Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI)

Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa dan Tinggi Bedengan terhadap Lingkungan Mikro Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

2025-04-26T00:43:46+07:00

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an agricultural commodity with high economic value that cannot tolerate drought because of their short roots. Still, it cannot tolerate being in a place that is flooded with water. Efforts to manipulate the environment of shallot plants can be done by providing mulch and adjusting the height of the beds to improve soil air conditioning, as well as optimizing soil temperature and moisture. The research aims to obtain the best type of mulch and bed height that can increase the growth and yield of shallots. The study was carried out in January-April 2023 in Menggare Village, Slahung, Ponorogo, East Java. The research used RBD with 9 combination treatments of mulch and bed height (without mulch, straw, and silver black plastic mulch with bed heights of 30, 40, and 50 cm) and was repeated 3 times. Straw mulch and silver black plastic mulch can reduce soil temperature to a depth of 10 cm by 1.5-3.0 ^oC and 1.84 ^oC. Treatment of silver black plastic mulch 40 cm and 50 cm and 50 cm of straw mulch increased tuber production by 29.9, 34.6, and 31.9% compared to without mulch, 30 cm, which produces tubers 9.28 ton ha^-1.

Keywords: microclimate, silver black plastic mulch, shallot, soil temperature

Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Mulsa Polyethylene terhadap Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di Lahan Kering

2025-04-26T00:43:51+07:00

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an important commodity in Indonesia’s economy, but their growth in dry land areas is often hindered by water limitations and suboptimal environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of plastic mulch on the growth and yield of shallots in dry land using a drip irrigation system. The experiment was conducted at the Cikarawang Experimental Field, IPB University, from September to December 2022, using a non-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with plastic mulch and no mulch treatments. The use of plastic mulch tended to reduce plant growth. However, plastic mulch was effective in reducing tuber weight loss, which could potentially increase farmers' income. These findings provide valuable insights for developing sustainable shallot cultivation techniques in dry land areas.

Keywords: drip irrigation, dry land, plastic mulch, shallot production, weight loss

Karakter Fisikokimia Buah Melon Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. Cantaloupe) yang Dipanen Awal

2025-04-26T00:43:48+07:00

Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L var. Cantaloupe) is a climacteric fruit that shows rapid physical and morphological changes after the fruit is harvested. The shelf life of the fruit can be extended by harvesting early after the fruit has reached the physiological ripeness stage. This study aimed to assess the effect of early harvesting time on the quality of cantaloupe fruit during storage. The experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Tropical Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University (PKHT, IPB) Farm Tajur, Bogor, and postharvest ripening test was conducted at Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. Parameters observed included respiration rate, ethylene production, changes in skin wrinkling, soluble sugar concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C content. The result showed that cantaloupe harvested early at 32 days after anthesis has peak respiration at 7 days after harvest, peak ethylene production 9 days after harvest, shrivel incidence of the fruit skin at 18 days after harvest, highest PTT content (6.99 ^oBrix), ATT (0.02 mL g^-1), PTT/ATT ratio (493.75), and vitamin C content (20.65 mg (100 g)^-1.

Keywords: climacteric fruit, postharvest quality, shelf life, ethylene production

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleorotus ostreatus) pada Variasi Media Tumbuh yang Diperkaya Limbah Organik

2025-04-26T00:43:41+07:00

White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) have high economic value due to their nutritional content and the increasing market demand. However, optimizing an effective and environmentally friendly growing medium remains a challenge. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in growing media enriched with organic waste from coffee husks, sugarcane bagasse, and cocoa husks on the growth and yield of oyster mushrooms. The research was conducted from May to September 2023 at Bee Jamur, Peguyangan Village, Bali. The method used was a split-plot design. The first factor, as the main plot, consisted of three types of organic waste: coffee husks (L1), cocoa husks (L2), and sugarcane bagasse (L3). The second factor, as the subplot, comprised eight organic waste compositions: K1 = 100% sawdust (control); K2 = 15% organic waste (LO); K3 = 25% LO; K4 = 35% LO; K5 = 45% LO; K6 = 55% LO; K7 = 65% LO; K8 = 75% LO. The results showed that using organic waste as an additive in the growing medium increased mycelium growth speed, wet weight, and the physical characteristics of the oyster mushrooms compared to the control. The medium with the addition of coffee husks yielded the best results in terms of growth and mushroom production. Furthermore, organoleptic tests showed that mushrooms grown using sugarcane bagasse media were the most preferred in aroma, texture, and taste.

