The development of tourism destinations based on natural tourism potential in Lohia District, Muna Regency

. Natural tourism objects and attractions (NTOA) can be developed as tourist destinations to improve the regional economy and community welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the priority of NTOA development. This study aimed to determine the classification of NTOA development potential and formulate the development directions of natural tourism destinations in Lohia District, Muna Regency. Analysis of NTOA development potential based on modifications to the Guidelines for Operational Area Analysis - Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions (OAA-ONTA) and formulation of development directions was using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the classification of NTOA Meleura Beach, Napabale Lake, and Motonuno Lake was classified as very potential, while the NTOA Wakila Peak and Liangkabori Cave were classified as potential. The direction of NTOA development in Lohia District, namely: (1) development according to NTOA potential; (2) improving the information media and tourism promotion; (3) preparation of the NTOA management plan; (4) inviting investors for NTOA development; (5) monitoring and evaluation of tourism impacts; (6) involving the


INTRODUCTION
Tourism activity is one of the fulfilling human needs in finding another atmosphere and breaking away from routine. These activities are related to an area's natural environment, culture, and uniqueness (Suprapto 2005). Tourists' main motivation to visit tourist attractions is because they have certain characteristics and ease of reaching tourist sites (Teguh et al. 2010). Tourism objects must include five important elements so that tourists feel satisfied in enjoying their journey, namely attractions, facilities and infrastructure, transportation, and hospitality (Spillane 1994). The benefits generated by tourism activities can majorly contribute to the tourism destination's economic system (Suprapto 2005).
Tourism development is influenced by several factors, including the attractions presented, available facilities and infrastructure, existing accessibility, and promotions carried out (Avenzora 2008). The first three factors are closely related to site development planning if attractions are presented as natural landscape potential. The existence of natural tourism objects not only encourages regional economic growth and improves people's welfare but can also preserve natural resources and biodiversity as objects and tourism attractions. Conservation area managers must be able to highlight the uniqueness, peculiarity, and packaging of a tourism product without neglecting the area's protection function (Sekartjakrarini 2009).
Lohia District has various types of tourist objects with unique natural resources, which are the main capital to be developed as tourist destinations. The lack of potential data for each object in the form of tourist attractions, local culture, and regional characteristics is the main obstacle in developing it as a leading tourist object for Muna Regency, resulting in a lack of tourist visits. Therefore, to find out the potential and priorities for the development of tourism objects and the efforts that need to be made, it is necessary to carry out this research. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the classification of potential development objects and natural tourist attractions (ODTWA) in Lohia District; 2) to formulate directions for developing natural tourism destinations in Lohia District.

Research Site and Time
This study was conducted in Liangkabori Village (Liangkabori Cave), Kondongia Village (Wakila Peak), Lakarinta Village (Meleura Beach and Motonuno Lake), and Lohia Village (Napabale Lake). The location is in Lohia District, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province (Figure 1), and was held in July -September 2019.

Collecting Data
The tools used in this study were stationery, camera, interview guide, questionnaires, and location map. The research subjects were visitors (tourists), communities around the area, and managers from both community groups and local governments, while the objects of research included natural tourism objects and attractions (NTOA) located in Liangkabori Village (Liangkabori Cave), Kondongia Village (Wakila Peak), Lakarinta Village (Meleura Beach and Motonuno Lake) and Lohia Village (Napabale Lake), Lohia District, Muna Regency.
The data used in this research were primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from observations in the field and interviews with respondents as supporting information in the assessment of NTOA from government agencies, managers, communities, and visitors. The respondents for managers were selected by purposive sampling, while the community and visitors were selected by an accidental sampling of 30 people in each object. Secondary data includes supporting data and information such as Regional Medium Term Development Plans, Regional Tourism Development Master Plans, and Regional Spatial Plans Related to research.

