Viability of Muzara’ah Contract on Agro-financing in Alleviating Rural Poverty in Kano State, Nigeria
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Jan 28, 2019
Keywords:
muzara’ah, agro-financing, rural poverty
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Abstract
The problems of inadequate sources of financing agriculture and scarcity of credit facilities to rural farmers due to interest rate and lack of collateral or guarantor to secure loans thus, many lands become fallow especially in dry season; this adversely affects the entire yield in the rural areas. Aims to assess the viability of Muzara’ah in providing sources of agro-financing and alleviating rural poverty, the study conducted in Kura LGA Kano State, adopted quantitative survey method, 152 samples out of 250 registered farmers were used as guided by Krejcie & Morgan 1970, using random sampling, questionnaire for data collection and chi-square test for goodness of fit for analysis. The paper finds the viability of muzara’ah in providing sources of agro-financing very significant as it seeks to bridge the gap that exists between the deficit and surplus landowners where the latter offered his surplus land to the former and employ his labor to till the land and share the yield on a pre-agreed ratio. The paper suggests the proper implementation of muzara’ah to cultivate more lands, generate job creation, increase farmers income earning and enhance food security which in turn alleviates rural poverty.
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References
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Ibn al-Qaiyim 691-751 (2000). Mausu’at al-a’mal al-Kamilah: Al-Jami’ al-Fiqh. first edition, Dar al-Wafa and Dar al-Warraq Publishers.
Ibn Hazm, d. 456 AH (1350AH). Al-Muhallaa. Vol. 8. PP. 210-227. Bab al-Muzara’ah wal- Mugharasah. al-Muniriyyah Publishers, Egypt.
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Ibn Qudamah 541-620 A.H, (1997), al Mughni. Vol. 7. Bab al Muzara’ah. PP 555-572. Dar Alam al-Kutub, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ibn Taimiyyah A., 661-728 A. H (2006). Majmu’ al-Fatawa (Compilation of legal verdicts). Dar al-Hadith. Cairo, Egypt.
Ifeoma, J. I. & Agwu A. E., (2014). Assessment of food security situation among farming households in rural areas of Kano state, Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, Vol. 15(1), Pp.94-107. DOI:10.5513/JCEAO1/15.1.1418
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Khasanah, U., Salim, U., Triyuwono, I. & Irianto, G. (2013). The practice of profit and loss sharing system For rice farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 9, Issue 3.
Krejcie R. V., & Morgan D, W., (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement.
Makarfi A. M. & Olukosi, (2012). Uses of fund and constraints to growth among microfinance institutions in Kano State, Nigeria. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 4 (1), pp. 17-22, DOI: 10.5897/JDAE11.083. ISSN 2006-9774
Melichar E., (1992). Agricultural bank experience in the 1980’s and a comparison with the 1920’s. Wake Forest University Symposium on Risk, Insurance and Bank failure.
NBS, (2010). Annual abstract of statistics. National Bureau of Statistics, Federal Republic of Nigeria, www.nigeriastat.gov.ng
NBS/CADP, (2010). Baseline survey report. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Commercial Agriculture Development Program, a World Bank assisted Program
NBS/MDG, (2013). Statistical tables from the millennium development goals’ survey. a collaborative survey between the office of special assistant to the president on MDGs and the national bureau of statistics
Nienhaus, V. (2010). Capacity building in the financial sector: Strategies for strengthening financial institutions. Inaugural Islamic Financial Stability Forum Khartoum, Sudan and Islamic Financial Service Board IFSB.
Nyagba, S. (2009). Review of the Nigerian rural development policy for sustainable growth. A paper presentation at the West African Regional Conference on Smart, appropriate technologies for rural communities Abuja, Nigeria
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Okoro D. & Ujah O. C. (2009). Agricultural policy budget analysis in Nigeria (1999-2007): perspective and implications for SLISSFAN project status. Report Submitted to OXFAM GB Nigeria
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Tahir, S. (1996). Riba, share-tenancy and agrarian reforms. The Pakistan Development Review 35 : 4 Part II (Winter 1996)pp.
The World Bank: Nigeria Data (2013, August 20). World Bank Development Indicators: Statistics in Africa: Data and Statistics. The World Bank and agriculture in Africa. Africa fact sheet (2013).
