Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia

Pengaruh perbedaan waktu ekstraksi terhadap karakteristik kalsium Halimeda opuntia

Hisyam Pranata Daveza — 2025-01-09

Halimeda opuntia is a type of green algae that is abundant in calcium carbonate. The extraction process for calcium from H. opuntia, particularly regarding the extraction duration, has not yet been fully optimized. This study aims to determine the optimal extraction time for calcium from H. opuntia by evaluating parameters such as calcium content, color, microstructure, particle size, and the presence of chemical functional groups. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor: extraction time with three treatments (1, 2, and 3 hours). The sol-gel method was used for extraction. The parameters were analyzed for yield, calcium content, moisture, ash, protein, color, particle size, microstructure (SEM), and chemical functional groups (FTIR). The results indicated that extraction time significantly affected yield, calcium content, ash content, lightness (L*), redness/greenness (a*), yellowness/blueness (b*), ΔE, and whiteness index (WI). The optimal extraction time was determined to be 1 hour, producing the highest calcium content of 30.79±0.56%. The best treatment also yielded values of 24.11±0.57% for yield, 3.36±0.56% for moisture, 81.76±0.36% for ash, and 0.90±0.10% for protein. The color parameters L*, a*, b*, ΔE, and WI were recorded as 83.83±0.65, 0.34±0.05, 8.84±0.21, 13.01±0.48, and 84.29±0.65, respectively. Prolonged extraction times increased the yield but caused a decline in calcium content and resulted in a more pronounced yellowish coloration. The sample that was extracted for one hour had a rough, spherical surface with particles that were not clumped together and were all the same size, 3.25 nm. FTIR analysis showed that calcium carbonate was present, with signature absorption peaks found at 1,407.1 cm⁻³ and 872.2 cm⁻³. We concluded that an extraction time of 1 hour is sufficient for efficient calcium extraction from H. opuntia.

Physicochemical characteristics of flavor powder of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) lemi with maltodextrin addition

Indrati Kusumaningrum — 2025-01-17

The blue swimmer crab is one of the most important commodities and has high economic value. High export demand is followed by an increase in the volume of by-products, namely semi-solid substances (lemi). Lemi can be used as a flavor, but the product in the market is not optimal. Fillers such as maltodextrin need to be added to improve the flavor characteristics of the powder. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of maltodextrin on the physicochemical characteristics of crab lemi powder flavor. We used a completely randomized design (CRD) to compare the effects of various maltodextrin concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) on the yield, cooking loss, bulk density, and proximate composition of the flavor powder. The best concentration was 10% maltodextrin with a 26.68% yield, 73.54% cooking loss, 0.58 g/mL bulk density, 3.14% moisture content, 11.60% ash, 42.40% protein, 11.69% fat, and 31.18% carbohydrate. The addition of maltodextrin to the flavored blue swimmer crab lemi powder has the potential to transform it into a powdered flavoring suitable for a variety of food types.

Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi enzim tripsin dari jeroan ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) hasil purifikasi parsial

Rosella Silaban — 2025-01-17

Fish offal is known for its high content of digestive enzymes, especially proteinases such as trypsin. The characteristics of fish trypsin are influenced by the species and habitat. Milkfish offal is part of the fish digestive tract and has a neutral pH, so it is a potential source of enzymes, especially trypsin. Fish offal can be an alternative to commercial trypsin enzymes derived from pork and beef. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of trypsin enzyme from milkfish offal with ammonium sulfate fraction. The research process began with the extraction of trypsin enzyme from milkfish offal, followed by fractionation with ammonium sulfate (0-80%). Temperature, pH, the effect of metal ions, the effect of NaCl on enzyme activity, and reaction kinetics were all used to determine the best fraction. Enzyme activity was measured using the substrate N-α-benzoyl DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). The results showed that the crude trypsin extract had an activity of 0.117 U/mL. The highest trypsin enzyme activity was in the 20-30% ammonium sulfate fraction, which was 0.295 U/mL. The enzyme worked best at a temperature of 50°C and pH 6. The metal ions ZnCl₂, MnCl₂, CuCl₂, NaCl, and CaCl₂ inhibited the trypsin enzyme activity. Trypsin activity in 5–30% NaCl increased to a ratio of 10%, which was 0.249 U/mL. The V_max value of this enzyme was 0.285 mmol/s, and the K_mvalue was 0.374 mM.

