Uji Keunggulan Genotipe Bunga Matahari Hasil Pemuliaan Tanaman IPB dalam Rangka Pelepasan Varietas

Abstract

The availability of superior variety of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is still very low in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the superior characters of two genotypes of sunflowers from breeding and to observe their quantitative and qualitative characters. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a single factor, the plant genotype, which consisted of two genotypes tested, the Kanigara genotype and Helina genotype, and two comparison genotypes, the IPB BM1 genotype and the Texas Lemon genotype. The results of the analysis of variance of the four sunflower genotypes showed that the genotype had a very significant effect on all quantitative characters except the diameter of disk florets in secondary flowers and seed length. The Helina genotype is the best genotype in this study with several advantages, namely having a significantly faster flowering age and harvesting age, having significantly higher number of flowers on the branch than the comparison genotype IPB BM1, and having significantly higher number of ray florets than the two comparison genotypes. The Helina genotype has typical characteristics namely yellow ray florets and black seeds without stripes. Another test genotype, the Kanigara genotype, has significantly higher weight of 100 seeds than the comparison genotype and has brown seed with stripes.

Keywords: Helianthus annuus L., qualitative character, quantitative character, superior variety