Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI), (Indonesian Journal of Horticulture), is an official publication of the Indonesian Society for Horticulture, founded in 2010, first launched and published in National Seminar of Indonesian Horticulture, Udayana University – Bali at 25th November 2010. The JHI publishes primary research paper, review article, policy analysis and research notes and preliminary results in all areas of horticulture. Manuscripts could be written either in English or in Indonesia. JHI is a triannual publication; April, August, December. The JHI is published Indonesian Society for Horticulture (PERHORTI) in partnership with Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Hortikultura) was accredited “B” as a national journal as well as SINTA 2 category, based on Decree of Directorate General for Higher Education No 2/E/KPT/2015, dated 1st December 2005 on Accreditation of Scientific Journals by Directorate General for Higher Education in the first period on 2015. In 2020, based on Decree of Minister of Research and Technology/BRIN, No 200/M/KPT/2020, dated 23 December 2020, JHI was accredited SINTA 2 [Download] . e-ISSN: 2614-2872
Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture
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Uji Efektivitas Sterilisasi dan Jenis Eksplan yang Berbeda pada Citrullus lanatus L. secara In Vitro
Watermelon plants require consistent environmental conditions throughout their growth period. Tissue culture serves as a solution in plant propagation techniques that can control the environmental conditions for watermelon growth. This study aims to determine the appropriate sterilization method and explant type for watermelon plant propagation using tissue culture techniques. The research was conducted from June to August 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This study used a Complete Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) with two factors: six treatments of different sterilization agent sequences for explants, including Benomyl 0.2% for 3 minutes, detergent for 3 minutes, HgCl₂ 0.03% for 10 minutes, and 70% alcohol for 45 seconds, and four types of explants: radicle, hypocotyl, plumule, and cotyledon, with two replicates of five experimental units each. The results showed that sterilization factors and explant types had a significant effect on the percentage of contaminated explants and indicated a decrease in contamination in the treatment of 0.2% benomyl for 3 minutes, detergent for 3 minutes, 0.03% HgCl2 for 10 minutes, and 70% alcohol for 45 seconds on cotyledon explants. Keywords: browning, contamination, tissue culture, watermelon sprout
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI)
Aplikasi Pupuk Mikro Boron dan Molibdenum pada Kualitas Buah Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Varietas Mencir
Indonesian strawberry quality is generally still low leading to high strawberry imports. Research aimed to evaluate the effect of Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo) applications on the production and quality of strawberries. The research was conducted at a farmer’s field in Rancabali-Bandung, Indonesia, from July to August 2024. Formulated foliar fertilizer containing 500 ppm B and 5 ppm Mo was applied with different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%). It was applied at different fruit stages (5 and 12 days after anthesis). Data were evaluated for the number of fruits, fruit size and weight, and fruit quality. Results showed that application time at different fruit ages had no significant effect on all variables. Fertilizer concentration did not affect fruit production, but it affected fruit firmness, TTA, and TSS levels. The concentration of 0.8% resulted in the highest level of firmness, the lowest TAA level (0.32%), and the highest TSS (12.40 oBrix). Thus, the B and Mo applications enhanced some indicators of fruit quality in strawberries. It is important to evaluate the effect of B and Mo applications at the farmer’s level to enhance strawberry quality. Keywords: Acidity, Brix, foliar fertilizer, production, vitamin C
The Interaction Effect of Single NPK Fertilizer with Compound NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.)
