Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI)

Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) pada Berbagai Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk NPKMg

Sausanil Afaf — 2024-08-01

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a strategic commodity in Indonesia. The needs of shallots increase continuously, so production should be increased. Factors determining production include planting space and fertilization. This research aims to determine the appropriate planting space and NPKMg fertilizer dose for shallot plants. The experiment was arranged factorially in a Randomized Complete Group Design with three replications using the SS-Sakato variety. The first factor is planting space, namely 10 cm x 10 cm, 10 cm x 15 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm, and 15 cm x 20 cm. The second factor is the dose of NPKMg fertilizer (10:12:17:2), namely 200, 400, 600, and 800 kg ha^-1. Planting space of 10 cm x 15 cm produces higher leaf area, number of tubers and fresh weight per hill, tile yield, and productivity compared to planting space of 10 cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm, and 15 cm x 20 cm. The highest transpiration rate was also produced from 10 cm x 15 cm for all NPKMg fertilizer doses (10:12:17:2), except 400 kg ha^-1. Increasing the fertilizer dose of 200 - 800 kg of NPKMg (10:12:17:2) did not increase tuber growth and yield because the N content is low (20 - 80 kg ha^-1), so additional single N source fertilizer is needed.

Keywords: tuber weight, number of tubers, NPKMg, SS-Sakato

Karakter Fenotipe Generasi F1 Hasil Persilangan Hemerocallis spp (Daylily)

Eka Fibrianty — 2024-08-01

Hemerocallis spp is a perennial plant that forms clumps and is commonly used as a landscape and potted plant. This plant belongs to the Liliaceae family and has a perfect flower. This research aimed to examine the morphological diversity of F1 from the Hemerocallis crossing. This research was conducted from August 2020 to October 2021 in Cipanas District at the elevation of 1100 m asl. Seven F1 progenies from a crossing of “After the Fall” (AF) and “Happy Return” (HR) were used as the plant materials, namely 20.008, 20.012, 20.018, 20.019, 20.021, 20.022, and 20.024. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed in this experiment. The results showed that there were quantitative and qualitative variations in morphological characters in each progeny. Flower diameter, petal length, sepal length, number of florets, number of leaves, and leaf length showed similar characteristics to those of the male parent (HR). Stamen length, petal width and leaf width showed the combined characters of the two parents. Flower color characters were similar to the female parent (AF), while the flower shape, namely circular, triangular, recurved and ruffled follows the combined characteristics of the two parents.

Keywords: Liliaceae family, morphological characters, progeny

Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Empat Varietas Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) pada Musim Kering

Nabila Syarfina Aryani — 2024-08-12

Efforts to develop dry land shallot often face the problem of limited irrigation water. Research aimed to determine the effect of shallot varieties on growth, yield, and water requirements in dry season. The research was conducted at the Babakan Sawah Baru Experimental Farm, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java in February-April 2023. The research used a randomized block design with a single factor of shallot varieties (Bima Brebes, Bauji, Tajuk, SS Sakato). Water requirement was calculated based on water balance, and water application was conducted manually. The results showed that plant height, number of shoots, leaves, and bulbs, evapotranspiration rate, and water requirements were determined by variety. Tuber productivity was statistically similar among varieties, 10.73-11.73 tonnes ha^-1. Varieties were divided into two groups, i.e., Tajuk and SS Sakato group required 2503.8-2549.3 m³ and Bima Brebes group required 2169.7 m3 ha^-1 equal to 4.17-4.25 mm per day and 3.62 mm per day. Amount of water for growing Bauji variety was in between the groups, i.e., 2317.4 m³. This research shows the prospect of water saving technology in shallots cultivation in dry land and anticipates negative impact of climate change.

Keywords: climate change, productivity, water saving technology, water use efficiency

Respons Pertumbuhan Biji Anggrek Dendrobium Edfrans Charming x Dendrobium Deni Erianto terhadap Penambahan Air Rebusan Kentang pada Media Vacin and Went (VW) secara In Vitro

Siswiana Emila — 2024-08-01

Dendrobium is the most popular orchid genus for orchid enthusiast and also plays an important role in producing hybrid orchids. Hybrid orchids are crossbred orchids to combine good characteristics in one plant so as to obtain orchid species with certain styles and colors along with the desired superior traits. In vitro culture method is one of the effective ways to propagate orchids. In vitro plant tissue growth rate can be increased by adding complex organic substances such as potato boiled water. This study aims to determine the growth response of Dendrobium Edfrans Charming x Dendrobium Deni Erianto orchid seeds to the addition of potato boiled water on Vacin and Went (VW) media in vitro, and determine the best concentration for growth. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatment levels of potato cooking water (0, 50, 100, 150, 200) mL on Vacin and Went media. The results of this study showed that the average percentage of live orchid explants Dendrobium Edfrans Charming x Dendrobium Deni Erianto was 100%. Based on the observation during 60 HST, there were 6 phases of seed growth. The addition of potato cooking water with a concentration of 200 mL on VW media gives the best results which are characterized by the fastest protocorm emergence time at 20.80 DAP and all protocorm growth phases occurred fastest compared to other treatments.

