Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Changes in Nutritional Status and Physical Activities of School-Age Children: A Scoping Review

2022-11-30T19:52:19+07:00

This study's objective is to review the consequence of the COVID-19 epidemic on physical activities, sedentary lifestyles, screen time, and changes in the nutritional status of school-age children. The outcomes of this study are intended to be applicable to obesity management in children. This study reviewed full-text articles and open-access publications on the sedentary lifestyle of children during the pandemic. and the data were analyzed using cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional designs. The results of reviewing 17 articles show that school-age children’s physical activities and nutritional status have decreased, but their sedentary lifestyle and screen time have increased due to social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children’s decreased physical activities are caused by the absence of a comparable replacement mechanism as that before the pandemic. Meanwhile, the increasingly sedentary lifestyle highly influences children’s physical and mental health. Screen time has also increased and is unavoidable during the pandemic because children’s activities were limited and their learning systems are switched to online learning; as a result, their supporting sedentary lifestyle increases while physical activities decrease. These factors have changed the nutritional status of children during the pandemic. These results support the idea that the pandemic will impact the health of school-age children, especially their nutritional status. This review concludes that it is important to establish policies that prevent children’s further health effects, such as obesity, caused by COVID-19.

Students' Nutrition Knowledge and Teachers' Perceptions of Integrating Nutrition Messages into Junior High School Curriculum

2022-11-30T19:52:19+07:00

This study aimed to measure nutritional knowledge and observe teachers' perceptions of delivering nutrition messages through an e-module within the junior high school curriculum. This study was conducted at SMPN 35 Medan and employed the quasi-experimental approach, and a one-group pretest-posttest design was used. This study’s population was students in grades 7 and 8. The minimum sample size was 102 students after adding 10% of the total sample size. Teachers' perceptions were taken from four subject teachers. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey and an interview. A focus group discussion was conducted with the teachers to gather information about their perceptions of using an e-module to deliver nutrition messages at school. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the student's average total knowledge score before receiving the nutrition education intervention was 22.66. It increased to 26.48 after students received the intervention. Teachers used the e-module to deliver content learning about nutritional messages in schools and employed the e-module to deliver the relevant subject matters of nutrition messages at school. The teachers realized the importance of delivering nutrition messages to the students. The e-module could broaden the teachers’ horizons as they came to realize that nutrition messages could be delivered through various subjects. They initially believed that nutrition messages could only be taught in the subject of natural sciences. However, they discovered that nutrition messages could also be delivered in other subjects, such as mathematics, crafts, and physical education.

Consumer Fruit Preferences: The Role of Nutrition Knowledge in Fruit Purchase and Consumption

2022-11-30T19:52:20+07:00

This study aims at ascertaining consumer fruit preferences and role of nutrition knowledge in consumers’ attitudes and practice as it concerns fruit consumption. An online questionnaire was used for this cross-sectional survey carried out in South Africa. The questionnaire link was circulated in the nine provinces for 4weeks; information gathered include sociodemographic data, respondents’ nutrition knowledge, and consumer fruit preferences alongside their fruit consumption patterns. Based on their responses, Nutrition Knowledge Scores (NKS) were calculated. Pearson correlation test was used to check for any relationship between the NKS, some sociodemographic factors and fruit preferences/consumption (significance was accepted at p<0.05). Three provinces; Gauteng, North West and KwaZulu-Natal accounted for over 70% of the 517 responses received. Almost half of the surveyed population had high NKS (45.5%) while 27.3% scored moderately and another 27.3% low. The most preferred fruits were oranges, bananas, and mangoes; others such as plums and berries were also preferred but not as consumed as the others due to their seasonal nature. The results show a positive relationship (p<0.001) between nutrition knowledge and fruit consumption frequency and healthy dietary patterns, but only significant but weak correlation between respondents’ nutrition knowledge and priority factors that affect their dietary product choices and purchases. Nutrition education is vital in enhancing awareness that will in turn yield positive results in fruit consumption and health outcomes.

