The Display Behavior of Sub-Adult Greater Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisaea apoda): A Learning Process from an Adult?
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Accepted
20 February 2024
Published
5 August 2024
Keywords:
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dance, learning behavior, lek tree, Papua, Tunas Timber Lestari
Abstract
The Greater Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisaea apoda) is a bird that performs a courtship display (lekking) to attract females during the mating season. The objective of this study was to examine the display behavior of adult and sub-adult males on lek trees as a learning process by a sub-adult and identify the lek trees. The research was conducted in the Tunas Timber Lestari Ltd. Production Forest in central mainland Papua, in a non-breeding season. After a lek tree was found, a video recording was conducted. Analysis was performed from the video. The lek tree was an emergent species with a dense canopy. An adult male was observed to perform a dance display in front of sub-adult males, even in the absence of females. When adult males performed display, the sub-adult were observed the adult males in an upside-down position. The sub-adult also danced, but not as complete as the adult, suggesting that there was a learning process by the sub-adult. This study revealed that the sub-adult/young males of the bird-of-paradise has the ability to dance inherit from their fathers, and then perfect the dance through practice and watching adults. The lek tree surely need to be protected for the survival for this species.
References
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McDonald DB, Potts WK. 1994. Cooperative display and relatedness among males in a lek-mating bird. Science. 266:1030–1032.
Mitoyen C, Quigley C, Fusani L. 2019. Evolution and function of multimodal courtship displays. Ethology. 125(8):503–515. doi:10.1111/eth.12882.
Ninomiya S. 2014. Satisfaction of farm animal behavioral needs in behaviorally restricted systems: reducing stressors and environmental enrichment. Animal Science Journal. 85(6):634–638. doi:10.1111/asj.12213.
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Sari DP. 2015. Lek behavior, daily behavior, and habitat characteristics of the hybrid bird of large-yellow paradise (Paradisaea apoda) x cendrawasih raggiana (Paradisaea raggiana) in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua [Thesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Soma M, Iwama M, Nakajima R, Endo R. 2019. Early-life lessons of the courtship dance in a dance-duetting songbird, the Java sparrow. R Soc Open Sci. 6(6). doi:10.1098/rsos.190563.
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Wazaraka ZA, Raunsay EK, B Kameubun KM. 2019. The availability of the basic vegetation materials for the bird nest of Paradisaea minor jobiensis in Yapen, Islands Papua. Jurnal Sylva Lestari. 7(2):186–194.
Whitney KD, Smith AK, White TE, Williams CF. 2020. Birds perceive more intraspecific color variation in bird-pollinated than bee-pollinated flowers. Front Plant Sci. 11(11):1–10. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.590347.
Zentall TR. 2004. Action imitation in birds. Learning & Behavior. 32(1):15–23.
Ball GF, Balthazart J. 2004. Hormonal regulation of brain circuits mediating male sexual behavior in birds. Physiol Behav. 83(2):329–346. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.08.020.
Beehler BM. 1983. Lek behavior of the lesser bird of paradise. Auk. 100(4):992–995. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086433.
Beehler BM. 2017. The birds of paradise. Sci Am. 261(6):116–123. [accessed 2023 Oct 20]. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/24987520.
Beehler BM, Pratt TK. 2016. Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400880713.
Blumberg MS, Freeman JH, Robinson SR, Goldstein MH, Schwade JA. 2009. From birds to words. In: Oxford Handbook of Developmental Behavioral Neuroscience. Oxford University Press.
Cita KD, Hernowo JB, Masyud B. 2016. The conservation effort of lesser bird of paradise by TMII Bird Park and MBOF. Media Konservasi. 21(1):27–35.
Cornel Lab. 2023. Paradisaea. [accessed 2023 Dec 7]. Dance: and the Birds-of-Paradise | Bird Academy. The Cornell Lab (allaboutbirds.org)
Dinets V. 2013. Crane dances as play behaviour. The International Journal of Avian Science. 155:424–425.
Dinsmore JJ. 1970. Courtship behavior of the greater bird-of-paradise. Auk. 87(2):305–321.