The success of shallot farming is influenced by the availability of high-quality seeds of superior varieties, accompanied by balanced fertilization. NPK fertilizer is important for the growth and development of plants and the yield of shallot bulbs. The experiment was carried out from August to October 2019 in dry land Karangploso Experimental Garden, Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology (AIAT) of East Java (Malang Regency) during the dry season. This study aims to determine the influence interaction from applying various doses of single NPK fertilizer Urea, ZA, SP-36 and KCl and compound NPK fertilizer against growth and shallot yield. The experimental design used a randomized block design (RBD) arranged factorially (8x3). The first factor is the fertilization package single NPK which consists of two levels, namely: P1= 150 kg ha-1 Urea + 300 kg ha-1 ZA + 150 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 150 kg ha-1 KCl; and P2= 200 kg ha-1 Urea + 500 kg ha-1 ZA + 200 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 200 kg ha-1 KCl. The second factor was compound NPK fertilizer, which consisted of four levels: N0= without compound NPK fertilizer; N1= 100 kg ha-1; N2= 200 kg ha-1; and N3= 300 kg ha-1. The study’s results showed that the treatment of single doses of NPK fertilizer and compound NPK fertilizers did not provide a significant interaction, so these two factors were independent. Keywords: Anorganic Fertilizer, Production, Shallots
Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume secara In Vivo dengan Thidiazuron (TDZ)
Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume is a type of orchid widely used as an ornamental plant and as a parent species in breeding programs. Overexploitation and slow vegetative growth make this species a target for ex-situ conservation efforts, which can be supported through the application of nutrients and plant growth regulators, such as Thidiazuron (TDZ). This study aimed to examine the effect of TDZ application and determine the optimal concentration of TDZ for the growth of P. amabilis. The research was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 in Tembalang, Semarang, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, namely TDZ concentration (0.25, and 50 ppm). The observed parameters included the length and width of existing leaves, the number and emergence time of new leaves, leaf color, the number and emergence time of new roots, and stomatal density. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that TDZ significantly enhanced the length and width of existing leaves, the number and emergence time of new leaves, and stomatal density in P. amabilis. Thidiazuron (TDZ) also affected leaf color. The best concentration for promoting leaf growth was 25 ppm TDZ. Keywords: conservation, cytokinin, growth regulator, vegetative
Budidaya Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Terapung di Rawa Lebak dengan Volume Media Tanam Berbeda
The increasing population also increases the need for vegetables, so it is necessary to increase vegetable production. Floating system cultivation can be used as an alternative form to increase vegetable production by utilizing flooded land. One factor that can affect plant growth is the volume of planting media. This research was conducted to determine proper the volume of planting media in Brassica rapa L. cultivation using floating system as an effort to produce optimum production in swamp area cultivation. This research was carried out in the swamp research field laboratory Agronomy Department Sriwijaya University from July to September 2024. The research method used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments consisting of 1.9 liter (V1), 2.7 liter (V2), 3.6 liter (V3), and 5 liter (V4) planting media volume. This floating agriculture system used a raft made of bamboo and mineral water gallons measuring 1.3 m × 2 m with the approach hydroponic wick system and modified floating rafts. The research results showed that cultivating Brassica rapa L. with volumes of media using floating system produced the highest quality of growth per plant in 5 L media volume treatment (V4). Meanwhile, 1.9 L media volume treatment (V1) was able to accommodate larger a plant population with the highest production yield per raft unit. Keywords : floating rafts, flooded land, vegetables, wick system
Penggunaan Pupuk Hayati Endomikoriza untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Jagung Manis
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients are essential for sweet corn growth and yield. N, P, and K fertilizer is increasingly limited and expensive, so it should be an efficient application. Endomycorrhiza is a mycorrhiza that is symbiotic with roots, forming a hyphae network that expands the root surface to absorb nutrients. The objective of this research was to study the role of Endomycorrhiza to the efficiency of N, P, and K fertilization. There were six levels: without fertilization, fertilization of 1.00 dose of Standard NPK, 1.00 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza, 0.75 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza, 0.50 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza, and 0.25 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza. Standard NPK is 135 kg N, 72 kg P2O5, and 120 kg K2O per hectare. The dose of Endomycorrhizal biofertilizer (2.1 x 103 CFU g-1 active mycorrhizal propagules) was 800 kg per hectare. The treatments were repeated 4 times. The number of leaves at 8 weeks after planting without fertilization was the least (11.8 leaves), which were fertilized with 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25 doses of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhizae were more (average 13.7 leaves) than 1.0 dose of Standard NPK without mycorrhizae (12.9 leaves). The yield of husked cobs from 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 doses of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhizae were similar and higher (average 5.44 tons ha-1) than 1.00 dose of Standard NPK without Endomycorrhizae (4.72 tons ha-1). The Endomycorrhiza biofertilizer could save 50% of the standard NPK dose with 11.2% higher results. Keywords: corn cob weight, hyphae, mycorrhiza, propagules, symbiosis
