Sudarwanto, Mirnawati, Indonesia

  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Antimicrobial activity of pliek u oil and pliek u crude extracts were evaluated against seven bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans).  Pliek u oil has been used as cooking oil and medicinal of skin diseases, wound, fever, headache and stomache.  Pliek u has been consumed as spices and sambal, and also used for feed poultry.  These foods collected from home industry at Redeup village in Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.  The hexane and ethanol extracts of pliek u were obtained by standard method.  The antimicrobial activity was detected using paper disc method and the concentration of crude extract was determined by  dilution method.  Among antimicrobials extracts tested, the ethanol crude extract (EEP) was most active against all microbial strains.  The ethanol crude extract obtained from pliek u previously extracted by hexane (EERH) was active toward bacterial strains and only hexane crude extract was active against C. albicans.  The results indicated that ethanol crude extract (EEP) showed antimicrobial activity at a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a Minimal Microbicidal Concentration (MMC) at 2.5-10 mg/ml and  10-20 mg/ml, respectively. EEP was still active at 100ºC, 121ºC for 15-60 minute, 28ºC (room storage), 10ºC (refrigerator temperature), both for 1-6 months and at pH from 1-11. The results of the research concluded that EEP showed significant antimicrobial activity.

     

    Key words: pliek u, coconut fermentated, antimicrobial activity, toxicity test
    Abstract  PDF
  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 2 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) becomes a public health concern in developed countries which associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) in human and Johne’s disease (JD) in ruminants.  Some researchers in Europe, USA, and Australia detected MAP in the dairy products and showed the relationship among MAP, CD, and JD.  Meanwhile Indonesia imported milk and milk products from those countries to cover national demand.  In the future it will be a potential problem to national dairy herd and human health.  The aim of this study is to detect MAP in the growing up milk formula.  Fifty samples from five established distributors were taken in Bogor.  Some diagnostic methods were used parallel in this study, namely Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT), Herrold’s Egg Yolk enrichment with mycobactine-J (HEYM) and polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) with insertion sequence IS 900 and F 57 as primer.  Neither MAP grew up in MGIT and HEYM after 20 weeks of incubation period. No positive samples were found by conventional PCR using IS 900 and F57 either but 5 samples were detected positive by nested PCR F57.  Although there was no evidence of MAP grew from the samples in this study, the comprehensive and sustainable studies on MAP still should be carried out with more and varied samples, as well as in human to provide data on MAP and to anticipate it in Indonesia.

     

    Key words: mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, growing up milk formula, PCR


    Abstract  PDF
  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 31 No. 4 (2008): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Through a nutritional improvement project, Bogor District had donated powdered milk formula (PMF) for severe malnutrition children under five years.  Powdered milk formula was assumed as an unsterilized product, because it might contain spore forming bacteria.  To evaluate the bacterial contaminant of home prepared milk formula, fourty eight samples of PMF, and 50 samples of reconstitution formula, drinking water, drinking equipment, and hand were taken proporsionally from the mothers in 10 Health Community Centre around Bogor District.  Samples were analyzed for aerobic microbe, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and the potential of enterotoxins production.  All of the donated PMF samples exhibiting a total aerobic count of <104 CFU/g (mean 1.2 x 102 CFU/g) and B. cereus count of <103 CFU/g (mean 3.0 x 102 CFU/g for PMF containing this bacterium).  Improper home storage promote the growth of aerobic microbe and B. cereus.  Improper preparation promote the growth of B. cereus which present initially at low level (mean 7.8 x 10 CFU/g) and became 1.6 x 103 CFU/ml after the reconstitution.  Clostridium perfringens emerge at 4 samples (mean 1.5 x 10 CFU/ml) after the reconstitution.  Several isolate of B. cereus (4 from PMF, 13 from opened PMF, and 2 from reconstution formula) showed a possibility to produce diarrheagenic enterotoxin while the isolate of C. perfringens did not shown it.

     

    Keywords: powdered milk formula, B. cereus, C. perfringens, diarrheagenic enterotoxin, preparation and storage
    Abstract  PDF
  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 30 No. 1 (2007): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    In recent years, there has been an increasing an abuse of slaughtered death chicken for human consumption, so it is important to find a practice ways to identify it. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the quality of meat taken from slaughtered death chicken can be detected through quality attributes of meat (Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear value, CIE L* a* b* color, and histological changes.  Thirty pieces of breast (M. pectoralis) and thigh (M. biceps femoris) meat were obtained from commercial slaughtering house.  The samples were classified into three groups namely halal slaughtered chicken (AHS), slaughtered death chicken (AMS), and slaughtered stressed chicken (ALS) and all samples processed for microscopic observations, for WB value and color after 1, 5 and 9 h postmortem (PM).  This study showed that percentage of degenerated and necrotic muscle fibres of breast and thigh meat of AMS and ALS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than AHS.  The WB values of all samples were nearly similar (P>0.05).  The L* value of breast and thigh meat of AMS and ALS were lower whereas a* value of breast and thigh meat of AMS were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of AHS and ALS.  The muscle fiber interstitial space had significant positive correlation with degenerated muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.52), necrotic muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.57) of breast meat, and also with degenerated muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.68) and necrotic muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.56) of thigh meat.  The biologic parameters can be used to distinguish between the slaughtered death chicken and halal slaughtered chicken.

     

    Key words: meat quality, muscle fiber, slaughtered death chicken, L* a* b* value
    Abstract  PDF