Fusani L, Barske J, Natali C, Chelazzi G, Ciofi C. 2018. Relatedness within and between leks of golden-collared manakin differ between sexes and age classes. Behavioral Ecology. 29(6):1390–1401. doi:10.1093/beheco/ary116.
Gregory P. 2020. Birds-of-paradise and bowerbirds. Bloomsbury USA.
Groothuis TGG. 1993. A comparison between development of bird song and development other display. Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 43(1–2):172–192.
Heads M. 2002. Birds-of-paradise, vicariance biogeography and terrane tectonics in New Guinea. Journal of Biogeography. 29(2):261-283.
Hill G. 2015. Selection for reinforcement versus selection for signals of quality and attractiveness. Ideas in Ecology and Evolution. doi:10.4033/iee.2015.8.11.c.
Kokko H. 1999. Competition for early arrival in migratory birds. Journal of Animal Ecology. 68(5):940–950. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00343.x.
Laman TG, Scholes E. 2013. Birds-of-paradise. National Geographic live. [accessed 2023 Dec 7]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIYkpwyKEhY.
Latupapua L, Pattinasarany CK, Kasanaborbir L. 2022. Habitat and population of the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaea apoda) in the Laininir Village, Trangan Island, South Aru District, Aru Islands Regency. Jurnal Hutan Tropis. 10(2).
LeCroy M. 1981. The genus Paradisaea – display and evolution. Am Mus Novit. 2714:1–52.
Ligon RA, Diaz CD, Morano JL, Troscianko J, Stevens M, Moskeland A, Laman TG, Scholes E. 2018. Evolution of correlated complexity in the radically different courtship signals of birds-of-paradise. PLoS Biol. 16(11). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006962.
McDonald DB, Potts WK. 1994. Cooperative display and relatedness among males in a lek-mating bird. Science. 266:1030–1032.
Mitoyen C, Quigley C, Fusani L. 2019. Evolution and function of multimodal courtship displays. Ethology. 125(8):503–515. doi:10.1111/eth.12882.
Ninomiya S. 2014. Satisfaction of farm animal behavioral needs in behaviorally restricted systems: reducing stressors and environmental enrichment. Animal Science Journal. 85(6):634–638. doi:10.1111/asj.12213.
Ryder TB, Sillett TS. 2016. Climate, demography and lek stability in an Amazonian bird. Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283(1823). doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2314.
Sari DP. 2015. Lek behavior, daily behavior, and habitat characteristics of the hybrid bird of large-yellow paradise (Paradisaea apoda) x cendrawasih raggiana (Paradisaea raggiana) in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua [Thesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Soma M, Iwama M, Nakajima R, Endo R. 2019. Early-life lessons of the courtship dance in a dance-duetting songbird, the Java sparrow. R Soc Open Sci. 6(6). doi:10.1098/rsos.190563.
Stelbrink B, von Rintelen T, Richter K, Finstermeier K, Frahnert S, Cracraft J, Hofreiter M. 2022. Insights into the geographical origin and phylogeographical patterns of paradisaea birds-of-paradise. [Accessed 2023 Oct 20]. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1394/6547518.
Wazaraka ZA, Raunsay EK, B Kameubun KM. 2019. The availability of the basic vegetation materials for the bird nest of Paradisaea minor jobiensis in Yapen, Islands Papua. Jurnal Sylva Lestari. 7(2):186–194.
Whitney KD, Smith AK, White TE, Williams CF. 2020. Birds perceive more intraspecific color variation in bird-pollinated than bee-pollinated flowers. Front Plant Sci. 11(11):1–10. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.590347.
Zentall TR. 2004. Action imitation in birds. Learning & Behavior. 32(1):15–23.
Authors
PramunandyaR. A., MardiastutiA., MulyaniY. and ChandraV. (2024) “The Display Behavior of Sub-Adult Greater Bird-of-Paradise (Paradisaea apoda): A Learning Process from an Adult? ”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 14(3), p. 505. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.14.3.505.
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