Studi Tahap Perkembangan Mikrospora dan Respon Pepaya Hermaprodit Varietas Callina melalui Kultur Antera
Anther culture is an in vitro culture technique that is promising in obtaining haploid plants in one generation. This study aimed to obtain information regarding the stages of microspore development and anther response in three sizes of Callina papaya hermaphroditic flower buds on a callus induction medium. The research was conducted at the Microtechnics and Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, IPB- Bogor, from July to November 2022. The planting material used was three sizes of hermaphrodite flowers of the papaya variety Callina including small (10-15 mm), medium (16-20 mm) and large (21-25 mm). The culture medium used was MS medium with six PGR treatments, namely four combination treatments of (0.005, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1) CPPU and (0.1 mg L-1) NAA; 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA; and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 2.0 mg L-1 NAA. The experimental design used a Randomized Complete Group Design (RCBD) with one factor (microspore development stage) and 2 factors (callus induction). The results showed that flowers measuring 10-15 mm had the highest percentage of uninucleate microspores (77.95%), a responsive size for inducing callus formation from anthers. Treatments of 0.5 mg L-1 CPPU and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA showed the highest percentage of anthers forming callus (40.4%). At the same time, flower size did not significantly influence the parameters observed, but 10-15 mm flower sizes showed the highest percentage of anthers forming callus (13%). Keywords: BAP, CPPU, callus induction, flower bud, NAA
Dormansi Benih Melon (Cucumis melo L.): Penyebab, Tipe, dan Efektivitas Perlakuan Plasma untuk Pematahan Dormansi
Freshly harvested melon seeds exhibit dormancy, resulting in a germination rate of less than 45%. Plasma, an ionized gas, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that enhance seed imbibition. This study aimed to identify the type of dormancy in melon seeds and evaluate the effects of plasma treatment through two experiments. The first experiment assessed the physiological quality of seeds over 10 weeks and measured hormone concentrations in seeds stored for 0 to 5 weeks. For seeds stored for 7 weeks, we peeled the testa and tegmen. The second experiment tested plasma effects on freshly harvested seeds by applying it at voltages of 100, 150, and 225 volts for 120 seconds, both on dry seeds and those moistened for 1 hour. We also optimized soaking times (2, 4, or 6 hours) for seeds with a 4-week shelf life at 225 volts. Results showed fluctuating levels of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones, with peeling increasing the germination rate to 89%. Seeds treated with plasma exhibited higher GA concentrations than the control, and a 2-hour soaking before 225-volt plasma application increased the germination rate to 83.5%. In conclusion, melon seeds demonstrate both physical dormancy (due to a non-permeable seed coat) and physiological dormancy (linked to hormonal balance). Keywords: ABA, GA, germination, RNS, ROS
Aktivitas Fisiologis Cincau Hijau Perdu (Premna oblongifolia) pada Pemberian Mikoriza dan Biochar Serat Aren
Green grass jelly shrub is a plant that has various benefits, so market demand for this plant continues to increase every year. On the other hand, the production of green grass jelly shrub has decreased so the market demand for this plant cannot be met. This study aims to determine the interaction between the dose of mycorrhiza and palm fiber biochar composition on the physiological activity of green grass jelly shrubs. Research with experimental methods was conducted in Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, June-October 2023. The method used was a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) and 3 replicates. The first factor was the dose of mycorrhizal fertilizer (0, 5, 10, and 15 g plant-1) and the composition of planting media [soil (control), soil:palm fiber biochar (1:1), soil:palm fiber biochar (1:2), and soil:palm fiber biochar (2:1)]. Data experiments were analyzed using analysis of variance at the 5% error level and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% error level. The results showed that the dose of mycorrhiza 15 g plant-1 gave better results on plant height, weight of dry, number of stomata, and width of stomatal openings. Treatment of the composition planting media soil: palm fiber biochar with a ratio of 2:1 gave better results on stomatal opening width. Keywords: Phosphate, pectin, stomatal, transpiration, Verbenaceae
Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Mulsa Polyethylene terhadap Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di Lahan Kering
Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an important commodity in Indonesia’s economy, but their growth in dry land areas is often hindered by water limitations and suboptimal environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of plastic mulch on the growth and yield of shallots in dry land using a drip irrigation system. The experiment was conducted at the Cikarawang Experimental Field, IPB University, from September to December 2022, using a non-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with plastic mulch and no mulch treatments. The use of plastic mulch tended to reduce plant growth. However, plastic mulch was effective in reducing tuber weight loss, which could potentially increase farmers' income. These findings provide valuable insights for developing sustainable shallot cultivation techniques in dry land areas. Keywords: drip irrigation, dry land, plastic mulch, shallot production, weight loss
