The impact of contamination of fishing ground to production and quality of fish caught in Jakarta Bay
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Abstract
Produksi ikan yang tinggi dan mutu yang baik adalah sangat diharapkan oleh pelaku perikanan, termasuk di Teluk Jakarta. Namun hal ini bisa terkendala bila wilayah perairan yang menjadi tempat menangkap ikan (fishing ground) berada dalam status tercemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi status pencemaran fishing ground dan kondisi operasi penangkapan ikan, serta menganalisis dampak pencemaran tersebut terhadap jumlah produksi dan mutu ikan yang tertangkap. Metode analisis yang digunakan terdiri dari analisis fisiko-kimia, diagram pareto, dan analisis model.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sekitar fishing ground Teluk Jakarta tercemar kuat oleh bau, kekeruhan, sampah, dan logam Hg. Operasi penangkapan ikan di Teluk Jakarta umumnya menggunakan kapal < 5 GT, berlangsung 1-2 hari/trip, dengan hasiltangkapan dominan berupa ikan tongkol, layang, dan layur. Pencemaran fishing ground telah secara signifikan menurunkan jumlah produksi ikan di Teluk Jakarta (KP = -0,42, P = 0,00). Penurunan nyata terjadi pada produksi ikan layur (kelompok ikan demersal) dan ikan layang (kelompok ikan pelagis kecil). Mutu ikan yang tertangkap juga turun secara signifikan akibat pencemaran fishing ground (KP = -0,81, P = 0,00). Cacat mutu yang secara nyata meresahkan pelaku perikanan adalah insang kotor dan sisik berlendir.
Kata kunci : mutu, fishing ground, Hg, pencemaran, ikan
ABSTRACT
THE IMPACT OF CONTAMINATION OF FISHING GROUND TO PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF FISH CAUGHT IN JAKARTA BAY. High production and quality of fish are very expected by fishery stakeholders, inclusive in Bay Jakarta. But this matter can be burdened if territorial water with becoming fishing ground have contaminated status. The research aims to identify the contaminated status of fishing ground and operating conditions of fishing, and also to analyse the impact of its contamination to production and quality of fish caught. This research methods are physics and chemical analysis, diagram pareto, and model analysis. Research result shows that fishing ground in Bay Jakarta have been contaminated by aroma, turbidity, garbage, and Hg metal. Fishing operations in the Jakarta bay generally boat <5 GT, lasts 1-2 days / trip, with dominant catches form of tuna fish, float fish, and sword fish. The contamination of fishing ground have degraded significantlythe production amount of fish in Jakarta Bay (KP = -0,42, P = 0,00). The real degradationsare in production of sword fish (group of demersal fish) and float fish (group of small pelagic fish). The quality of fish caught also have droped significantly as impact by the contamination of fishing ground (KP = -9,81, P = 0,00). Quality defect freting clearly to fishery stakeholders are dirty gills and muccous of fish scales.
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