The researh for study relationship between phytoplankton abundance and environment parameters and determining contribuion each environment parameters on phytoplankton abundance discrimination had been conducted in 2005 in bagan rambo fishing ground at coastal water Barru Regency, Makassar Strait. Environment parameters and phytoplankton abundance data collection were conducted on May (6 stations), June, July, September, October and November (9 stations). Spatio-temporal distribution of environment parameters probably ralate to fresh water loading to stations inshore. Phytoplankton abundance found in this research ranged from 431 to 5438 cels/liter. Phytoplankton population dominated by diatom i.e: Bacteriatrum, Biddulphia, Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Ditylum, Eucampia, Melosira, Navicula, Nitzschia, Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, Thalassionema, Thalassiosira, dan Thalassiothrix. Regression analysis result show significantly positive linear correlation between phytoplankton abundance with temperature and phosphate concentration, but low correlation coefficient R = 0,4366 (R2 = 0,1906). Discriminant analysis result show that high average of phytoplankton abundance occured when high temperature and nitrat concentration, and moderate salinity, pH and phosphate concentration. Phosphate concentration have higher contribution on discriminating phytoplankton abundance. The contribution of nitrate and silicat concentration and pH are low.
This study is aim to analyze the expost (2001-2004) and exante (2007-2010) impacts of industrial relation issues on Indonesian economy in the era of regional autonomy. To reach this objective, a simultaneous equations model containing 34 stuctural equations and 18 identity equations is constructed. Time series 1980-2004 data was used in this study and model was estimated by 2SLS Method, SYSLIN Procedure. Historical and forcasting simulation used the SIMNLIN Procedure. Estimated parameters of the model suggest that an increase of minimum wage policy, emergence of labour union and strike cases affect significantly on investment, agregate supply, unemployment and inflation. Results of the simulations analysis indicate that solving industrial relation issues is potential to increase investment and agregate supply as well as to decrease unemployment and inflation in 2007-2010.
Key words: industrial relation issues, economy, regional autonomy
The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is believed to be the initiating factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Curcuminoid, the metabolite of Zingiberaceae family such as temu mangga (Curcuma mangga), has been shown to reduce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. In this study, we examined the effect of curcuminoid extracted from temu mangga on copper ion-induced lipid peroxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in mice’s macrophages and Macaca nemestrina’s monocytes. Analyses were done by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as malonaldehyde (MDA). LDL were harvested and isolated from 5 adult female Macaca fascicularis fed aterogenic diet for 3 months. LDL oxidation by mice macrophage incubated for 4 hours were inhibited by curcuminoid at concentration of 8 ppm. There was decreased 17% (P<0.01) in the concentration of MDA compared to control without curcuminoid (31.99B±0. vs 36.77A±0.9 nmol/mg protein LDL, respectively). Inhibiton of LDL oxidation in M. nemestrina macrophage were highest by curcuminoid at 8 ppm for 4 hours and 6 hours incubation. There was 14.8% and 23% inhibiton (P<0.01) (23.768 ± 0.095A vs 27.111B±0.972 and 23.37B±0.12 vs 30.87A±2.49 nmol/mg LDL protein, respectively). These data suggest that curcuminoid of temu mangga were able to inhibit LDL oxidation in the cellular level, therefore offer protection against oxidation of LDL.
The research has been conducted in border area of Timor Tengah Utara Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur, and Oekusi Enclave District, East Timor. The objective of the research is to analyze the center for development of agropolitan. The method use were AHP,LQ, SSA, I-O and descriptive statistic analysis. The result showed that subdistrict Miomafo Timur is center for agropolitan development located in the border area of District Enclave Oekusi. It is suggested that it is a need to develop mutual and networking with other region in Timor Tengah Utara Regency and Oekusi Enclave District.
Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut as wildlife game reserve, that are covered by mangrove forest and are potential region in supporting local and migratory bird life, are one of conservation area in North Sumatera Province. Increasing population number of people surrounding the project area was also followed by the increasing of live needs Gading Beach, which is very susceptible with conversion and high exploitation. The conflict interest requently occurs in case of converting land that caused impact to ecology and economy of properties, and indirectly affect to the decreasing of bird diversity. The objectives of this research were to analyze the relationships between the structure and composition of tree species and the bird biodiversity. The research was conducted from June to September 2007 in the Karang Gading Beach and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife game reserve, North Sumatera Province. The sampling area was selected four subhabitats consisting of (1) primary mangrove subhabitat, (2) Secondary mangrove subhabitat, (3) intensif embankment subhabitat, and (4) extensive embankment subhabitat. A purposive sampling method was applied for mangrove vegetation, and IPA (indices ponctuels d’abundances) and CC (concentration counts) method were used for bird observe. Results showed that there significant relationships between the structure and composition of tree species and the bird biodiversity in all subhabitats. The correlation coefficient in primary mangrove subhabitat was higher than those of the other subhabitats. The correlation coefficients of 0.86, 0.92. 0.85, and 0.93 were for primary mangrove. Secondary mangrove, intensive embankment and extensive embankment subhabitat, respectively. Hight variety of tree species in each subhabitat could increase the bird diversity.
The objectives of this research were; (1) to analyze production efficiency and profitability of smallholder rubber monoculture and smallholder rubber agroforestry systems, and (2) to find out the effects of policy distortions towards rubber production under smallholder monoculture and smallholder agroforestry. Smallholders are not only judged by yield per hectare; economic efficiency is not only a matter of returns to land and returns to labor but smallholders can adopt low input strategy, continue making profits at prices that would be economically viable. Such flexibility offers the possibility of efficient resource allocation in response to diversification of economic opportunities. The policy analysis matrix (PAM) with the domestic resource cost (DRC) results under the baseline scenario indicated that the use of domestic resources in production of rubber was efficient and socially profitable under the two systems but more desirable under monoculture system given the current prices for physical inputs, outputs, technologies and policy transfer. However, even with sensitivity analysis of 10% increase in the price of rubber holding other factors constant does not make rubber agroforestry system more efficient than its counterpart and a 20% fall in price of rubber made rubber production under agroforestry system less efficient and undesirable. All measures are compared to the alternative policy indicators currently used. Therefore, recommendations made from this study relate to the need for diversification into better practices that can sustain efficient rubber production under the agroforestry system, encouraging private sector participation and reducing disincentives to rubber production.