Karakter Fisikokimia Buah Melon Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. Cantaloupe) yang Dipanen Awal
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L var. Cantaloupe) is a climacteric fruit that shows rapid physical and morphological changes after the fruit is harvested. The shelf life of the fruit can be extended by harvesting early after the fruit has reached the physiological ripeness stage. This study aimed to assess the effect of early harvesting time on the quality of cantaloupe fruit during storage. The experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Tropical Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University (PKHT, IPB) Farm Tajur, Bogor, and postharvest ripening test was conducted at Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. Parameters observed included respiration rate, ethylene production, changes in skin wrinkling, soluble sugar concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C content. The result showed that cantaloupe harvested early at 32 days after anthesis has peak respiration at 7 days after harvest, peak ethylene production 9 days after harvest, shrivel incidence of the fruit skin at 18 days after harvest, highest PTT content (6.99 oBrix), ATT (0.02 mL g-1), PTT/ATT ratio (493.75), and vitamin C content (20.65 mg (100 g)-1. Keywords: climacteric fruit, postharvest quality, shelf life, ethylene production
Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa dan Tinggi Bedengan terhadap Lingkungan Mikro Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an agricultural commodity with high economic value that cannot tolerate drought because of their short roots. Still, it cannot tolerate being in a place that is flooded with water. Efforts to manipulate the environment of shallot plants can be done by providing mulch and adjusting the height of the beds to improve soil air conditioning, as well as optimizing soil temperature and moisture. The research aims to obtain the best type of mulch and bed height that can increase the growth and yield of shallots. The study was carried out in January-April 2023 in Menggare Village, Slahung, Ponorogo, East Java. The research used RBD with 9 combination treatments of mulch and bed height (without mulch, straw, and silver black plastic mulch with bed heights of 30, 40, and 50 cm) and was repeated 3 times. Straw mulch and silver black plastic mulch can reduce soil temperature to a depth of 10 cm by 1.5-3.0 oC and 1.84 oC. Treatment of silver black plastic mulch 40 cm and 50 cm and 50 cm of straw mulch increased tuber production by 29.9, 34.6, and 31.9% compared to without mulch, 30 cm, which produces tubers 9.28 ton ha-1. Keywords: microclimate, silver black plastic mulch, shallot, soil temperature
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleorotus ostreatus) pada Variasi Media Tumbuh yang Diperkaya Limbah Organik
White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) have high economic value due to their nutritional content and the increasing market demand. However, optimizing an effective and environmentally friendly growing medium remains a challenge. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in growing media enriched with organic waste from coffee husks, sugarcane bagasse, and cocoa husks on the growth and yield of oyster mushrooms. The research was conducted from May to September 2023 at Bee Jamur, Peguyangan Village, Bali. The method used was a split-plot design. The first factor, as the main plot, consisted of three types of organic waste: coffee husks (L1), cocoa husks (L2), and sugarcane bagasse (L3). The second factor, as the subplot, comprised eight organic waste compositions: K1 = 100% sawdust (control); K2 = 15% organic waste (LO); K3 = 25% LO; K4 = 35% LO; K5 = 45% LO; K6 = 55% LO; K7 = 65% LO; K8 = 75% LO. The results showed that using organic waste as an additive in the growing medium increased mycelium growth speed, wet weight, and the physical characteristics of the oyster mushrooms compared to the control. The medium with the addition of coffee husks yielded the best results in terms of growth and mushroom production. Furthermore, organoleptic tests showed that mushrooms grown using sugarcane bagasse media were the most preferred in aroma, texture, and taste. Keywords: baglog, mushroom, coffee husks, cocoa husks, sugarcane bagasse
Studi Perkecambahan Benih Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Asal Indonesia
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) originates from the Peruvian Amazon forest and can be processed into sacha inchi oil, which has a positive impact on human health. This study aims to determine the percentage of germination, germination speed, and seedling morphology in the germination of sacha inchi seeds. The study was conducted in the experimental field and Plant Breeding and Seed Technology Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, from July 1 to November 12, 2024. The study consisted of a tetrazolium test and a germination test with sand media. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design with two factors in the form of seed accession (Bogor, Cimahi, and Lampung) and germination period, with three replications (July 1, August 22, and October 5, 2024). The results showed non-viable seeds based on the Tetrazolium test on each accession: Bogor: 6%; Cimahi: 10%; and Lampung: 83.3%. The percentage of germination and germination speed of sacha inchi seeds on average in 3 periods was 7.56% and 0.35% etmal-1, found in Cimahi accessions. The rate of germination and germination speed of Cimahi accessions could be higher by 12% and 0.75% etmal-1 in the first period. The type of sacha inchi germination is the epigeal type: a sprout that lifts the cotyledons. The cotyledons are light green, then lifted and leave their seed coats. Keywords: accession, epigeal, germination percentage, germination speed, tetrazolium test
