Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI)

Multiplikasi Tunas Jahe Putih Besar (Zingiber officinale) In vitro dalam Media MS yang Diperkaya BAP dan TDZ

Prasetyorini Djarot — 2024-12-18

The giant white ginger is useful as a spice and herbal medicine. Its gingerol can prevent and treat various diseases. In vitro culture techniques can also increase the production of large white ginger seedlings. The purpose of this technique is to obtain a medium for in vitro propagation of large white ginger seedlings that can produce many seedlings, uniformly, and comparable to their parents. This study was conducted during the period September 2022-January 2023, using in vitro culture of giant white ginger at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetic Resources. To grow the explants on MS medium, which combines growth regulators BAP with concentrations of (0, 1, and 5 mg L^-1) and TDZ with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg L^-1 were used. The experiment was designed using randomized complete factorial. The results showed that the treatment combination of BAP 1.0 mg L^-1 without adding TDZ was the best choice. This is because they responded best to the growth of large white ginger explants in vitro.
Keywords: gingerol, growth media, production, rhizomes

Induksi Kalus Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Melalui Kultur In Vitro

Yosephine Sri Wulan Manuhara — 2024-12-18

Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. is a protected type of plant. Regeneration seeds in their natural habitat is difficult and takes a long time. In situ conservation with in vitro culture is an alternative to population recovery in its natural habitat. This study aims to determine the response of several types of explants and growth regulator to induce callus. The type of explant used is petiolus, branching of leaf lamina and leaf lamina, while the growth regulator used is BAP, CPPU and TDZ. The results showed that vertically cultured petiolus was able to produce more calluses and a shorter time than horizontally cultured. Vertically cultured petiolus explants are the explants that produce the most calluses and the fastest initiation time compared to leaf lamina and leaf lamina branching explants. MS media with the addition of TDZ 1 mg L-1 is the best medium in producing calluses. The fastest callus initiation time was obtained on MS media with the addition of TDZ 1 mg L-1 with vertically cultured petiolus explant.
Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, petiole, thidiazuron, plant growth regulator

Pengujian Efektivitas Mulsa Polyethylene pada Budidaya Cabai Menggunakan Sistem Fertigasi

Risna Rusdan — 2024-12-24

Chili is one of the essential horticultural commodities in Indonesia that can be utilized both fresh and processed. One example of processed chili is dried chili. Indonesia still imports dried chili due to the more competitive price of imported dried chili compared to local products. The application of appropriate cultivation technology can reduce the production cost of dried chili in Indonesia, enabling it to compete with imported prices. This study aims to reduce production costs by applying a non-mulched planting system using dense planting spacing. The research was conducted at the Cikarawang Experimental Garden, IPB, from December to May 2023. A non-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used, with treatments of polyethylene mulch and non-mulch and a planting distance of 25 cm × 25 cm. Chili was harvested when the fruits dried naturally on the plant, at 83 Days After Planting (DAP). The results showed that plants using polyethylene mulch produced a higher number of fruits per plot (4,930 fruits) compared to non-mulched plants (4,221 fruits). The fruit weight per plot for plants with polyethylene mulch (6,891 kg) was higher than those without mulch (5,694 kg). Moreover, the fruit weight per hectare for plants with mulch (9.47 tons ha⁻¹) was higher than for plants without mulch (7.89 tons ha⁻¹). Cultivating chili with direct drying on the plant is best suited for regions with low rainfall.

Keywords: industrial chili, cultivation technology, planting distance, production, productivity

Aplikasi Kompos Limbah Bawang Dayak dan FMA untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Pakcoy di Tanah Gambut

Titin Apung Atikah — 2024-12-18

This research aims to study the effect of providing Dayak onion harvest waste compost and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to increase the growth and yield of pak choy in inland peat soil. The method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), a 4x4 factorial pattern, and 3 replications. First factor=Dayak onion harvest waste compost (0, 10, 20, 30 ton ha^-1). Second factor dose (0, 2, 4, 6 ton ha^-1). The interaction treatment of the waste compost at a dose of 20 tons ha^-1 and AMF at a dose of 6 tons ha^-1 had a significant effect on the growth of the number of leaves at 21 DAS. The waste compost at a dose of 30 tons ha-1 and AMF at a dose of 4 tons ha^-1 had a significant effect on plant dry weight. Providing the waste compost at a dose of 30 tons ha^-1 had a significant effect over other treatments. At a dose of 20 tons ha^-1, it had a significant effect on root length. AMF did not differ significantly in plant height, number of leaves at 14, 21, and 28 DAS, leaf area, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight.

