KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY (KBE), KONVERGENSI, DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI : STUDI KASUS DI ASEAN PLUS THREE (PERIODE TAHUN 2001-2014)
Article Sidebar
Abstract
Economic growth and convergence are the major issues in the global economic. Economic integration is a form of cooperation between countries in order to achieve welfare and prosperity. In 1997, ASEAN Plus Three has been established as an economic integration in the field of innovation and ICT. The aims of this study are to analyze the conditional convergence (β) and covergence (σ) and to consider the role of Knowledge-Based Economy on economic growth. This study uses annual data from 2001 to 2014 with a GMM approach. The case study of this research are the members of ASEAN Plus Three. The resultsof conditional convergence (β) estimation showed that the best dynamic panel criteria is not bias, valid dan consistent. The coefficient of conditional convergence (β) with KBE indicators that is 0.9917 has convergence rate of 0.8%. On the convergence (σ), the result showed that in the period 2001 to 2014, there has been a convergence in real GDP per capita that can be seen from the coefficient variation values that tend to be declined.
References
ASEAN. 2007. ASEAN Work Plan 2007- 2017. [internet]. [diunduh 2016 Agustus]. Tersedia pada: http : //www.mofa.go.jp/region/asiapaci /ASEAN/conference /ASEAN3/plan0711.pdf.
Bhaduri A. 2007. Growth, Distribution and Innovation. New York : Routledge..
Chen F, Sun X. 2013. Analysis on the changes of convergence of regional economic growth in China: 1984-2010.
Coates D, Warwick K. 1999. The knowledge driven economy: analysis and background. In The Economics of the Knowledge Driven Economy, Papers presented at a conference jointly organised by the Department of Trade and Industry and the Centre for Economic Policy Research. (27).
Dekiawan H. 2014. Konvergensi Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Pemerintah Provinsi di indonesia: Pendekatan data panel dinamis spasial. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan. 17(1), 99-128.
Firdaus M, Yusop Z. 2009. Dynamic Analysis of Regional Convergence in Indonesia. International journal of economic and management. 3(1) :73-86.
Firdaus M. 2011. Aplikasi Ekonometrika untuk Data Panel. Bogor (ID):Penerbit IPB Press.
Haryati SN, Hidayat. 2014. Analisis Kausalitas antara Ekspor dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di ASEAN Plus Three. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan. 2(6).
Hussin F, Saidin N. 2012. Economic growth in ASEAN-4 countries: a panel data analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance. 4(9): 119.
Ismail NW. 2008. Growth and Convergence in ASEAN: A Dynamic Panel Approach. International journal of economic and management. 2(1) 127-140.
[ITU] International Telecommunications Union. Pengguna internet [internet]. [diunduh 2016 Mei]. Tersedia pada: http://www.itu.int/en/Pages/defaul t. aspx
Karagiannis S. 2007. The KnowledgeBased Economy, Convergence and Economic Growth: Evidence from the European Union. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries. 4(2): 65-85.
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. 2011. Ayo Kita Kenali ASEAN. [internet]. [diunduh 2016 Agustus]
Lall SV, Yilmaz S. 2001. Regional economic convergence: Do policy instruments make a difference?. The annals of regional science. 35(1): 153-166. .
Mehmood B, Azim P. 2013. Does ICT Participate in Economic Convergence among Asian Countries: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Data Model. Journal Informatica Economica. 17(2).
Michelis L, Neaime S. 2004. Income convergence in the Asia-Pacific Region. Journal of economic integration. 19(3):470-498
Powell WW, Snellman K. 2004. The knowledge economy. Annual review of sociology. 199-220.
Stiglitz JE. 1999. Global Public Goods. New York : Oxford University Press, Inc.
Tocan MC. 2012. Knowledge based economy assessment. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology. 2(5).
[WDI] World Development Indicators. Data variabel ekonomi [internet]. [diunduh 2016 Mei]. Tersedia pada: http://worldbank.org/
Wibowo BA. 2012. Peran Perkembangan Industri Keuangan dalam Konvergensi Perekonomian di Negara ASEAN+5 Periode Tahun 2002-2012. [Skripsi]. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[WEF] World Economic Forum. 2011. [internet]. [diunduh 2016 Agustus]. Tersedia pada: https://www.weforum.org/events/ world-economic-forum-annualmeeting-2011/
Young AT, Higgins MJ, Levy D. 2008. Sigma convergence versus beta convergence: Evidence from US county‐level data. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 40(5): 1083-1093.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors who publis article(s) in Jurnal Ekonomi and Kebijakan Pembangunan have to understand and agree that the copyright of article published is owned by Jurnal ekonomi and Kebijakan pembangunan including to reproduce, distribute and sell this journal to public.