WFP, (2013). Hunger: What causes hunger?. World Food Program (WFP) United Nations policy portal. See; http://www.wfp.org/huger/causes
WFP, (2010). The state of food insecurity in the world: Addressing food security in protracted crises. World Food Program in (WFP) in collaboration with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Yaacob, H. (2013). Commercializing Muzara’ah model contract through Islamic finance to help Malaysian aborigines. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 2, Issue 3 ISSN 2289-1552
Yakubu O. D., & Aderonmu, (2010). Rural poverty alleviation and Democracy in Nigeria’s fourth republic (1999-2009). Current research journal of social sciences 2 (3): 191-195, 2010 ISSN: 2014-3246 (c) Maxwell Scientific Organizations.
Yusoff, M. M. & Aziz, M. R. A. (2013). Shari’ah-compliant financing for agriculture in Islamic banking institutions. IE CONS-2013 Pdf.
Yusri S. A., (2000/1421). Jami’ al-Fiqh li-Ibnul Qayyim: Vol. 4, Kitab al Musaqah wal Muzara’ah, PP. 452-472, 1st Edition, Dar alwafa.
Zuhaili, W., (1985 CE/1405 AH) Fiqh al Islami wa Adillatuhu. Vol. 5. PP. 613-654. Second Edition, Dar al Fikr. Damascus, Syria.
Adetiloye, K. A., (2012). Agricultural financing in Nigeria: An assessment of agricultural guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) for food security in Nigeria (1978-2006). Journal Economic, 3(1): 39-48 (2012) Kamla-Raj 2012
Agbaeze, K. & Onwuka, I. (2013). Boosting the financing of agriculture in Nigeria: The capital market option. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. ISSN 2222-1719 (paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (online) vol. 13, 2013.
Ajulor, V. O., (2013). Policy implementation and rural poverty reduction in Nigeria: An analysis of National Poverty Eradication Program (NAPEP) in Ado Odo Ota Local Government Area, Ogun State, AIK 1st International Interdisciplinary Conference Proceedings.
Al-Aini, B. (1990CE/1411AH). Al-Binayah fi Sharh al-Hidayah. Vol 10. P. 570-612. Second Edition. Dar al-Fikr. Beirut, Lebanon.
Al-Athqalani, A. 773-852AH (1420AH/2000CE). Fath al-Bari bi-Sharh Sahih al- Bukhari. Vol 5. PP. 266-297. First Edition. Dar al-Fikr. Beirut, Lebanon.
Al-Bukhari M. 194-256 A. H., (2008), The Authentic Hadith Collections, Mu’assasat al- Mukhtar. Cairo, Egypt.
Al-Hakami, I. (1392 AH). As-Subul as-Sawiyyah Li-Ahadith al-Sunan al- Marwiyyah. P-69. Muhammad Ali Subaih & his Sons. Al-Azhar, Egypt.
Al-Harithi, J. (2003CE/1424AH). Al-Fiqhul Iqtisadi Li-Ameeril Mu’minin Umar bn Al-Khattab. Dar al-Andalus al-Khadhira’. First Edition. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Harran, S. A. (1990). Islamic finance: The experience of the Sudanese Islamic Bank in partnership (Musharakah) financing as a tool for rural development among small farmers in Sudan. Durham E-Theses, Durham University, UK.
Al-Qurafi, S. d. 1285/684AH (1994). Al-Dhakhirah fi Fiqh Alim al-Medinah. Vol- 6. PP. 125-9. First Edition Dar al-Gharb al-Islami
Balarabe, I. I. (2014). Empirical investigation of the determinants of poverty in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. ISSN 2222- 1700 (paper) 2222-2855 (online) Vol. 5, No. 14, 2014
Dardir, A. (n.d). Sharh al-Sagir ala Aqrab al-Masalik ila Madhab al-Imam Malik. Vol. 3. PP. 711-728. Dar al-Ma’arif Cairo, Egypt.
Dusuki S, (n.d). Hashiyatud Dussuki alash-Sharh al-Kabir. Vol. 3/372-3. Daru Ihya’al- Kutub al-Arabiyyah.
