Current Biochemistry

Kandungan Nutrisi dan Daya Inhibisi α-glukosidase Ekstrak Daging Buah Salak Sidempuan (Salacca sumatrana)

Mega Safithri — 2024-06-06

Penelitian terhadap pemanfaatan salak khususnya salak Sidempuan sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kadar proksimat (air, abu, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, dan karbohidrat), menganalisis komponen fitokimia, kandungan total fenolik dan aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase pada ekstrak air dan etanol daging buah salak Sidempuan. Kadar total fenol diukur menggunakan metode Folin Ciocalteu. Aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase diukur menggunakan substrat pNPG. Kadar karbohidrat, air, abu, lemak kasar, protein kasar, dan serat kasar berturut-turut sebesar 86.35%, 6.57%, 3.60%, 1.44%, 1.24%, dan 0.82%. Kedua ekstrak mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan saponin. Ekstrak etanol 70% daging buah salak Sidempuan memiliki kandungan total fenol sebesar 10.6 mg GAE/g ekstrak, lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak air sebesar 5.55 mg GAE/g esktrak. Ekstrak etanol daging buah salak Sidempuan memiliki konsentrasi inhibisi (IC₅₀) sebesar 13.69 mg/L. Konsentrasi ini lebih kecil dibandingkan ekstrak air yaitu 4160.56 mg/L, namun masih lebih besar dibandingkan akarbosa yaitu 1.15x10-3 mg/L sebagai kontrol positif.

Optimization of PCR Conditions for Adding XhoI Restriction Sites to the Glucose Oxidase Gene of Aspergillus niger IPBCC 08.610

Hanifah Aryani — 2024-08-19

Glucose oxidase (GOX) is naturally produced by fungi Aspergillus niger. The GOX enzyme catalyzes the oxidation reaction of β-D-glucose to produce δ-gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide a (H₂O₂). Hydrolysis of δ-gluconolactone will produce gluconic acid. Gluconic acid and its derivatives have benefits in the pharmaceutical field as a drug for mineral deficiencies. A. niger IPBCC 08.610 is a local isolate that produce intracellular GOX with higher yield than extracellularly. GOX can be expressed extracellularly by cloning into the expression vector pPICZαB which has the signal peptide α-mating factor (α-MF). GOX gene construction needs to be done by adding some features such as XhoI restriction sites at the 5' and 3' ends, XbaI restriction site at 3’ side, and spacer peptide glu-ala-glu-ala at 5’ side. This research aims to optimize Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) conditions in two stages of amplification, stage I to copy the GOX gene and stage II to add those features so it is hoped that recombinant GOX can increase gluconic acid production. The results of primer concentration optimization showed that primers with a concentration of 10 µM produced clearer PCR amplicons than those with a concentration of 20 µM. The optimal temperature for amplification stage I is 58°C. The amplification stage II annealing temperature was modified with the first ten cycles based on the lowest Tm of primer value, 52°C, and the subsequent 25 cycles based on the highest Tm of primer value, 61°C.

Combination of Pulai Leaf (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.) and Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya L.) Water Extract as HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

Sulistiyani — 2024-08-19

Heart disease has become the leading cause of death in the world in the last 15 years. This disease has several primary risk factors, one of which is hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver is influenced by the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, HMG-CoA reductase. Traditional herbal medicine provides alternative treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Both pulai and papaya leaves were reported as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. There has been very limited study however, on the efficacy of a mixture of aqueous extracts of the two in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. This study aims to determine the activity of a mixture of water extracts of both pulai and papaya leaves. The activity of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase was measured by Abcam® kit No. Ab204701 by spectrophotometric method at 334 nm. The results showed that the three extracts of the combination of pulai and papaya leaves had four times better inhibitory action than the single extract (p0.05). The results of the phytochemical literature study showed that the aqueous extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins

Phytochemical and Organoleptic Tests of Combined Extracts of Turmeric, Black Tea, and Ginger

Rara Annisaur Rosyidah — 2024-08-19

Phytochemical screening to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the chemical content of black tea (Camellia sinensis), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale). In addition, the content of secondary metabolites in black tea, turmeric and ginger can be used as an indication of the quality of these plants. the need for a combination of black tea extract act, turmeric, and ginger from various people so that it can be liked by the public. This study aims to test the phytochemical extracts of black tea, turmeric, and ginger as well as organoleptic tests on the most optimum combination of -glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity. Phytochemical screening showed that black tea and ginger extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones, glycosides, and phenolics, while turmeric extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, glycosides, and phenolics. The organoleptic test of the F7 combination consisting of a combination of black tea extract, turmeric, and ginger showed the highest level of preference by P3 and P2 on color, aroma, consistency, and aftertaste, while taste was at P3.

Minyak atsiri Kapulaga (Elettaria cardamomum) sebagai inhibitor Sap 5 Candida albicans penyebab kandidiasis vulvovaginalis (KVV) secara in silico

Gusnia Meilin Gholam — 2024-08-22

ABSTRACT

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a disease caused by the inflammatory process of the vulva and vaginal mucosa caused by Candida sp., mainly Candida albicans. This study aimed to analyze the molecular interaction between the volatile oil in cardamom and Sap 5 as an inhibitor of Candida albicans causing VVC through In silico molecular interaction analysis. The methods used are analysis of homology, structural quality, and essential areas, receptor and ligand preparation, gridbox validation, virtual screening, Lipinski prediction and toxicity, and ligand-receptor interaction visualization analysis. The results showed that essential oils have the potential to inhibit Sap 5 through molecular bonding and produce interactions in the form of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The best test ligands were Geranyl acetate (-6.78 kcal/mol), Alpha-terpinyl acetate (-6.07 kcal/mol), 1,8-Sineol (-5.47 kcal/mol), and Linalool (-5.06 kcal/mol). The test ligands have contact with catalytic residues on Asp32/Asp218. In addition, the properties of these ligands also meet the Lipinski and Toxicity rules, so they can be predicted to be safe.

Keywords: Candida albicans, Cardamom, Essential oil, In silico, Sap 5

ABSTRAK

Kandidiasis vulvovaginalis (KVV) merupakan penyakit akibat dari proses inflamasi vulva dan mukosa vagina yang disebabkan oleh Candida sp. utamanya Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi molekuler antara minyak atsiri yang terkandung pada kapulaga dengan Sap 5 sebagai inhibitor Candida albicans penyebab KVV melalui analisis interaksi molekuler secara In silico. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis homologi, kualitas struktur, dan daerah penting, preparasi reseptor dan ligan, validasi gridbox, penapisan virtual, prediksi Lipinski dan toksisitas, dan analisis visualisasi interaksi ligan-reseptor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mempunyai potensi menghambat Sap 5 melalui penambatan molekuler dan menghasilkan interaksi berupa ikatan hidrogen, ikatan elektrostatik, dan interaksi hidrofobik. Golongan ligan uji yang terbaik yaitu Geranil asetat (-6.78 kkal/mol), Alfa-terpinil asetat (-6.07 kkal/mol), 1,8-Sineol (-5.47 kkal/mol), dan Linalool (-5.06 kkal/mol). Ligan uji tersebut mempunyai kontak residu katalitik pada Asp32/Asp218. Selain itu, sifat ligan tersebut juga memenuhi aturan Lipinski dan Toksisitas, sehingga dapat diprediksi aman.

Kata kunci: Candida albicans, Kapulaga, Minyak atsiri, In silico, Sap 5