Abstract
The development of broiler industry can be a basis for the economic growth and employment opportunities. There are three broiler breeding patterns i.e. independent breeders, internal-business partnerships, and external-business partnerships. This research aims to analyze broiler production and marketing in West Java Province. The research objectives are: (1) to analyze the performance of each broiler breeding farm; (2) to analyze the market structure of broilers; (3) to evaluate the marketing margin of broilers; and (4) to study market integration of broilers. The method used in this study was a survey method using structured questionnaires. The primary and secondary data used in this study were analyzed using the broiler breeding feasibility analysis, R/C ratio, marketing margin, and market integration analysis. The results showed that: (1) broiler breeding business in various patterns remains profitable and has an effective return to capital in moderate level, (2) both independent and plasma broiler breeders face an oligopolistic market structure, and the brokers also confronts oligopolistic market structure in dealing with the core enterprise through specific prices, and (3) retailers receive the biggest profit margin per unit of output, while the inter-regional wholesalers receive the largest total margin due to its large sales turnover, and (4) broiler markets are not integrated. In summary it can be concluded that broiler farming in various business patterns is profitable; however, and the marketing system is inefficient.
Keywords: R/C ratio, market structure, marketing margins, market integration, broiler
ABSTRAK
Pengembangan komoditas broiler dapat menjadi basis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pemerataan kesempatan kerja jika dikelola dengan baik. Paling tidak terdapat tiga pola usaha ternak broiler yakni usaha ternak mandiri, kemitraan usaha internal dan kemitraan usaha eksternal. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) mmenganalisis kinerja usaha ternak broiler; (2) menganalisis struktur pasar komoditas broiler; (3) menganalisis margin tataniaga komoditas broiler; dan (4) menganalisis integrasi pasar komoditas broiler. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis kelayakan usaha ternak, R/C ratio, marjin tataniaga dan analisis integrasi pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) usaha ternak broiler pada berbagai pola usaha masih tetap menguntungkan dan memiliki efektivitas pengembalian modal pada level moderat; (2) peternak baik mandiri maupun peternak plasma menghadapi struktur pasar yang oligopsonistik dan pedagang pengepul/broker menghadapi struktur pasar yang oligopolistik dalam berhadapan dengan perusahaan inti melalui harga Posko; (3) pedagang pengecer menerima rata-rata margin keuntungan terbesar per unit output, sedangkan pedagang besar antar wilayah menerima margin total terbesar karena omzet penjualan yang besar; dan (4) pasar komoditas broiler tidak terintegrasi, secara relatif peternak ke pedagang besar tidak terintegrasi dan pedagang besar ke pedagang pengecer secara relatif lebih terintegrasi. Secara ringkas dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha ternak broiler pada berbagai pola usaha menguntungkan dan sistem pemasaran yang belum efisien.
Kata kunci: R/C ratio, struktur pasar, margin pemasaran, integrasi pasar, broiler
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