Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia

Direct Electric System untuk Mengeliminasi Nematoda Radopholus similis pada Medium Tanam Dracaena reflexa

Rizkhi Indahsari — 2024-09-27

Direct Electric System to Eliminate Radopholus similis Nematodes in Planting Medium for Dracaena reflexa

The Song of India plant (Dracaena reflexa) is an export commodity from Indonesia with destination to Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Singapore, and Europe. The discovery of the root burrowing nematode Radopholus similis in the cocopeat planting medium leds to the issuance of a Notification of Non-Compliance (NNC) by the destination country. This research aimed to utilize the Direct Electric System (DES) technique to eliminate the R. similis nematode. The laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using DES at various voltages, electrode distances, and exposure times in soil and cocopeat medium on R. similis mortality. The greenhouse experiments determined the impact of DES on R. similis mortality and D. reflexa plant growth. The research showed that mortality of the nematode in soil and cocopeat reached 83.46% and 86.17%, respectively by applying voltage of 1500 V, and electrode distances of 1 and 2 cm for 15 minutes. DES treatment at a voltage of 1500 V for 15 minutes on cocopeat medium did not reduce the growth of D. reflexa in the greenhouse.

Keberadaan Nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi pada Benih Padi Varietas Lokal di Kabupaten Samosir, Sumatera Utara

Della Sitanggang — 2024-12-09

The Presence of the Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi on Seeds of Local Rice Varieties in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra

Aphelenchoides besseyi is one of the important nematode parasites in rice plants. This research aims to determine the presence of A. besseyi in seeds of local rice varieties from three sub-districts in Samosir Regency, namely Pangururan, Sianjur Mula-Mula, and Palipi. Nematodes were extracted from 400 rice seeds of each variety using a modified Baermann funnel method. Rice seeds were cut at the hilum, soaked in water, and incubated in the dark room for 24 hours at 20 °C. Nematodes were identified based on morphological and morphometry characteristics. Morphometry measurements of A. besseyi were carried out on 70 female nematodes and 10 male nematodes. The nematode A. besseyi were found in the ‘Si Serang’, ‘Saratus Ari’, ‘Si Pining’, and ‘Si Bandung’ varieties with populations of 5 to 13 individuals per 10 g or 400 grains of rice seeds. The nematode A. besseyi was successfully identified based on morphological characteristics including a slender body, set-off lips, thin stylet, large median bulbus, and star-shaped mucro at the tip of the tail. Male nematodes have curved tail tips with spicules shaped like rose thorns. The body size of the A. besseyi from the local rice variety Samosir is smaller than similar nematodes size reported previously.

Bakteri PGPR Rizosfer Bambu Sebagai Agens Biokontrol Penyakit Moler

Herni Susanti — 2025-02-26

The PGPR Bacteria from Bamboo Rhizosphere as a Biocontrol Agent for Moler Disease

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are often used as biological agents, either against F. oxysporum or other pathogens. PGPR from bamboo roots have the potential to be used to control Moler disease in shallots. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of PGPR from bamboo roots as an antagonist against F. oxysporum. Samples were collected from the rhizosphere of bamboo in different locations in West Kalimantan and isolated using the plating method on nutrient agar. The isolates obtained were tested in vitro as antagonists against F. oxysporum. The results of the test revealed 30 isolates, 19 of which showed inhibition against F. oxysporum. Seven isolates namely isolates PY.01, ST.02, PY.03, S2.05, PR.01, PR.02 and ST.03 were found to produce HCN gas and inhibit F. oxysporum by more than 50%. These isolates were also able to reduce conidia production. Antagonism was also evaluated by the production of metabolites. The antifungal tests of the metabolites of 12 isolates dissolved in the supernatant showed antifungal properties and were able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. The secondary metabolites of isolate PR.01 had the highest inhibition index of 73.08. Isolates ST.02, PR.02 and S2.05 were superior in inhibiting F. oxysporum and produced HCN gas and metabolites.