PENGARUH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DAN AFTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTORAL DI ASEAN 5

Ilhamdi Ilhamdi, Rina Oktaviani, Yeti Lis Purnamadewi

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ‎and ‎ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) on sectoral employment in ASEAN ‎‎5. The analysis ‎focused on five main sectors, namely agriculture, mining, ‎manufacturing, ‎construction and service sectors. This paper uses panel data ‎approach with Fixed Effect Model. Variable used include employment as an ‎edogenous variable, while GDP, wages and AFTA as exogenous variables. Cross section data that are used in this study consist of ASEAN 5 countries, ‎namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam with periods of ‎observation as much as 9 years, from  2006 until 2014.‎The result of this paper that FDI, GDP, wages and AFTA have different ‎impacts in each sector. FDI has positive impact on employment in service sector. ‎GDP has positive impact on employment in manufacturing, construction and ‎service sectors. While GDP in the agricultural and mining sectors has negative ‎impact on employment. The wage has a positive impact on employment in the ‎mining and agricultural sectors. ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) that took ‎place in 2010 has a positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and ‎mining sectors.‎Foreign Direct Investment is one factor to overcome employment issues in ‎ASEAN 5, especially in service sector. While GDP becomes an important variable ‎in enhancing ASEAN 5  employment in the manufacturing, construction and ‎services. Increasing wages can be applied on agriculture and mining as it has a ‎positive impact on employment. AFTA that has taken place is proper policy for the ‎ASEAN 5 to encourage economic growth in the mining and manufacturing ‎sectors that have an impact on increasing demand of labor in the sector.

References

Aitken BJ, Harrison AE. (1999). Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Venezuela. American Economic Review, American, Economic Association, Vol. 89(3): 605-618.

Alfaro L. 2003. Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: Does the Sector Matter? Harvard Business School.

Binger BR, Hofman E. 1988. Microeconomics with Calculus. Arizona; Harper Collins Publishers.

[ASEANSTAT] Association of Southeast Asian Nations Statistics. 2016. Foreign Direct Investment. Jakarta (ID). http://www.asean.org. [16 Desember 2015]

[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016. Tabel Dinamis. Jakarta (ID). http://bps.go.id/. [10 Januari 2016]

[BOT] Bank of Thailand. 2016. Key Economic Indicators. Bangkok (TH). https://www.bot.or.th. [25 Maret 2016]

[BSP] Bangko Sentral NG Pilipinas. 2016. Economic and Financial Statistics. Quezon City (PH). 151 | Edisi Desember 2015 http://www.bsp.gov.ph. [7 Februari 2016]

[GSO] General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 2016. Statistical Data. Ha Noi (VN). https://www.gso.gov.vn. [11 April 2016]

Greenaway D., Hine R., Wright P. 1999. An empirical assessment of the impact of trade on employment in the United Kingdom. European Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 15: 485- 500.

Holland D, Benacek V, Gronicki M. 2000. The Determinants and Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of United Nations. Vol.9: 163-212.

Hunya G, Geishecker I. 2005. Employment Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe. WIIW Research Report Vienna.

[ILOSTAT] ILO Database of Labor Statistics. 2016. Statistics and Database Browse by Country.Geneva (CH). http://www.ilo.org. [24 Oktorber 2015]

Jenkins R. (2006).”Globalization, FDI and employment in Vietnam”. Transnational Corporations. Vol. 15(1): 115-142.

Jude C, Silaghi MP. 2015. Employment effects of foreign direct investment. New evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries. International Economics CEPII Journal.

Konings J. 2004. The Employment Effect of Foreign Direct Investment. EIB Papers. Vol. 9(1): 87-108.

[LABORSTA] LABORSTA Internet. Statistics by Topic. Geneva (CH). http://laborsta.ilo.org. [24 Oktober 2015]

[MYSIDC] Malaysia Department of Statistics. 2016. Malaysia Informative Data Centre. Putrajaya (MY). http://mysidc.statistics.gov. [7 Februari 2016]

Mencinger J. 2002. Does foreign direct investment always enhance economic growth? Kyclos 56 no.4.

Onaran O. 2007. Jobless Growth in the Central and East European Countries: A Country-Specific Panel Data Analysis of the Manufacturing Industry. Department of Economics Working Paper Series.(103).

[PSA] Philippine Statistics Authority. CountrySTAT Philippines. Quezon City (PH). http://psa.gov.ph/. [ 7 Februari 2016]

Radosevic S, Urmas V, Tomas M. 2003. Foreign direct investment and its effects on employment in Central Europe. Transnational Corporations. 12(1).

Rama M. 2003. Globalization and Workers in Developing Countries. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. 2958. (Washington, DC. World Bank)

[TAS] The ASEAN Secretariat. 2014. ASEAN Investment Report. Public Outreach and Civil Society Division.

Smith S. 2003. Labor Economics 2 ndEdition. London. Routledge Publishing.

[TNS] Thailand National Statistics Office. 2016. Table Compiled by NSO. Bangkok (TH). http://web.nso.go.th. [25 Maret 2016]

[UNCTAD] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Economic Trends. Geneva (CH). http://unctad.org. [23 Oktober 2015]

[UNCTAD] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Investments. Geneva (CH). http://unctad.org. [23 Oktober 2015]

Waldkirch A. 2008. The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico since NAFTA. Muenchen (DE). Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper. (7975).

[WB] World Bank. 2016. World Development Indicator. Washington DC (US). http://data.worldbank.org. [23 Oktober 2015]

Authors

Ilhamdi Ilhamdi
Rina Oktaviani
Yeti Lis Purnamadewi
jekp@apps.ipb.ac.id (Primary Contact)
IlhamdiI., OktavianiR., & PurnamadewiY. L. (2015). PENGARUH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DAN AFTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTORAL DI ASEAN 5. JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN, 4(2), 140-152. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.4.2.2015.140-152

Article Details