Data Analysis
The assessment of objects and natural tourism attractions was carried out using a scoring and weighting system based on modifications to the Guidelines for Operational Area Analysis -Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions (OAA-ONTA) compiled by the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (2003) as presented in Table 1. The criteria used as the basis for the assessment included the objects and natural tourist attractions, accessibility, conditions around the area, accommodation, management and services, infrastructure, availability of clean water, security, marketing, and market share. The score/value for one NTOA assessment criteria can be calculated using the formula: S = N × B Description: S : Score/value N : The total value of the elements in the criteria B : Value scores The assessment results of each criterion on each object were classified into three aspects, namely less potential, potential, and very potential. Likewise, it is for the total assessment of each NTOA. The value interval for each classification is determined by the following equation (Destrianto 2019):

Description:
Interval : Interval value in the determination of the classification interval S max : Highest score value S min : Lowest score value K : The number of assessment classifications The classification value of NTOA development is shown in Table 2. NTOA with a "very potential" assessment classification is a priority for development, while NTOA with "potential" and "less potential" assessment can be recommended for the next stage of development because it still needs much improvement. Determining the priority of the NTOA-based development strategy from several alternative choices was based on the results obtained through Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) analysis (Rangkuti 2000). The data and information on internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were obtained from the NTOA analysis, respondent questionnaires, stakeholder interviews, and literature review results. Beauty, the uniqueness of natural resources, the number of prominent resources, natural tourism activities, location cleanliness, regional security, and sensitivity to natural resources.

The Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Wakila Peak
Tourism objects and attractions are everything that has uniqueness, beauty, and value in the form of a diversity of natural, cultural, and man-made wealth that is the target of tourism visits (Purwanto et al. 2014). The results of the assessment of the potential development of NTOA of Wakila Peak are presented in Table  3. Table 3 shows that the NTOA of Wakila Peak has a medium or potential classification that is potentially feasible to develop but has several obstacles to developing as a tourism destination. Wakila Peak can be developed with further attention and improvement related to the attractiveness, accessibility, and availability of clean water. The results of the accessibility assessment were classified as medium or potential with a value of 450. This was because the distance between the NTOA of Wakila Peak and the city center was about 10 km and 20 minutes by road, which was partly in a damaged condition. The visitors who use public transportation must walk about 1 km in rocky and dusty road conditions. The visitors who used two-wheeled or fourwheeled private vehicles were not complicated by road conditions.
The assessment of the availability of clean water was classified as less potential. The availability of clean water was a factor that must be considered in the development of NTOA, both for management and service. The natural tourism object of Wakila Peak was not traversed by the government's drinking water network due to geographical conditions. The distance of location of the clean water source was quite far, and the means of distribution of clean water were not optimal, so clean water was very difficult to flow in the object. Clean water for bathing, washing, and latrines at tourist attractions relies on water drops from the manager using a clean water tank car. The manager dropped water on the toilet tower twice a month with a total volume of 300 liters of clean water filling once. The availability of clean water in Wakila Peak was a top priority in development planning. Cole (2012) explained that the availability of clean water is an important factor in tourism development. Tourists can use the clean water for drinking and bathing.

The Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Meleura Beach
Meleura Beach is a natural tourist attraction in Lohia District with the type of tourist attraction in the form of a beach. The results of the assessment of the potential for developing NTOA of Meleura Beach are presented in Table 4. The results of the potential development assessment (Table 4) show that the NTOA of Meleura Beach has a value of 3,965, which means very potential. This value indicates that Meleura Beach has the potential and is feasible to be developed as a tourism area. From several assessment criteria, almost all have high or very potential values. Only the attractiveness and conditions around the area are classified as potential. Efforts to maximize the development of nature tourism on Meleura Beach, such as suspension bridges connecting small islands within the area and water sports, will improve the management of attractions and conditions around the area. This is in accordance with Purwanto et al. (2014) statement that attraction is a stimulus, which is then developed for the benefit of tourism. The condition of the area around NTOA of Meleura Beach was classified as potential. In general, the community-supported efforts to develop these objects. Most of the surrounding community's livelihoods are fishermen and farmers, with the education level of the majority graduating from elementary school. The community expects tourism development to open up new job opportunities to increase their income and welfare.

The Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Liangkabori Cave
Liang Kabori Cave is a natural tourist attraction in the Lohia District with the type of area attraction in the form of a natural cave. The name Liang Kobori was given with the consideration that it would be better known by the local community. Liang, in the Muna language, means a hole in a rock, while kobori is a painting or drawing. The results of the assessment of the potential for developing the Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Liangkabori Cave are presented in Table 5.  Table 5 shows that the criteria assessment of the NTOA of Liangkabori Cave is a potential or moderate classification. The Liangkabori Cave has the potential to be developed. However, efforts are needed for accessibility criteria. The conditions around the area and the availability of clean water need to be appropriately managed. Due to geographical conditions, a drinking water network does not traverse the Liangkabori Cave tourism area, so the channeled water discharge cannot reach that location. The distance to the location of the source of clean water is quite far, and the facilities for channeling clean water could be more optimal, so clean water is very difficult to distribute to the object. Clean water for bathing, washing, and toilets at tourist attractions relies on water drops from managers using clean water tank cars. The government, as the manager, is still planning the availability of clean water in inadequate locations to support management and tourism needs.

The Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Napabale Lake
Lake Napabale is a tourist attraction in the form of a lake located in the Lohia sub-district. The results of the assessment of the potential for developing Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Napabale Lake are presented in Table 6. Based on Table 6, it is known that the tourism object of Napabale Lake has a value of 4,185. It indicates that this object is very potential and feasible to be developed. Of all the assessment criteria, the social conditions around the area have medium or potential values. Through interviews with the local village government, the community supports tourism development to open up job opportunities. Most people around the area work as farmers and fishermen as a source of income, so they are rarely directly involved with tourism activities. A small part of the community is involved as food and drink sellers and providing transportation services around the lake. It is necessary to increase public knowledge about tourism by involving the community in tourism activities. According to Ekayani et al. (2014), natural tourism contributes to conservation and fulfilling the community's economy through employment. The community participates in preserving NTOA for the continuity of natural tourism, supporting the continuity of community income.

The Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Motonuno Lake
Lake Motonuno is a freshwater lake located in Lakarinta Village. The lake is different from Lake Napabale, which is a saltwater lake. The results of the assessment of the potential for developing Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions of Motonuno Lake are presented in Table 7 below. The assessment results of the potential for developing NTOA of Motonuno Lake are classified as very potential to be developed with a value of 4,005 (Table 7). The criteria with a high value become the main capital in development, while criteria with moderate or potential classification become evaluation material. Based on the market share criteria assessment results (visitors' origin, education level, livelihoods), Motonuno Lake is classified as moderate or potential. The majority of visitors are local people around the area with Senior High School education levels. Marketing criteria need to get more attention. Marketing in the form of mass media promotions is expected to provide information regarding the existence and potential of the NTOA of Motonuno Lake.
The assessment of the potential for ODTWA development in Lohia District uses the ADO-ODTWA guidelines of the Directorate General of PHKA (2003), to determine priorities for the development of ODTWA. The parameter used as a reference for assessing the potential of each object is the total score of the classification of each assessment criterion of each object. The results of the assessment of the potential for developing Objects and Natural Tourism Attractions in the Lohia District are presented in Table 8 below. Napabale Lake 4,185 Very potential 5 Motonuno Lake 4,005 Very potential The assessment results of the potential for NTOA development are used to determine priorities for developing objects and natural tourism attractions. The results of the assessment show various development potentials. In order to maximize the development of NTOA, which is spread across several villages in Lohia District, to become a strategic tourism destination for the district, the availability of clean water, social conditions around the area, infrastructure, and marketing suggestions are the main concerns. Most local tourists do not know the existence of Motonuno Lake; therefore, promotional efforts are needed using print and electronic media to provide information to consumers effectively (Premono and Kunarso 2008).
Meleura Beach, Napabale Lake, and Motonuno Lake developments are classified as very potential, while Wakila Peak and Liangkabori Cave are classified as moderate or potential. The success of the NTOA business is largely determined by several factors that influence each other, such as natural or environmental resources, human resources, and artificial resources (physical and cultural) as basic elements of tourism products. These three factors must be the main concern of all parties to achieve the expected success in ecotourism development (Purwanto et al. 2014). The existence of NTOA of Wakila Peak, Meleura Beach, Liangkabori Cave, Motonuno Lake, and Napabale Lake, scattered in one area of Lohia District, is a strength for developing tourism in an area to become a strategic area for natural tourism destinations. Tourism development needs to pay attention to the existence of other tourism objects around it so that they can be packaged as a tour package and support each other's visits because of the tendency of tourism to visit many tourist sites in one trip (Haris et al. 2017;Yuniarti et al. 2018).