Seed Diversity Five Species of Chili (Capsicum spp.) Based on Morphological Characters and Seed Viability
Chili seeds have a lot of diversity and are a cultivation success. Identification of chili seed diversity and seed viability testing is needed as one step in assembling varieties and providing quality seeds. The objective of this study was to obtain information on seed shape, beak protrusion, 1000-seed weight, and seed viability. The study was conducted on 63 chili genotypes from 5 species (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens) in February-July 2023 at the IPB Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Observations include the morphological and physiological properties of chili seeds. Chili seeds are generally yellowish white with a beak protrusion, except C. pubescens (black color, no beak protrusion), kidney-shaped seeds (C. annuum), oval (C. baccatum), teardrops (C. frutescens), D-shaped (C. pubescens), circular with a fish mouth (C. chinense). The chili species observed had various sizes of 1000-seed weight (light (<3.90 g), medium (3.90-5.68 g), and heavy (>5.68 g). Genetic diversity of germination, maximum growth potential, vigor index, growth rate, and growth simultaneity were categorized broadly, while normal dry weight of sprouts, growth rate, and 1,000 seed weight were categorized narrowly. Seed size did not affect the percentage of seed germination. The C.pubescens species had different seed characteristics from other Capsicum species, while the C.annuum species had similarities with C.frutescens, C.chinense, and C.baccatum. Keywords: chili, diversity, morphology, seeds, species
Potensi Ekstrak Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dan Tanaman Mimosa pudica L. sebagai Edible Coating untuk Memperpanjang Masa Simpan pada Buah Apel
The apple industry in Indonesia, particularly in East Java Province, faces significant challenges related to fruit spoilage, which can result in substantial economic losses. One potential solution to address this issue is the application of natural-based edible coatings. This study aims to examine the effects of combining torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract and mimosa (Mimosa pudica) plant extract as the main ingredients in edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of apples. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with four treatments: no coating (P0), coating with 2% extract (P1), 4% extract (P2), and 6% extract (P3). The results revealed that the combination of these extracts contained antimicrobial compounds such as dodecanal, octane, 1,1-diethoxy-, squalene, and methyl stearate, which effectively inhibited spoilage. The P3 treatment (6% extract) proved the most effective in maintaining apple quality, as indicated by stable weight, firmness, and sustained sugar and vitamin C content during storage. Keywords: post-harvest, storage capacity, secondary metabolites
Induksi Kalus Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Melalui Kultur In Vitro
Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. is a protected type of plant. Regeneration seeds in their natural habitat is difficult and takes a long time. In situ conservation with in vitro culture is an alternative to population recovery in its natural habitat. This study aims to determine the response of several types of explants and growth regulator to induce callus. The type of explant used is petiolus, branching of leaf lamina and leaf lamina, while the growth regulator used is BAP, CPPU and TDZ. The results showed that vertically cultured petiolus was able to produce more calluses and a shorter time than horizontally cultured. Vertically cultured petiolus explants are the explants that produce the most calluses and the fastest initiation time compared to leaf lamina and leaf lamina branching explants. MS media with the addition of TDZ 1 mg L-1 is the best medium in producing calluses. The fastest callus initiation time was obtained on MS media with the addition of TDZ 1 mg L-1 with vertically cultured petiolus explant. Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, petiole, thidiazuron, plant growth regulator
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI)
Aplikasi Kompos Limbah Bawang Dayak dan FMA untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Pakcoy di Tanah Gambut
This research aims to study the effect of providing Dayak onion harvest waste compost and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to increase the growth and yield of pak choy in inland peat soil. The method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), a 4x4 factorial pattern, and 3 replications. First factor=Dayak onion harvest waste compost (0, 10, 20, 30 ton ha-1). Second factor dose (0, 2, 4, 6 ton ha-1). The interaction treatment of the waste compost at a dose of 20 tons ha-1 and AMF at a dose of 6 tons ha-1 had a significant effect on the growth of the number of leaves at 21 DAS. The waste compost at a dose of 30 tons ha-1 and AMF at a dose of 4 tons ha-1 had a significant effect on plant dry weight. Providing the waste compost at a dose of 30 tons ha-1 had a significant effect over other treatments. At a dose of 20 tons ha-1, it had a significant effect on root length. AMF did not differ significantly in plant height, number of leaves at 14, 21, and 28 DAS, leaf area, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight. Keywords: Brassica rapa L., compost dosage, harvest waste compost, Completely Randomized Design (CRD), inland peat soil
