Abstract
Exports are an important component of the economy. The higher export performance, the greater positive impact on the economy. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia's exports continue to decline, so Indonesia needs to boost its exports again. One of the potential commodities developed is cloves. This study analyzes the development of Indonesian clove exports by finding out the competitiveness of cloves, as well as factors affecting its exports. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The results of the analysis found that an optimistic market developed is Pakistan, Germany, Italy and United State of America. Potential markets to be developed are Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, France and Netherlands markets. Factors affecting Indonesian clove exports are GDP per capita, export price, economic distance and tariff.
Keywords: Clove, EPD, Export, Gravity Model, RCA
JEL Classification: C23, F10, F13
References
Batiz FLR, Batiz LAR. 1994. International Finance and Open Economy Macroeconomics 2nd Edition. New York (USA): Macmillan Publishing Company.
Basri F, Munandar H. 2010. Dasar-dasar Ekonomi Internasional: Pengenalan dan Aplikasi Metode Kuantitatif. Jakarta (ID) : Kencana.
[BI] Bank Indonesia. 2016. Produk Domestik Bruto. [internet]. [diunduh 2017 Januari 29]. Tersedia pada:http://www.bi.go.id/id/statistik/ metadata/seki/ Documents/14.%20PDBProduk%20 Domestik%20Bruto%20(IND)%202 016.pdf.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2017. Nilai Ekspor Impor Indonesia (USD). [Internet]. [diunduh 2017 April 14]. Tersedia pada: https://www.bps.go.id/.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2017. Ekspor Indonesia ke 6 Negara Utama. [Internet]. [diunduh 2017 April 14]. Tersedia pada: https://www.bps.go.id/.
Elshehawy MA, Hongfang S, Rania AA. 2014. The factors affecting egypt’s exports: evidence from gravity model analysis. Open Journal of Social Sciences. 1(2):138-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.2 11020.
Estherhuizen, D. 2006. An Evaluation of The Competitiveness of the South African Agribusiness Sector. [Dissertation]. Pretoria (ZAF): University of Pretoria.
Head K. 2003. Gravity for Beginners. Canada (CAN) : University of British Columbia.
Hermawan, Iwan. 2015. Daya saing rempah indonesia di pasar asean periode pra dan pasca krisis ekonomi global. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan. 9(2):153-178.
Inayah I, Rina O, Heny KD. 2015. The analysis of export determinant of indonesian pepper in the international market. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 5(11):1856-1860. doi:10.21275/ART20163261.
Irgandhini AK, Firdaus M. Daya Saing Dan Permintaan Ekspor Produk Biofarmaka Indonesia di Negara Tujuan Utama Periode 2003-2012. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis. 11(3): 183-198.
[Kementan] Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. 2014 Outlook Komoditi Cengkeh. [internet]. [diunduh 2018 Februari 18]. Tersedia pada: pusdatin.setjen.pertanian.go.id/
Kis-Katos K, Sparrow R. 2015. Poverty, labour markets and trade liberalization in Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics. 3878(15).1-45.
Krugman PR, Obstfeld M. 2003. International Economics Theory and Policy. New York (USA) : Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Mankiw N G. 2000. Teori Makroekonomi. Jakarta (ID): Erlangga.
Porter, ME. 1994. Keunggulan Bersaing. Jakarta (ID): Binarupa Aksara.
Tambunan, Tulus. 2001. Perdagangan Internasional dan Neraca Pembayaran-Teori dan Temuan Empiris. Jakarta (ID): PT Pustaka LP3ES Indonesia.
Tarman, Dewi K, Hari W, Umar F, Naufa M, Bambang SW. 2011. Kajian Kebijakan Pengembangan Diversifikasi Pasar dan Produk Ekspor. Laporan Akhir Kajian Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. [Internet] [diunduh 2017 Maret 26]. Tersedia pada: www.kemendag.go.id/files/pdf/2014 /01/06/ Full-Report-KajianDiversifikasi.pdf.
Telaumbanua E. 2012. Analisis determinan ekspor Provinsi Sumatera Utara: Pendekatan Gravity Model. Quantitative Economics Journal. 2(2): 35–52.
[UN -Comtrade] United Nations Commodity Trade. 2017 Statistics Database. [Internet]. [diunduh 2017 April 14]. Tersedia pada: https://comtrade.un.org/data
Yuniarti D. 2007. Analisis determinan perdagangan bilateral indonesia pendekatan gravity model. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Kajian Ekonomi Negara Berkembangs. 12 (2):99 -109.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors who publis article(s) in Jurnal Ekonomi and Kebijakan Pembangunan have to understand and agree that the copyright of article published is owned by Jurnal ekonomi and Kebijakan pembangunan including to reproduce, distribute and sell this journal to public.