meteorological Properties of Rice Canopy under Double-Row (Jajar Legowo and Jejer Manten) and Tile Transplanting Systems

Taufiq Yuliawan — 2024-06-27

Over the past decade, the Indonesian government has been recommending double-row transplanting systems, i.e., Jajar Legowo (JL) and Jejer Manten (JM), to increase rice production. These systems have been reported to obtain higher yield of Indica rice cultivars than the standard tile (TL) system, primarily due to the border effect. However, scientific investigations of the border effect in these transplanting systems remain limited. This study was conducted during the summer seasons in Japan in 2022 and 2023 to observe the plant growth and yield of a Japonica rice cultivar, Nikomaru, and to investigate differences in meteorological properties, such as intercepted solar radiation (SRint). The study found that higher plant competition for light in JM and JL caused a lower tiller number and above-ground biomass (Wt) per hill than in TL. However, due to denser planting, JM and JL obtained higher tiller numbers, Wt, and sink capacity per unit area than TL. Additionally, the denser canopy in JM and JL compared to TL increased SRint by the whole canopy, even though the space between the double rows was wider. Although SRint was not significantly different among
the systems, higher normalized difference vegetation index in JM and JL was strongly correlated with a higher sink filling rate due to the healthier canopy absorbing more solar radiation. The synergistic effect of higher sink capacity and sink filling rate led to higher yields in JM and JL than in TL. This study suggests that JM is the best transplanting system for increasing rice yield.

Disaster Mitigation Strategies Based on Risk Matrix and House of Risk (HoR) Phase 2

Eko Setiawan — 2024-06-27

Wonogiri Regency, located in Indonesia, is an area susceptible to various types of natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and hurricanes, which pose a significant risk to approximately 90% in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the types of potential disasters in Wonogiri and propose effective strategies for disaster mitigation from 2021 to 2025. This study uses a risk matrix to quantify the risks associated with these potential disasters and utilizes House of Risk (HoR) phase 2 methodology to formulate strategies for disaster risk prevention. This comprehensive analysis has shown seven potential disasters for which nine mitigation strategies have been developed. Among these, the top three strategies, considering the effectiveness value and the degree of difficulty (EDRk) value, in order of priority, are “Increasing multi-stakeholder partnerships in disaster management” (EDRk value 176.20); “Strengthening the legal framework for disaster management” (EDRk value 167.40); and “Conducting socialization and education on disaster mitigation” (EDRk value 111.60). Implementing these strategies is expected to strengthen disaster risk reduction (DRR) in regencies, with a focus on prioritizing the most effective measures.

Identifying the Strata of Sago Stands Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data (Case Study: Ambon Island, Maluku, Indonesia)

Jan Hatulesila — 2024-06-27

Manual measurements to estimate the height and diameter of sago stems can be performed directly. However, estimates of height and diameter from land cover using remote sensing or aerial photographic coverage have not been widely featured in articles at home or abroad. To determine the potential and distribution of sago plant species that can be produced per area in the sago forest area, we mapped the sago land area using drone aircraft to cover the sago land area. We determined the diameter and height classes of sago plants using a Digital Surface Model (DSM) data application method. The results of the analysis showed that there was a distribution of diameter and height of sago plants varying according to height, namely for strata-level seedlings (0 to 6 m) as much as 100, saplings (6 to 12 m) as much as 818, poles (12 to 18 m) as much as 3,332, and trees (> 18 m) as much as 3.79. for the area of sago land mapped, and can be processed into an orthomosaic covering an area of 126,883 ha.

Performance Evaluation for Surface Run off to Drainage System Normalization at Campus in Jakarta, Indonesia

Dwi Ariyani — 2024-06-27

Drainage is an infrastructure that distributesrainwater from one location to another. On the campus of the Faculty of Engineering at Pancasila University, there are several points of water inundation. Several inundation points were identified based on direct monitoring and measurements at the study site. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an existing drainage system on campus. The design flood discharge was calculated using a rational method with a five-year return period. From the calculation of hydrology, hydraulics, and comparative analysis of the existing dimensions with the design flood discharge, it was determined that the eight existing channels were unable to accommodate the design flood discharge. Therefore, there are two alternatives for reducing run off discharge. The first is to redesign the drainage channel to improve its size of the drainage channel with a shape that follows the existing shape. The modification involved adjusting the channel height to meet the specified flood discharge requirements. The second alternative was the planning of the infiltration wells. These dimensions are based on the design run off flood discharge, and from the calculation results, the dimensions of the infiltration wells are 1.5 meters in diameter and 2.5 meters high, and four infiltration wells are needed is 4 infiltration wells to reduce the discharge of 1,638 m3/second.