Respons Morfologi dan Anatomi Kultivar Cabai (Capsicum annuum L) dan Penetapan Tingkat Toleransinya terhadap Defisit Air
Drought stress causes economic losses in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) farming in Indonesia. Identification of drought-tolerant chili cultivars is needed as the first step in developing drought-tolerant chili varieties. The research aims to identify morpho-anatomical changes in several chili cultivars and determine their tolerance level to water deficit using the DSI (Drought Sensitivity Index). The study was accomplished from February to August 2022 at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong. The experimental plots were arranged using a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The main plot comprised media humidity (80% and 35% field capacity), with subplots consisting of six chili cultivars. The results showed that plants were dormant while flowering time and harvest time were delayed under water deficit conditions, trichome density increased, while other variables decreased. A decrease in vegetative growth and late emergence of flower buds (phenology) preceded a decrease in yield. Chili cv. SSP and Genie were determined to be tolerant to water deficit conditions based on the SSI. Keywords: drought stress, drought sensitivity index, drought tolerance, phenology
Penggunaan Indole Butirat Acid untuk Setek Pucuk Kantong Semar (Nepenthes ampullaria Jack.) Hijau Polos
The pitcher plant (Nepenthes ampullaria Jack.) is an endemic species distributed in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This species has a least concern status due to the lack of recent research data on its abundance and distribution. Exploitation for trade and deforestation have led to population decline. In addition, the long time to reach the generative phase and dioecious flowering type also contribute to the reduction of Nepenthes sp. Conservation programs in situ and ex-situ are very essential to preserve N. ampullaria. Plant propagation through cuttings can support conservation activities. The success of cuttings is determined by the concentration of growth regulators (ZPT) to induce the formation of roots and shoots, so it is important to study the concentration of ZPT. This study aims to determine the best IBA concentration to induce roots and shoots in N. ampullaria. The study was arranged based on a completely randomized design with IBA concentration treatment consisting of 5 levels, namely: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1. The results showed that IBA concentration did not significantly affect the growth of N. ampullaria shoot cuttings with the percentage of live cuttings ranging from 70-100%, shoot height increase ranging from 5.01-9.53 cm, the number of primary roots ranging from 5.89-9.56 strands and the number of primary roots ranging from 3.52-6.29 cm. All treatments can stimulate the formation of roots and shoots, indicating that the endogenous phytohormone content was sufficient for the growth of shoot cuttings in N. ampullaria. Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, endemic, extinct, plant growth regulator
Peran Mikoriza Powder dan Granul dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)
Increasing productivity of shallots is carried out through proper fertilization including type, form, and dose of fertilizer. Mycorrhiza infects roots to form external hyphae that increase the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients so that the growth and development of the host plant become faster. Mycorrhizal biofertilizers can be applied in granular or powdered form to increase production. This research aims to analyze the application of powder and granules of mycorrhiza with different levels of NPK in increasing vegetative and generative phases of shallot. The experimental method was carried out using the Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the first factor of mycorrhiza type, and the second factor of NPK dosage. The treatment consisted of 12 levels, each replicated six times, resulting in a total of 72 polybags. Granules mycorrhiza + 50% NPK is the most effective combination increasing the highest plant height to reach 46 cm, and the most number of leaves is 39 strands/clumps. The maximum number of tubers was 11 pieces/crump produced by powder mycorrhiza without NPK, while wet and dry weight of the heaviest tubers by the granule mycorrhiza + 75% NPK treatment of 31 g and 13 g. Mycorrhiza is known to reduce the NPK need by 25% since maximum yield can be attained by adding 75% NPK fertilizer. Keywords: bulb weight, number of bulbs, plant height, root infection, spore density
Multiplikasi Tunas Jahe Putih Besar (Zingiber officinale) In vitro dalam Media MS yang Diperkaya BAP dan TDZ
The giant white ginger is useful as a spice and herbal medicine. Its gingerol can prevent and treat various diseases. In vitro culture techniques can also increase the production of large white ginger seedlings. The purpose of this technique is to obtain a medium for in vitro propagation of large white ginger seedlings that can produce many seedlings, uniformly, and comparable to their parents. This study was conducted during the period September 2022-January 2023, using in vitro culture of giant white ginger at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetic Resources. To grow the explants on MS medium, which combines growth regulators BAP with concentrations of (0, 1, and 5 mg L-1) and TDZ with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg L-1 were used. The experiment was designed using randomized complete factorial. The results showed that the treatment combination of BAP 1.0 mg L-1 without adding TDZ was the best choice. This is because they responded best to the growth of large white ginger explants in vitro. Keywords: gingerol, growth media, production, rhizomes