Keywords: coconut water, Orchidaceae, PLBs, shoots, species

Pengaruh Limbah Sawit dan NPK terhadap Hasil Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp chinensis) menggunakan Media Tanah Berpasir

Saijo — 2024-08-12

Pakcoy is a leaf vegetable that comes from tropical and subtropical regions. The advantages of pak choy compared to other vegetables are that it has high economic value, short harvest time, wide adaptability and long-lasting harvest, namely around 10 days, so it has great prospects for cultivation. The research aims to analyze and determine the effect of the interaction of a mixture of boiler ash waste and fiber and NPK fertilizer (2 factors) on the growth and yield of pakchoy. The research used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors and 3 replications. The first treatment factor is the dose of waste mixed with boiler ash and palm fiber while the second treatment is NPK fertilizer. The results of the research showed that the interaction between the treatment of a mixture of boiler ash waste and lint and NPK fertilizer had a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, fresh weight of the plant, fresh weight of the crown, weight and harvest index. The best treatment for the fresh crown weight variable when applying a mixture of boiler ash and lint waste is 19.35 g polybag^-1 or 12 tons ha^-1, while the best treatment for NPK fertilizer is 0.48 g polybag-1 or 350 kg ha^-1.

Keywords: boiler ash waste compost, fiber compost, growth, yield

Karakterisasi Morfologi Bawang Merah Cekaman Salinitas pada Konsentrasi Letal 20 (LC20) dan 50 (LC50)

Diana Eureka Anugrah — 2024-08-12

Efforts to optimize non-productive soil using saline soil are an important issue related to the salt content that affects the growth and development of salt-sensitive shallots. The morphological response as a form of sensitivity and tolerance of shallot to salinity is considered to be a characteristic of varieties that can be cultivated on refined soil. The objective of the study was to determine the lethal concentration values of 20 and 50 and the morphological response of shallot plants to salinity excretion. The research was carried out at the research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Agricultural Cultivation Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, using 2-factor Complete Randomized Block Design. The first factor of concentration of NaCl are S1: 100 mM, S2: 150 mM, S3: 200 mM, and S4: 250 mM. The second factor are shallot varieties V1: Birma Padang, V2: Bauji, V3: Thailand, V4: Tituk, V5: Solok Sakato, V6: Surian, and V7: Batu Ijo Medan, with Wick System hydroponic tray planting methods. The results showed that seven shallots varieties have different LC20 and LC50 values, and morphological characterization showed a decrease in plant height, leaf number, tiller number, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight.

Keywords: NaCl concentration, salt tolerance, tolerant varieties, Wick system hydroponic

The Effect of Drought Stress on Phyllanthin and Quercetin Contents of Green Meniran Plant (Phyllanthus niruri L.)

Nailulkamal Djamas — 2024-08-12

Research on the effect of drought stress on the production of phyllanthin and quercetin in green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) has been carried out. The research objectives are to determine the impact of drought stress on the vegetative growth of green meniran plants and determine the optimal level of field capacity and harvest time to obtain optimal concentrations of phyllanthin and quercetin. The research was conducted from September 2021 to September 2022 at the BRIN Laboratory using three levels of Field Capacity (KL) (30, 60, and 100%) and two harvest times (2 and 4 weeks). The observed parameters were morphologic parameters and the content of phyllanthin and quercetin. The results showed that drought stress and harvest time made a significant difference in the phyllanthin content and not a significant difference in the quercetin content. The highest phyllanthin content was obtained at 100% KL and harvest time 4 weeks after planting (WAP). The conclusions of this research are: Drought stress can reduce the vegetative growth of green meniran plants and to obtain optimal vegetative growth, green meniran should not be subjected to drought stress; To obtain the highest level of phyllanthin content from green meniran plants, the optimal level of field capacity and harvest time is 100% KL and a harvest time of four weeks; The quercetin content of green meniran is not significantly influenced by differences in the level of drought stress and harvest time.

Keywords: irrigation engineering, harvest time, medicinal plant cultivation techniques, plant vegetative growth, secondary metabolite engineering

Anatomi Daun dan Hubungannya terhadap Pertumbuhan Calathea sp. pada Berbagai Jenis Pupuk

Adrian Ramdani — 2024-08-12

Due to their diverse leaf patterns and colors, calathea plants have economic potential as foliage ornamental species. Research about cultivation techniques is more important for obtaining high-quality plants and efficient cultivation methods. This research aims to characterize leaf anatomy and obtain plant growth responses to various fertilizer applications. This research was carried out from January to April 2023 in Sukamantri Village, Tamansari District, Bogor Regency, the research employed a two-factor Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD). The fertilizer type factor comprised four levels: without fertilization (P0), chicken manure (P1), slow-release fertilizer (P2), and foliar fertilizer (P3). In addition, the calathea type factor encompassed Calathea picturata var. Vandenheckei (S1) and Calathea ornata var. Beauty Star (S2). The application of various types of fertilizers does not affect all observed variables. Cultivating calathea plants without using fertilizers is an efficient method. Calathea picturata var. Vandenheckei has a higher shoot growth rate, plant height, and stomatal density compared to Calathea ornata var Beauty Star. There is no correlation between leaf anatomy and calathea growth rate due to the application of various types of fertilizers.

Keywords: flower, ornamental plant, shoot, trichome