Keywords: Brassica rapa L., compost dosage, harvest waste compost, Completely Randomized Design (CRD), inland peat soil

Penggunaan Indole Butirat Acid untuk Setek Pucuk Kantong Semar (Nepenthes ampullaria Jack.) Hijau Polos

Ryan Budi Setiawan — 2024-12-18

The pitcher plant (Nepenthes ampullaria Jack.) is an endemic species distributed in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This species has a least concern status due to the lack of recent research data on its abundance and distribution. Exploitation for trade and deforestation have led to population decline. In addition, the long time to reach the generative phase and dioecious flowering type also contribute to the reduction of Nepenthes sp. Conservation programs in situ and ex-situ are very essential to preserve N. ampullaria. Plant propagation through cuttings can support conservation activities. The success of cuttings is determined by the concentration of growth regulators (ZPT) to induce the formation of roots and shoots, so it is important to study the concentration of ZPT. This study aims to determine the best IBA concentration to induce roots and shoots in N. ampullaria. The study was arranged based on a completely randomized design with IBA concentration treatment consisting of 5 levels, namely: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L^-1. The results showed that IBA concentration did not significantly affect the growth of N. ampullaria shoot cuttings with the percentage of live cuttings ranging from 70-100%, shoot height increase ranging from 5.01-9.53 cm, the number of primary roots ranging from 5.89-9.56 strands and the number of primary roots ranging from 3.52-6.29 cm. All treatments can stimulate the formation of roots and shoots, indicating that the endogenous phytohormone content was sufficient for the growth of shoot cuttings in N. ampullaria.

Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, endemic, extinct, plant growth regulator

Respons Morfologi dan Anatomi Kultivar Cabai (Capsicum annuum L) dan Penetapan Tingkat Toleransinya terhadap Defisit Air

Peni Lestari — 2024-12-18

Drought stress causes economic losses in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) farming in Indonesia. Identification of drought-tolerant chili cultivars is needed as the first step in developing drought-tolerant chili varieties. The research aims to identify morpho-anatomical changes in several chili cultivars and determine their tolerance level to water deficit using the DSI (Drought Sensitivity Index). The study was accomplished from February to August 2022 at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong. The experimental plots were arranged using a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The main plot comprised media humidity (80% and 35% field capacity), with subplots consisting of six chili cultivars. The results showed that plants were dormant while flowering time and harvest time were delayed under water deficit conditions, trichome density increased, while other variables decreased. A decrease in vegetative growth and late emergence of flower buds (phenology) preceded a decrease in yield. Chili cv. SSP and Genie were determined to be tolerant to water deficit conditions based on the SSI.

Keywords: drought stress, drought sensitivity index, drought tolerance, phenology

Peran Mikoriza Powder dan Granul dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)

Fahrizal Hazra — 2024-12-18

Increasing productivity of shallots is carried out through proper fertilization including type, form, and dose of fertilizer. Mycorrhiza infects roots to form external hyphae that increase the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients so that the growth and development of the host plant become faster. Mycorrhizal biofertilizers can be applied in granular or powdered form to increase production. This research aims to analyze the application of powder and granules of mycorrhiza with different levels of NPK in increasing vegetative and generative phases of shallot. The experimental method was carried out using the Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the first factor of mycorrhiza type, and the second factor of NPK dosage. The treatment consisted of 12 levels, each replicated six times, resulting in a total of 72 polybags. Granules mycorrhiza + 50% NPK is the most effective combination increasing the highest plant height to reach 46 cm, and the most number of leaves is 39 strands/clumps. The maximum number of tubers was 11 pieces/crump produced by powder mycorrhiza without NPK, while wet and dry weight of the heaviest tubers by the granule mycorrhiza + 75% NPK treatment of 31 g and 13 g. Mycorrhiza is known to reduce the NPK need by 25% since maximum yield can be attained by adding 75% NPK fertilizer.

Keywords: bulb weight, number of bulbs, plant height, root infection, spore density

Perbanyakan Anthurium crystallinum pada Media Mengandung BAP dan IAA secara in Vitro

Debi Rani Mutiara — 2024-12-27

The supply of Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André seeds is still limited, so in vitro propagation techniques are needed This research aims to study the effect of BAP and IAA on shoot growth of A. crystallinum Linden & André in vitro. The research was carried out from July to November 2023 at Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University The study used a two-factor Randomized Complete Group Design with 5 levels of BAP (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 mg L^-1) and 3 levels of IAA (0.0; 0.25; and 0.5 mg L^-1). IAA treatment had a significant effect on the percentage of explants with callus. Single BAP treatment affected the percentage of shoots, average number of stem nodes, number of lateral shoots, number of leaves, and inhibition of root growth. A BAP concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 produced a germination percentage of 100%, the highest average number of shoots and leaves per explant. The interaction of IAA and BAP affects the percentage of callus explants and the average number of stem nodes. Acclimatization was 100% successful on 13 Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André plantlets up to 2 MSA.

Keywords: araceae, callus, cytokinin, elephant ear plant, single node