Pengujian Efektivitas Mulsa Polyethylene pada Budidaya Cabai Menggunakan Sistem Fertigasi
Chili is one of the essential horticultural commodities in Indonesia that can be utilized both fresh and processed. One example of processed chili is dried chili. Indonesia still imports dried chili due to the more competitive price of imported dried chili compared to local products. The application of appropriate cultivation technology can reduce the production cost of dried chili in Indonesia, enabling it to compete with imported prices. This study aims to reduce production costs by applying a non-mulched planting system using dense planting spacing. The research was conducted at the Cikarawang Experimental Garden, IPB, from December to May 2023. A non-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used, with treatments of polyethylene mulch and non-mulch and a planting distance of 25 cm × 25 cm. Chili was harvested when the fruits dried naturally on the plant, at 83 Days After Planting (DAP). The results showed that plants using polyethylene mulch produced a higher number of fruits per plot (4,930 fruits) compared to non-mulched plants (4,221 fruits). The fruit weight per plot for plants with polyethylene mulch (6,891 kg) was higher than those without mulch (5,694 kg). Moreover, the fruit weight per hectare for plants with mulch (9.47 tons ha⁻¹) was higher than for plants without mulch (7.89 tons ha⁻¹). Cultivating chili with direct drying on the plant is best suited for regions with low rainfall. Keywords: industrial chili, cultivation technology, planting distance, production, productivity
Perbanyakan Anthurium crystallinum pada Media Mengandung BAP dan IAA secara in Vitro
The supply of Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André seeds is still limited, so in vitro propagation techniques are needed This research aims to study the effect of BAP and IAA on shoot growth of A. crystallinum Linden & André in vitro. The research was carried out from July to November 2023 at Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University The study used a two-factor Randomized Complete Group Design with 5 levels of BAP (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 mg L-1) and 3 levels of IAA (0.0; 0.25; and 0.5 mg L-1). IAA treatment had a significant effect on the percentage of explants with callus. Single BAP treatment affected the percentage of shoots, average number of stem nodes, number of lateral shoots, number of leaves, and inhibition of root growth. A BAP concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 produced a germination percentage of 100%, the highest average number of shoots and leaves per explant. The interaction of IAA and BAP affects the percentage of callus explants and the average number of stem nodes. Acclimatization was 100% successful on 13 Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André plantlets up to 2 MSA. Keywords: araceae, callus, cytokinin, elephant ear plant, single node
Edible Coating Berbasis Kitosan dengan Penambahan Minyak Sereh dalam Memperpanjang Masa Simpan Buah Belimbing
Starfruit belongs to the category with non-climacteric respiration patterns and is prone to perishability. Efforts to inhibit the decline in quality in both physical and chemical changes involve using edible coatings and low-temperature storage. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of edible coating materials in maintaining the quality and shelf life of starfruit. The research was conducted from July to December 2019, at the Taman Buah Mekarsari, Bogor, West Java, and the Postharvest Laboratory of IPB. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was starfruit varieties consisting of two levels, Malaya and Dewi. The second factor was the edible coating consisting of five levels: without edible coating (control); chitosan 1.0% + 0.1% lemongrass oil; chitosan 1.0% + 0.2% lemongrass oil; 0.1% lemongrass oil; and 0.2% lemongrass oil. Storage was conducted at a low temperature of 15 °C. The results showed that Malaya and Dewi starfruit varieties treated with edible coating chitosan 1.0% + 0.1% lemongrass oil and control stored at 15 °C could maintain the taste and appearance of starfruit for up to 10 days after treatment. Keywords: anthocyanin, carotenoid, fruit quality, postharvest
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Pematahan Dormansi Benih Selada menggunakan Konsentrasi Benzyladenine dan Penyinaran yang Berbeda
Secondary dormancy in lettuce seeds which is triggered by high temperatures and darkness is caused low germination in nurseries. This issue must be solved to obtain high-quality seeds. The experimental design used factorial randomized complete block design, i.e., 6-benzyladenine concentration (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mM) and radiation treatment (light, dark, red light 1, 2, 3 hours) with 3 replicates. The lettuce varieties used Grand Rapids (GR) and Ava Red (AR). The parameters observed were the percentage of seed germination (SG), seed vigor index (SVI), seed growth rate (SGR), and fresh seed that did not grow (FSdnG). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, the treatment which showed significant effect further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test at α = 5%. The result showed that GR seed without BA soaking resulted in higher SG (39.20%), SVI (26.13%), SGR (12.04%), also lower FSdnG (6.13%). The highest percentage of SVI in GR seed was reported on light treatment (26.93%). Radiation of red light for 1 hour without seed soaking in BA produced higher SG (76%) and SGR (29.98%) in Ava Red. The highest percentage of SVI in Ava Red was obtained from seeds without soaking in BA (53.33%) and germinated in light conditions (34.93%). Keywords: BAP, photodormancy, red light, skotodormancy