Anti-breast cancer bioactive compounds and in-silico molecular prediction of Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck, 1819)

Rr Puji Hastuti Kusumawati — 2025-01-27

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in Indonesia. Bioprospecting bioactive compounds from marine organisms is expected to be one of the solutions for breast cancer prevention. Crassostrea angulata is one of the species of sea oysters that is commonly consumed, and it has an ethnomedical history among Indonesian people for decades. The aim of this study is to use in silico analysis to find out how well bioactive compounds from C. angulata methanol extract can fight breast cancer. To find compounds that work in C. angulata, LC-HRMS and a molecular docking method that mixed KNApSAcK, CLC-Pred, SEA, STRING, PubChem, UniProt, PyMOL, PyRx, and PoseView were used. The result showed at least 12 active anti-cancer compounds in C. angulata, but only 2 of them are anti-breast cancer compounds (Flufenamic Acid, FA, and Hymenamide C, HC). Molecular docking results showed a strong binding affinity between the active compound Flufenamic Acid (FA) with its breast cancer target proteins (CSF1R, PLK4, MKNK2, and ABL1) and the Hymenamide-C (HC) compound with its breast cancer target proteins (GRB2 and OXTR). FA bioactive compounds also showed lower RMSD values (close to 0 Å) with native ligands for each target protein. FA has the potential to be a better anti-breast cancer compound than HC. However, these two compounds still hold potential as inhibitors of breast cancer target proteins, and further research on marine bio-natural products for human use is necessary.

Karakteristik mutu es krim dengan penambahan hidrolisat protein ikan rucah

Tatty Yuniarti — 2025-01-27

Hidrolisat protein ikan (HPI) adalah peptida sederhana sebagai hasil hidrolisis protein ikan secara enzimatis. Penambahan HPI terhadap es krim diharapkan dapat meningkatkan karakteristik mutu es krim dan tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi hidrolisat protein ikan (HPI) rucah terbaik dalam menghasilkan es krim berdasarkan parameter organoleptik, fisik, dan kimia. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor, yaitu perlakuan penambahan HPI rucah 0; 0,4; 0,8; 1,2 dan 1,8% pada es krim. Parameter yang dianalisis, yaitu mutu hedonik, intensitas rasa, proksimat, serat, daya leleh, viskositas, overrun, total padatan, dan angka lempeng total. Es krim dengan penambahan HPI 0,8% mempunyai tingkat penerimaan panelis terbaik, sedangkan penambahan HPI 1,8% mempunyai mutu kimia dan fisik terbaik. Perlakuan 0,8% memiliki nilai kesukaan warna (3,73), aroma (3,66), tekstur (4,26) dan keseluruhan (4,02) dengan kategori agak disukai panelis. Penilaian intensitas atribut fishy (3,34), manis (3,34), rasa (3,59), stroberi (3,13), dan susu (3,25) masih bisa diterima panelis kategori sedang. Es krim dengan penambahan HPI 1,8% memiliki kadar air (72,25%), lemak (1,62%), abu (1,11%), protein (1,71%), serat (5%), viskositas (2.084,4 cP) dan daya leleh (44 menit). Angka lempeng total es krim masih memenuhi batas aman sesuai SNI 01-3713-1995. Makin tinggi penambahan HPI, maka makin tinggi atribut fishy, kadar protein, serat, viskositas, serta nilai overrun sehingga meningkatkan sifat fungsional matriks es krim sebagai agen pembusa.