The Internal and External Factors for Natural Tourism in Lohia District
Internal and external factors were obtained from the results of questions and answers and interviews with respondents. The importance of analyzing the external environment in the form of opportunities and threats before the strategy is implemented. The problem strategy to be monitored must be determined because it might affect the object's condition in the future (Rangkuti 2000). the results of the analysis of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) in the development of ODTWA Lohia District are presented in Table 9. The internal factor evaluation value is 3.27 (Table 9), indicating that the management of ODTWA Lohia District has made good use of its strengths and minimized its weaknesses. The results of an evaluation of external factors (opportunities and threats) in the development of nature tourism in Lohia District are presented in Table 10. The external factor evaluation value of 2.62 indicates that ODTWA Lohia District is able to take advantage of existing opportunities and is able to minimize threats. Community-supported ODTWA management is the greatest opportunity, with a weight of 0.17 (Table 10). While garbage and vandalism are the biggest threats to all tourism object areas in Lohia District. The potential for spatial use conflicts has not yet become a problem that must be optimized in the management of object areas.

The Evaluation of Internal and External Factors
Internal and external factors are obtained from the results of identification and interviews with respondents. The evaluation value of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) is 3.27, which indicates that the management of nature tourism in Lohia District has made good use of its strengths and minimized its weaknesses. Affordable entry fees are the biggest strength, with a weight of 0.19, while the biggest weakness, with a weight of 0.11, is that there are no management documents that describe the zoning of area utilization based on the carrying capacity of each object.
The evaluation value of external factors (opportunities and threats) is 2.62, indicating that nature tourism in Lohia District can take advantage of existing opportunities and minimize threats. Area management supported by the community is the biggest opportunity, with a weight of 0.17. Garbage and vandalism are the biggest threat to all NTOAs in Lohia District. The potential for space utilization conflicts has yet to become a problem. Determining the coordinates or conditions encountered in the development of NTOA in Lohia District is by subtracting the sub-total number of strengths and weaknesses as the axis (X) and the sub-total number of opportunities and threats as the axis (Y). Based on the calculations, the coordinates (X = 0.40; Y = 0.72) are obtained, where the coordinates are included in Quadrant I, namely supporting an aggressive growth policy (Growth-Oriented Strategy) by using the power they have to take advantage of existing opportunities. Nature tourism in Lohia District is very favorable because it has opportunities and strengths to take advantage of opportunities to develop more in the future.

The Formulation of Development Directions
Strategy formulation is prepared by combining various indicators contained in strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The merging model uses the SWOT matrix, but not all strategic plans compiled from this matrix are fully used. The strategy chosen is a strategy that can solve both current and predicted problems in the future.
The formulation of development directions of NTOA in Lohia District is based on a combination of internal and external factors. The SWOT matrix can clearly describe the external opportunities and threats faced so that they can be adjusted to the strengths and weaknesses they have. This matrix can produce formulations of development directions based on four possible alternative strategies, namely the Strength-Opportunities Strategy (SO Strategy), Strength-Threats Strategy (ST Strategy), Weakness-Opportunities Strategy (WO Strategy), and Weakness-Threats Strategy (WT Strategy). The results of the formulation of development directives (strategies) are presented in Table 11 below. -Affordable entry fee -Natural tourism attraction -Accessibility supports -There is a regional regulation regarding the status of natural tourism areas Weakness (W): -There is no management planning document yet -Limited HR managers -Inadequate supporting facilities and infrastructure -The availability of clean water is not sufficient -There is no partnership between the manager and the private sector WT Strategy: 1. Fostering and involving the community as a driver of tourism activities (VI)

CONCLUSION
Objects and natural tourist attractions in Lohia District are classified as potential and very potential. The nature tourism of Meleura Beach, Lake Napabale, and Lake Motonuno are in the classification of very potential, while the nature tourism of Wakila Peak and Liang Kabori Cave are in the classification of potential to be developed. The results of the assessment of each element at all locations varied greatly. Not all criteria were in the very potential classification. Therefore, in order to maximize the development of tourism object areas which are spread over several villages in the Lohia District, to become strategic areas of the district, the availability of clean water, infrastructure, marketing, and accommodation around the area needs to be developed. Natural tourism objects in the very potential classification are tourism objects that are recommended or prioritized in their development, while tourism objects in the potential classification can be developed later because a lot of planning is needed in regional planning and future development. While the alternative directions for the NTOA development strategy in Lohia District are as follows: (1) development is adjusted to the potential of NTOA; (2) increasing information media and tourism promotion; (3) preparation of the NTOA management plan; (4) inviting investors to develop NTOA; (5) monitoring and evaluating the impact of tourism; (6) fostering and involving the community as a driving force for tourism activities.