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Larutan Pulsing dengan Penambahan Gula dan Asam Salisilat Mempertahankan kesegaran dan Kualitas Bunga Matahari Potong
Sunflower is an important ornamental plant based on economics. The cut sunflowers require proper postharvest handling to maintain quality and extend the freshness of flowers during marketing and transportation. One technology that can overcome this problem is applying a pulsing solution. This study aimed to determine the best pulsing solution to maintain cut sunflowers' freshness and quality. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD). The pulsing solution consisted of a mixture of distilled water, sugar, salicylic acid, and sodium hypochlorite (5.25%). The observation parameters included: flower diameter (outside and inside), number of withered flower petals, number of flower petals with spots, number of fresh flower petals, and measuring the decrease in the volume of distilled water from each bottle. The observations were made at the beginning before and every two days after the storage period. The results showed that the pulsing solution treatment containing distilled water + 3% sugar + sodium hypochlorite 0.25% + 75 ppm salicylic acid tends to be more effective in water absorption so that it can maintain the freshness and quality of cut sunflowers for up to 6 days after harvesting. Keywords: cut flowers, pulsing solution, sunflower
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) pada Berbagai Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk NPKMg
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a strategic commodity in Indonesia. The needs of shallots increase continuously, so production should be increased. Factors determining production include planting space and fertilization. This research aims to determine the appropriate planting space and NPKMg fertilizer dose for shallot plants. The experiment was arranged factorially in a Randomized Complete Group Design with three replications using the SS-Sakato variety. The first factor is planting space, namely 10 cm x 10 cm, 10 cm x 15 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm, and 15 cm x 20 cm. The second factor is the dose of NPKMg fertilizer (10:12:17:2), namely 200, 400, 600, and 800 kg ha-1. Planting space of 10 cm x 15 cm produces higher leaf area, number of tubers and fresh weight per hill, tile yield, and productivity compared to planting space of 10 cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm, and 15 cm x 20 cm. The highest transpiration rate was also produced from 10 cm x 15 cm for all NPKMg fertilizer doses (10:12:17:2), except 400 kg ha-1. Increasing the fertilizer dose of 200 - 800 kg of NPKMg (10:12:17:2) did not increase tuber growth and yield because the N content is low (20 - 80 kg ha-1), so additional single N source fertilizer is needed. Keywords: tuber weight, number of tubers, NPKMg, SS-Sakato
Karakter Fenotipe Generasi F1 Hasil Persilangan Hemerocallis spp (Daylily)
Hemerocallis spp is a perennial plant that forms clumps and is commonly used as a landscape and potted plant. This plant belongs to the Liliaceae family and has a perfect flower. This research aimed to examine the morphological diversity of F1 from the Hemerocallis crossing. This research was conducted from August 2020 to October 2021 in Cipanas District at the elevation of 1100 m asl. Seven F1 progenies from a crossing of “After the Fall” (AF) and “Happy Return” (HR) were used as the plant materials, namely 20.008, 20.012, 20.018, 20.019, 20.021, 20.022, and 20.024. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed in this experiment. The results showed that there were quantitative and qualitative variations in morphological characters in each progeny. Flower diameter, petal length, sepal length, number of florets, number of leaves, and leaf length showed similar characteristics to those of the male parent (HR). Stamen length, petal width and leaf width showed the combined characters of the two parents. Flower color characters were similar to the female parent (AF), while the flower shape, namely circular, triangular, recurved and ruffled follows the combined characteristics of the two parents. Keywords: Liliaceae family, morphological characters, progeny
Respons Pertumbuhan Biji Anggrek Dendrobium Edfrans Charming x Dendrobium Deni Erianto terhadap Penambahan Air Rebusan Kentang pada Media Vacin and Went (VW) secara In Vitro
Dendrobium is the most popular orchid genus for orchid enthusiast and also plays an important role in producing hybrid orchids. Hybrid orchids are crossbred orchids to combine good characteristics in one plant so as to obtain orchid species with certain styles and colors along with the desired superior traits. In vitro culture method is one of the effective ways to propagate orchids. In vitro plant tissue growth rate can be increased by adding complex organic substances such as potato boiled water. This study aims to determine the growth response of Dendrobium Edfrans Charming x Dendrobium Deni Erianto orchid seeds to the addition of potato boiled water on Vacin and Went (VW) media in vitro, and determine the best concentration for growth. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatment levels of potato cooking water (0, 50, 100, 150, 200) mL on Vacin and Went media. The results of this study showed that the average percentage of live orchid explants Dendrobium Edfrans Charming x Dendrobium Deni Erianto was 100%. Based on the observation during 60 HST, there were 6 phases of seed growth. The addition of potato cooking water with a concentration of 200 mL on VW media gives the best results which are characterized by the fastest protocorm emergence time at 20.80 DAP and all protocorm growth phases occurred fastest compared to other treatments. Keywords: coconut water, Orchidaceae, PLBs, shoots, species