Keywords: baglog, mushroom, coffee husks, cocoa husks, sugarcane bagasse

Aktivitas Fisiologis Cincau Hijau Perdu (Premna oblongifolia) pada Pemberian Mikoriza dan Biochar Serat Aren

2025-04-26T08:47:07+07:00

Green grass jelly shrub is a plant that has various benefits, so market demand for this plant continues to increase every year. On the other hand, the production of green grass jelly shrub has decreased so the market demand for this plant cannot be met. This study aims to determine the interaction between the dose of mycorrhiza and palm fiber biochar composition on the physiological activity of green grass jelly shrubs. Research with experimental methods was conducted in Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, June-October 2023. The method used was a two-factor randomized complete block design

(RCBD) and 3 replicates. The first factor was the dose of mycorrhizal fertilizer (0, 5, 10, and 15 g plant^-1) and the composition of planting media [soil (control), soil:palm fiber biochar (1:1), soil:palm fiber biochar (1:2), and soil:palm fiber biochar (2:1)]. Data experiments were analyzed using analysis of variance at the 5% error level and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% error level. The results showed that the dose of mycorrhiza 15 g plant^-1 gave better results on plant height, weight of dry, number of stomata, and width of stomatal openings. Treatment of the composition planting media soil: palm fiber biochar

with a ratio of 2:1 gave better results on stomatal opening width.

Keywords: Phosphate, pectin, stomatal, transpiration, Verbenaceae

Studi Perkecambahan Benih Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Asal Indonesia

2025-04-26T00:43:39+07:00

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) originates from the Peruvian Amazon forest and can be processed into sacha inchi oil, which has a positive impact on human health. This study aims to determine the percentage of germination, germination speed, and seedling morphology in the germination of sacha inchi seeds. The study was conducted in the experimental field and Plant Breeding and Seed Technology Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, from July 1 to November 12, 2024. The study consisted of a tetrazolium test and a germination test with sand media. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design with two factors in the form of seed accession (Bogor, Cimahi, and Lampung) and germination period, with three replications (July 1, August 22, and October 5, 2024). The results showed non-viable seeds based on the Tetrazolium test on each accession: Bogor: 6%; Cimahi: 10%; and Lampung: 83.3%. The percentage of germination and germination speed of sacha inchi seeds on average in 3 periods was 7.56% and 0.35% etmal^-1, found in Cimahi accessions. The rate of germination and germination speed of Cimahi accessions could be higher by 12% and 0.75% etmal^-1 in the first period. The type of sacha inchi germination is the epigeal type: a sprout that lifts the cotyledons. The cotyledons are light green, then lifted and leave their seed coats.

Keywords: accession, epigeal, germination percentage, germination speed, tetrazolium test

Seed Diversity Five Species of Chili (Capsicum spp.) Based on Morphological Characters and Seed Viability

2025-04-26T00:43:33+07:00

Chili seeds have a lot of diversity and are a cultivation success. Identification of chili seed diversity and seed viability testing is needed as one step in assembling varieties and providing quality seeds. The objective of this study was to obtain information on seed shape, beak protrusion, 1000-seed weight, and seed viability. The study was conducted on 63 chili genotypes from 5 species (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens) in February-July 2023 at the IPB Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Observations include the morphological and physiological properties of chili seeds. Chili seeds are generally yellowish white with a beak protrusion, except C. pubescens (black color, no beak protrusion), kidney-shaped seeds (C. annuum), oval (C. baccatum), teardrops (C. frutescens), D-shaped (C. pubescens), circular with a fish mouth (C. chinense). The chili species observed had various sizes of 1000-seed weight (light (<3.90 g), medium (3.90-5.68 g), and heavy (>5.68 g). Genetic diversity of germination, maximum growth potential, vigor index, growth rate, and growth simultaneity were categorized broadly, while normal dry weight of sprouts, growth rate, and 1,000 seed weight were categorized narrowly. Seed size did not affect the percentage of seed germination. The C.pubescens species had different seed characteristics from other Capsicum species, while the C.annuum species had similarities with C.frutescens, C.chinense, and C.baccatum.

Keywords: chili, diversity, morphology, seeds, species

Potensi Ekstrak Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dan Tanaman Mimosa pudica L. sebagai Edible Coating untuk Memperpanjang Masa Simpan pada Buah Apel

2025-04-26T00:43:29+07:00

The apple industry in Indonesia, particularly in East Java Province, faces significant challenges related to fruit spoilage, which can result in substantial economic losses. One potential solution to address this issue is the application of natural-based edible coatings. This study aims to examine the effects of combining torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract and mimosa (Mimosa pudica) plant extract as the main ingredients in edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of apples. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with four treatments: no coating (P0), coating with 2% extract (P1), 4% extract (P2), and 6% extract (P3). The results revealed that the combination of these extracts contained antimicrobial compounds such as dodecanal, octane, 1,1-diethoxy-, squalene, and methyl stearate, which effectively inhibited spoilage. The P3 treatment (6% extract) proved the most effective in maintaining apple quality, as indicated by stable weight, firmness, and sustained sugar and vitamin C content during storage.

Keywords: post-harvest, storage capacity, secondary metabolites