Egwemi, V. & Odo, L. U. (2013). Rural development and poverty eradication in Nigeria. Jorind11(1),June2013.ISSN1596-8308.www.transcompus.org/Journals; www.ajol.info/journals/jorind
Ejike. O. L. (2012). Financing agriculture in Nigeria: Issues and solutions. Journal of Research of Pure and Applied Sciences. Vol. 1 No. 1 June, 2012.
Eze, C., Lemchi, J. I., Ugochukwu, A. I., Eze, V. C., Awulonu & Okon, A. X., (2010). Agricultural financing policies and rural development in Nigeria. 84th Annual Conference of Agricultural Economics Society. Conference Proceeding Publication, Edinburg.
Famogbiele, A. (2013). The challenges of agricultural finance in Nigeria: Constraints to sustainable agricultural and economic revival. International Journal of Business and Social Research (IJBSR), Volume-3 No.-5 May, 2013.
FAO, (2008). Food security for action: A practical guide. Food and Agriculture Organization EC - FAO Food Security Program.
FAO, (2014). FAO statistical yearbook: Africa food and agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations regional office for Africa-Acra, 2014, ISBN 978-92- 5-108165-5 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-108166-2, www.fao.org/publications
Fiqh Encyclopedia, (1997 CE/1418 AH). Vol. 37 PP. 49-85. First Edition, Ministry of Waqf and Islamic Affairs, Kuwait.
Global Food Security Index, (2015). An annual measure of the state of global food security. The Economist Intelligence Unit
Hakimi, M. S. (2011). Crafting the agricultural product and loss sharing (aPLS) in the place of the profit and loss (PLS) for Islamic agricultural finance. Kyoto Working Papers on Area Studies No. 116 JSPS Global COE Program Series 114 In Search of Sustainable Humanosphere in Asia and Africa June 2011
Hakimi, M. S. (2011). Theory of “sharecropping” from an Islamic economic perspective: a study of al-Muzāraʻa & al-Musaqat. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 4-1&2 (March 2011), pp. 190–209
Hassan, M. T., Sattar M. A., Tousif, M. A., Nasir, N., Sadiq, M. & Yesmin, M. (2012). Role of Islamic banking in agriculture development in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Microthink Institute, International Journal of Learning & Development. ISSN 2164-4063 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3. DOI: 10.5296/ijld.v2i3.1817. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i3.1817
Ibn al-Qaiyim 691-751 (2000). Mausu’at al-a’mal al-Kamilah: Al-Jami’ al-Fiqh. first edition, Dar al-Wafa and Dar al-Warraq Publishers.
Ibn Hazm, d. 456 AH (1350AH). Al-Muhallaa. Vol. 8. PP. 210-227. Bab al-Muzara’ah wal- Mugharasah. al-Muniriyyah Publishers, Egypt.
Ibn Manzur, d. 711AH/1411CE, (n.d.). Lisan al-Arab. P. 1826. Dar al-Ma’aarif Publishers, Cairo, Egypt.
Ibn Qudamah 541-620 A.H, (1997), al Mughni. Vol. 7. Bab al Muzara’ah. PP 555-572. Dar Alam al-Kutub, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ibn Taimiyyah A., 661-728 A. H (2006). Majmu’ al-Fatawa (Compilation of legal verdicts). Dar al-Hadith. Cairo, Egypt.
Ifeoma, J. I. & Agwu A. E., (2014). Assessment of food security situation among farming households in rural areas of Kano state, Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, Vol. 15(1), Pp.94-107. DOI:10.5513/JCEAO1/15.1.1418
Inuwa, I. M. S., Kyiogwom, U .B., Ala, A. L., Maikasuwa, M. A., & Ibrahim, N. D. (2011). Profitability analysis of rice processing and marketing in Kano State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 19(2): 293-298
Kano State, (2013). A guide to business and investment in Kano State. Kano State Investors’ Handbook
Khasanah, U., Salim, U., Triyuwono, I. & Irianto, G. (2013). The practice of profit and loss sharing system For rice farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 9, Issue 3.
Krejcie R. V., & Morgan D, W., (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement.