Alternative Dietary Fiber Sources from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seeds and Their by-Products

2022-11-30T19:52:20+07:00

This study evaluates the macronutrients and Dietary Fiber (DF) of kenaf seeds and their secondary by-products to promote food sustainability and support the zero-waste concept. The first part concentrates on macronutrients and potential DF sources of kenaf seeds and their by-products, i.e., kenaf seed meals and dregs. Following this, the DF from the most probable source was fractionated to quantify its composition. The results showed that the macronutrients of kenaf seeds are comparable to other commercial oilseeds such as soybean, almond, and hemp seeds. Additionally, the secondary by-products could be reused as DF sources. It was found that the kenaf seed by-products had 20.63–35.08% DF contents which were comparable to soybean by-products. Moreover, the fractionation of DF from kenaf seed dregs showed that the DF comprised 1.86%, 1.01%, 6.33%, and 66.33% (dry basis) of acid-soluble pectin, calcium-bound pectin, alkali-soluble hemicellulose, and cellulose, respectively. The soluble (pectins and hemicelluloses) and insoluble (cellulose) fractions are related to the modulation of gut microbiota which have similar potential to conventional prebiotics and an excellent role in bodyweight management, respectively. These findings provide useful information for researchers and industries to venture into alternative DF sources from kenaf seeds as a value-add ingredient for functional food applications.

Identifying the Characteristics of Pregnant Women with Inflammation/Infection in Indonesia

2022-11-30T19:52:21+07:00

Infection in pregnant women is common and one of the highest causes of death in Indonesia. Reducing infection conditions through early infection prevention needs to be done, one of which is by knowing the characteristics that contribute to the incidence of infection in pregnant women in Indonesia. This study used the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method to determine the pregnant women with infections and not infections characteristics and classify them. The results of the CART analysis found that seven variables contributed to separating infected and not-infected status in pregnant women, they are nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI), history of anemia, pregnancy distance, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) status, ages, socioeconomic and gestational age. Characteristics of the highest incidence of infection, namely 79%, occurred in the group of pregnant women with overweight – obese (BMI>25.0), anemia and pregnancy distance <3 years. The classification analysis of the CART method in this study resulted in the accuracy of identification performance which was still not good, with an accuracy value of 52.78%. It is necessary analysis with other classification methods such as the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) in the future.

Food Consumption in Relation to Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged Adults (45−59 years): A Cross-Sectional National Data Analysis

2022-11-30T19:52:22+07:00

The study aimed to investigate the association between food consumption with hyperglycemia among middle-aged adults in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey (IBHS). A total of 8,477 subjects met the inclusion criteria and included in this study. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) was analyzed in the laboratory using an enzymatic analysis. The fasting blood glucose was categorized as hyperglycemia (≥126 mg/dl) and normal (<126 mg/dl). A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the food intake. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association of food consumption and hyperglycemia. Our results found that the prevalence of hyperglycemia in this population was 43%. The mean FBG was 104.68±31.99 mg/dL for male and 110.75±43.92 mg/dl for female subjects. Frequent consumption of sweet desserts (OR=1.265; CI=1.132, 1.413), Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB) (OR=1.433; 95% CI:1.263−1.626), salty foods (OR=1.189; 95% CI=1.079−1.311), fried foods (OR=1.172; 95% CI=1.033−1.331), and instant foods (OR=1.186; 95 % CI=1.088−1.293) were significantly associated with increased odds of hyperglycemia. There was a significant association between food consumption and hyperglycemia among middle-aged adults in Indonesia.

Health Literacy: How is it Related to Body Mass Index of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus?

2022-11-30T19:52:22+07:00

This study aimed to assess the level of health literacy and determines the association between health literacy and BMI among T2DM patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 patients with T2DM. Health literacy was measured using the Malay version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire 16 (HLS–EU–Q16).Information about sociodemographic, weight, height, and body mass index were obtained. The majority of the participants had sufficient health literacy (60.4%), whereas the mean BMI of patients was 28.59 kg/m2. A significant association was found between BMI with health literacy levels. The median BMI value of the sufficient health literacy group was significantly higher, 28.38( 6.02) than the problematic health literacy group, 25.38 (7.52) using Kruskal Wallis test. This indicates that health literacy may be a predictor of BMI. Or maybe, the other way around is true, increased BMI may result in increased awareness on health. Still, other stronger determinants besides health literacy such as income and dietary intake which were not included in this study might influence the BMI of T2DM patients.