Pemanfaatan ampas limbah industri agar-agar (Gracilaria sp.) pada pembuatan kertas map eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes)

Angelina Sherly Nur Patricia — 2025-01-31

Annually, the agar processing industry (Gracilaria sp.) continues to increase the amount of waste pulp it produces. Cellulose, present in agar pulp, serves as a raw material for the production of folder paper. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of industrial waste pulp based on the characteristics of water hyacinth folder paper. The study used an experimental lab with a complete randomized design (CRD) to test how different concentrations of agar pulp affect the process of making folder paper. These concentrations were 0, 10, 15, and 20%. The test parameters of the folder paper are grammage, tear resistance, water absorption, stiffness, hedonic, and SEM. Adding more agar pulp to the folder paper made it more resistant to tears and better at absorbing water, but it made it less dense, stiff, and enjoyable to use. The optimal outcome was achieved with the addition of 20% agar processing pulp. It had a weight of 318.67 g/m2, a tear resistance of 1573.3 mN, a water absorption of 926.3 g/m2, a stiffness of 45 g/m3, and a hedonics value of 6.82±< 6.83. The absorption in the 928–933 cm⁻³ band shows that the 3,6-anhydrogalactose group of agar-agar constituent compounds is present.

Toxicity and antibacterial activity of Rhizophora apiculata mangrove using different solvent extraction

Muhammad Fachriza Imanditya — 2025-01-31

Rhizophora apiculata is a type of mangrove widely used as a traditional medicine. This potential is produced by the content of secondary metabolites that environmental conditions, age, and other factors can influence. This study aims to determine the best solvent for R. apiculata extract based on toxicity and antibacterial parameters. R. apiculata used in this study came from the Kuala Langsa area and Telaga Tujuh Island (East Aceh), with different tree diameters (2.4, 4.8, 5, 13, 23.3, & 26 cm). The samples were macerated three times for 24 hours using 99.8% methanol (MeOH) and 99.9% ethanol (EtOH) solvents. The samples were boiled for 15 minutes at a temperature of 85–90°C using aquades as the solvent. Extraction using a ratio of 10:1 (v/w) with 2 g of simplicia powder and 20 mL of solvent. The toxicity test was conducted using the brine shrimp lethality assay method and the antibacterial test using the disk diffusion assay method. Toxicity tests showed that the ethanol extract had the highest toxicity value with an LC₅₀ value of 26.879 μg/mL. Aquadest extract produced the highest inhibition zone with a value of 11.37±0.85 mm in Escherichia coli and 17.67±1.19 mm in Staphylococcus aureus. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that the solvent had a significant effect on the bacterial inhibition zone (p<0.05), while tree diameter had no significant effect (p<0.05). Ethanol solvent extract produced the highest toxicity value, while aquadest solvent extract produced the largest inhibition zone.

Mutu fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) hasil tangkapan di Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah

Rodiah Nurbaya Sari — 2025-01-31

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a fishery commodity that is the mainstay of Indonesian exports. Generally, exporters export crab as frozen, peeled, boiled meat, which is perishable. Considering the high potential of crab catching and the utilization of crab meat as an export commodity, it is necessary to research to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of crab caught in Rembang Regency, Central Java. The samples used were frozen fresh crab, frozen boiled, and peeled boiled meat by fishing households and miniplants. The analyses performed were yield, protein content, amino acid profile, TVB-N, microbial contamination, and heavy metals. The results showed a yield of 28.36-42.34%, protein content of 17.98±0.64 and 21.24±1.47% (b/w), total lysine 1.79-1.87%, glutamic acid 4.05-4.78% (b/w), hardness 22.145-38.096 N, and cohesiveness 0.476-0.638. TVB-N values of crab (fresh and boiled) and crab meat ranged from 9.51±1.67 to 54.68±0.00 mg N/100 g sample. There was no Salmonella (negative), Escherichia coli <0.3 APM/100 g sample, and ALT 6.15×108 CFU/g sample. Heavy metal contamination of crab meat was Pb 0.12±0.09 mg/kg sample, Cd 0.15±0.12 mg/kg sample, and Hg 1.48±0.71 mg/kg sample. Captured blue swimming crab in Rembang Regency has good quality. The heavy metal Hg found in peeled crab meat in miniplants was above the permissible threshold, requiring further testing.