Evaluasi Keragaman Genetik Mutan Harapan Generasi MV1 Jeruk Keprok SoE (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi dan ISSR
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mandarin’s SoE is national variety originated from Mount of Mutis, Sub District of SoE, of Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS) District, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The genetic diversity of citrus can be induced by gamma ray irradiation on embryogenic callus cells thus producing new mutants. Genetic diversity detection can be based on morphological and ISSR markers. The aim of this research was to obtain information on the genetic diversity on putative mutants mandarin SoE induced by gamma ray irradiation based on morphology and markers ISSR. ISSR markers used are ISSR 1, 4, 6 and 8. Analysis of morphological diversity produced a dendrogram with the level of similarity between individuals each irradiation dose 83-95% with 5-17% genetic distance. Dendrogram analysis based on the genetic diversity ISSR markers showed high levels of 51-100% similarity and genetic distance 0-49%. Individuals samples obtained from gamma irradiation, based both morphological and ISSR markers, was different from individual's genetic make up before irradiation.
Keywords: cluster, gamma ray, genetic distance, genetic diversitys, similarity
ABSTRAK
Jeruk keprok SoE adalah jeruk varietas unggul nasional yang berasal dari Pegunungan Mutis, Kecamatan SoE, Kabupaten Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS), Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Keragaman genetik jeruk ini dapat diinduksi dengan iradiasi sinar gamma pada sel-sel kalus embriogenik untuk menghasilkan mutan yang solid. Deteksi keragaman genetik yang terbentuk dapat dilakukan secara morfologi maupun molekuler dengan marka ISSR. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai keragaman genetik yang terjadi pada mutan harapan jeruk keprok SoE hasil iradiasi sinar gamma berdasarkan morfologi dan marka ISSR. Marka ISSR yang digunakan adalah ISSR 1, 4, 6 dan 8 pada beberapa mutan harapan jeruk keprok SoE. Analisis keragaman secara morfologi menghasilkan dendrogram dengan tingkat kemiripan antar individu masing-masing dosis iradiasi 83-95% dengan jarak genetik 5-17%. Dendrogram analisis keragaman genetik berdasar marka ISSR memperlihatkan tingkat kemiripan 51-100% dan jarak genetik 0-49%. Individu-individu sampel yang diuji hasil iradiasi gamma, baik secara morfologi dan marka ISSR, telah memiliki susunan genetik yang berbeda dari susunan genetik individu sebelum diiradiasi.
Kata kunci: grup, jarak genetik, kemiripan, keragaman, sinar gamma
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