Makarfi A. M. & Olukosi, (2012). Uses of fund and constraints to growth among microfinance institutions in Kano State, Nigeria. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 4 (1), pp. 17-22, DOI: 10.5897/JDAE11.083. ISSN 2006-9774
Melichar E., (1992). Agricultural bank experience in the 1980’s and a comparison with the 1920’s. Wake Forest University Symposium on Risk, Insurance and Bank failure.
NBS, (2010). Annual abstract of statistics. National Bureau of Statistics, Federal Republic of Nigeria, www.nigeriastat.gov.ng
NBS/CADP, (2010). Baseline survey report. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Commercial Agriculture Development Program, a World Bank assisted Program
NBS/MDG, (2013). Statistical tables from the millennium development goals’ survey. a collaborative survey between the office of special assistant to the president on MDGs and the national bureau of statistics
Nienhaus, V. (2010). Capacity building in the financial sector: Strategies for strengthening financial institutions. Inaugural Islamic Financial Stability Forum Khartoum, Sudan and Islamic Financial Service Board IFSB.
Nyagba, S. (2009). Review of the Nigerian rural development policy for sustainable growth. A paper presentation at the West African Regional Conference on Smart, appropriate technologies for rural communities Abuja, Nigeria
Obansa, S. A. J. & Madueke, I. M. (2013). Agriculture financing and economic growth in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal. Janury2013 edition Vol. 9, No. 1 ISSN: 1857-7881 (print) e-ISSN. 1857-7431
Ogbalubi L. N., & Wokocha C.C., (2013). Agricultural development and employment generation: The Nigerian experience. OSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 2, Issue 2 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 60-69 www.iosrjournals.org
Ojo, E. O. & Adebayo, P. F. (2012). Food security in Nigeria: An overview. European Journal of Sustainable Development.
Okoro D. & Ujah O. C. (2009). Agricultural policy budget analysis in Nigeria (1999-2007): perspective and implications for SLISSFAN project status. Report Submitted to OXFAM GB Nigeria
Rahman, A. A. & Othman, P. F., (2012). The agricultural land tenancy contract from the Islamic perspective and its practice among farmers: A study in Selengor, Malaysia. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(10), pp. 1584-1594, DOI: 10.5897/AJAR10.050 ISSN 1991-637X ©2012. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR
Ruete M., (2015). Financing agriculture: How to boost opportunities in developing countries. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Investment in Agriculture. Policy Brief 3.
Rural poverty in Nigeria (2013, September 15). Rural poverty statistics in Nigeria. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) www.ruralpovertyportal.org.
Tahir, S. (1996). Riba, share-tenancy and agrarian reforms. The Pakistan Development Review 35 : 4 Part II (Winter 1996)pp.
The World Bank: Nigeria Data (2013, August 20). World Bank Development Indicators: Statistics in Africa: Data and Statistics. The World Bank and agriculture in Africa. Africa fact sheet (2013).
WFP, (2013). Hunger: What causes hunger?. World Food Program (WFP) United Nations policy portal. See; http://www.wfp.org/huger/causes
WFP, (2010). The state of food insecurity in the world: Addressing food security in protracted crises. World Food Program in (WFP) in collaboration with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Yaacob, H. (2013). Commercializing Muzara’ah model contract through Islamic finance to help Malaysian aborigines. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 2, Issue 3 ISSN 2289-1552
Yakubu O. D., & Aderonmu, (2010). Rural poverty alleviation and Democracy in Nigeria’s fourth republic (1999-2009). Current research journal of social sciences 2 (3): 191-195, 2010 ISSN: 2014-3246 (c) Maxwell Scientific Organizations.
Yusoff, M. M. & Aziz, M. R. A. (2013). Shari’ah-compliant financing for agriculture in Islamic banking institutions. IE CONS-2013 Pdf.
Yusri S. A., (2000/1421). Jami’ al-Fiqh li-Ibnul Qayyim: Vol. 4, Kitab al Musaqah wal Muzara’ah, PP. 452-472, 1st Edition, Dar alwafa.
Zuhaili, W., (1985 CE/1405 AH) Fiqh al Islami wa Adillatuhu. Vol. 5. PP. 613-654. Second Edition, Dar al Fikr. Damascus, Syria.